Completely simple and regular semi hypergroups

In this paper the notion of simple and completely simple semi hypergroups are introduced. Basic properties of these algebraic structures are considered. Some methods for constructing new kinds of these hyperstructures are presented. The regularity of semi hypergroups is considered and three structural results are proved

Recess Activity and General Health Status among Iranian Elementary Schools’ Pupils

Background: Regular and daily physical activity during childhood and at school is one of the important part of requirements of normal growth, development and well-being. To achieve physical activity promotion among school child aged population recess as outside of class time efforts is scheduled and allows students to engage in physical and social activities. The purpose of the present study was to assess recess activities as well as status of physical activities among a sample of Iranian students at the pri¬mary schools.Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in four randomly se¬lected schools from a list of 26 elementary schools in March, 2012 in the city of Shahindej, located in North-west of Iran. Participants were 439 (10–12 years) elementary schools’. Physical activity level by self-reporting, mental health using the parent-completed Child Health Questionnaire, and happiness was assessed using a Persian translated version of the Subjective Happiness Scale. Hierarchical logistic regression analysis was applied in two steps using the enter method to analyze data in the SPSS version 17.Results: Backward logistic regression analysis showed that gender of the parent who answered the study questions, father’s education, educational grade of children, BMI, physical function, physical health, health status of the children and family function were significantly related to the children’s physical activity level.Conclusion: Promoting parents’ awareness and schools’ staff about im¬portance of physical activities especially in recess times must be an impor¬tant part of school and community mental health promotion programs

The effect of changing position and early ambulation after cardiac catheterization on patients' outcomes: A single-blind randomized controlled trial

Background: Cardiac catheterization is the gold standard diagnostic test for coronary heart diseases. In order to minimize the post-procedure complications, patients are restricted to prolonged bed rest that is always accompanied by fatigue and discomfort. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of changing position and early ambulation on the level of comfort, satisfaction, and fatigue and on the amount of bleeding and hematoma after cardiac catheterization. Participants: A sample of 70 patients, who had undergone a non-emergency 6-French cardiac catheterization via the femoral artery from September to November, 2006. Methods: In a single-blind randomized controlled trial, each patient was randomly assigned to either the control or experimental group. The patients' position in the experimental group was intermittently changed during the first 6 h after catheterization. Seven hours after the procedure, they were allowed to be ambulated and to undertake their self care activities. A pillow was placed under the patients' bodies. Patients in the control group were managed as routine; they were restricted to a 10-24 h bed rest bed rest in supine position with the affected leg straight and immobilized and a sand bag on the puncture site for at least 8 h. The levels of comfort, satisfaction and fatigue, and the amount of bleeding and hematoma were measured at regular intervals after the procedure. Results: The patients in the experimental group had significantly higher comfort and satisfaction and lower fatigue levels than the control group at 3, 6, 8 h and the next morning after catheterization (P 0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the levels of comfort, satisfaction and fatigue after catheterization are related to the duration of bed rest and patients' position in bed. Changing patients' position accompanied by early ambulation after cardiac catheterization are associated with increasing comfort and satisfaction levels and decreasing the level of fatigue without increasing the amount of bleeding and hematoma. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Temperature Distribution Simulation of the Human Eye Exposed to Laser Radiation

Introduction: Human eye is a sensitive part of human body with no direct protection and due to its lack of protection against the external heat waves, studying the temperature distribution of heat waves on the human eye is of utmost importance. Various lasers are widely used in medical applications such as eye surgeries. The most significant issue in the eye surgeries with laser is estimation of temperature distribution and its increase in eye tissues due to the laser radiation intensity. Experimental and invasive methods to measure the eye temperature usually have high risks.Methods: In this paper, human eye has been modeled through studying the temperature distribution of three different laser radiations, using the finite element method. We simulated human eye under 1064 nm Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminium Garnet (Nd: YAG) laser, 193 nm argon fluoride (ArF) excimer laser, and 1340 nm Neodymium doped Yttrium Aluminum Perovskite (Nd: YAP) laser radiation.Results: The results show that these radiations cause temperature rise in retina, lens and cornea region, which will in turn causes serious damages to the eye tissues.Conclusion: This simulation can be a useful tool to study and predict the temperature distribution in laser radiation on the human eye and evaluate the risk involved in using laser to perform surgery

The Relationship between Core Competencies and Critical Thinking with regard to the Moderating Role of Mental Maturity: a study on staff of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences

Background & Objectives: Core competencies are used to order organizational skills and techonlogies for the purpose of satisfying the customers' needs. Critical thinking and mental maturity help to achieve this goal. The aim of this research was to study the relationship between core competencies and critical thinking with regard to the moderating role of mental maturity in staff of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences in 2016. Methods: This descriptive - analyctical study was done on 267 staff of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences selected through randomized stratified sampling. Data collection was conducted through using core competencies questionnaire (14 qeustions), critical thinking questionnaire (23 qeustions) and mental maturity questionnaire (19 qeustions). The relationship between variables were analyzed using Partial Least Squares (PLS) and through Smart PLS 2 software. Results: The coefficient between core competencies and critical thinking variables was 11.223 and core competencies directly explained 36 percent of critical thinking variations. But, the coefficient between core competencies and mental maturity variables was 0.993. Therefore, the effect of mental maturity as a moderating variable was not approved. Conclusion: The presence of critical thinking in organization and the opportunity for employees to express their opinions and suggestions lead to the presence of core competencies in organizations and it is possible through gathering, sharing and saving data. Key¬words: Core competence, Critical thinking, Mental maturity, Employees ¬Citation: JafarAbadi Shahrabadi H, Beheshtifar M, Vali L. The Relationship between Core Competencies and Critical Thinking with regard to the Moderating Role of Mental Maturity: a study on staff of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences. Journal of Health Based Research 2017; 2(4): 395-405

4D printing of recoverable buckling-induced architected iron-based shape memory alloys

Architected materials exhibit extraordinary properties in comparison with conventional materials and structures, resulting in additional functionality and efficiency by engineering the geometry in harmony with the base material. Buckling-induced architected materials (BIAMs) are a class of architected materials that exhibit a significant potential to absorb and dissipate energy owing to their local instabilities. Previous studies have shown a trade-off between energy dissipation and geometrical recoverability in metallic BIAM, which limits their use in applications that require both of these features. This study, for the first time, presents 4D printing of buckling-induced architected iron-based shape memory alloys (BIA Fe-SMAs) using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). The results show that 4D printing of BIA Fe-SMAs can offer both energy dissipation and geometrical recoverability (i.e., recentring). The study was conducted on two different alloy compositions of Fe-17Mn-5Si-10Cr-4Ni. Quasi-static cyclic tests were performed on the two BIA Fe-SMAs, and the samples were subsequently heated to 200 °C to activate the shape memory effect (SME) of the base material. The samples could recover the residual deformations accumulated during the cyclic load owing to the SME of the base material, which led to shape-recovery ratios of 96.8 and 98.7% for the studied BIA Fe-SMAs. The results of this study demonstrate that 4D printing of BIA Fe-SMAs can yield an enhanced multi-functional behavior by combining the material's inherent functional behavior with the functionalities of the architected structure. Notably, BIA Fe-SMA samples could reconfigure their initial shape without damage after densification, which sets them apart from conventional crushable lattices

Association of History Taking and Accuracy of the Interpretation of Cervical and Lumbar Magnetic Resonance Imaging

BACKGROUND: Disk herniation leading to radiculopathy is one of the most important causes of neck and back pain, requiring specific diagnostic tests. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is one of these diagnostic methods. Interpreting the findings of this imaging method by an experienced skilled person is very important. AIM: The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of history on the accuracy of the lumbar or cervical MRI reports in patients with back and neck pain referring to the radiology department. METHODS: This study was performed on patients with complaints of lumbar or neck pain that MRI had been performed for them. At first, the MRI was studied by the residents of the 2nd and 3rd years and then a radiologist as a routine, respectively. From 4 to 6 months later, patients’ clinical history was presented to the same students and professors and MRI was re-reported. Statistical differences were evaluated and analyzed using SPSS software version 20. RESULTS: Out of 150 patients with mean age of 42.56 ± 10.65, 87 patients (58%) were female and 63 (42%) were male. Most of the patients were between the ages of 40 and 50 years (34.66%). The most common clinical symptom of patients was waist and neck pain followed by sensory disturbances of the extremities. The most pathologic changes found was disk bulging in 28.8% of patients (68 cases). In terms of lumbar canal stenosis, the most cases were in the L4-L5 levels of the moderate type. The most reported cases of cervical stenosis have been mild. Disk herniation and DOCP were two main factors causing canal stenosis in the study patients. Statistical difference in the MRI reports performed by the residents on most of the variables was statistically significant before and after knowing the clinical history of the patient (p < 0.05). However, this difference was less noted in the reports of the radiologists. CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that knowing the history of patients in interpreting the results of MRI in patients with vertebral disk hernia is misleading and will lead to many false positive and negative results, especially for radiology residents. It is recommended that the residents and radiologists consider the MRI films before focusing on the biographies and clinical features of the patient, to prevent the occurrence of bias and to increase the accuracy of the reports

Comparison of mouse ovarian follicular development and gene expression in the presence of ovarian tissue extract and sodium selenite: An experimental study

Background: Ovarian tissue extract (OTE) and sodium selenite (SS) enhance the growth and maturation of preantral follicles in a dose-dependent manner. Objective: The present study was designed to bring more information regarding the mechanism of OTE and SS on the mRNA expression of follicle-stimulating hormone receptors (FSHR) and the proliferation cell nuclear antigens (PCNA) of in vitro matured isolated follicles. Materials and Methods: The tissue extract was prepared from adult ovaries. The preantral follicles (n = 266) were isolated from 12-16-day-old mice and cultured in the control, experimental I (10 ng/ml SS), and experimental II (OTE) groups for 12 days. The follicular diameter, survival, and maturation rates, also, the production of 17-β-estradiol and progesterone, and the follicular expression of PCNA and FSH receptor genes were analyzed. Results: The survival rate of follicles in the SS-treated group (84.58%) was significantly higher than that OTE (75.63%; p = 0.023) and control (69.38%; p = 0.032) groups. The mean diameter of culture follicles in experimental group I (403.8 μm) and experimental group II (383.97 μm) increased significantly in comparison with the control group (342.05 μm; p = 0.032). The developmental rate of follicles, percentages of antrum formation, released metaphase II oocytes (p = 0.027; p = 0.019 respectively), production of hormones and the expression of 2 studied genes were significantly increased in both experimental groups in compare with control group (p = 0.021; p = 0.023 respectively). Conclusion: The OTE and SS have a positive effect on development of mouse preantral follicles via over-expression of FSHR and PCNA genes. Key words: Follicle-stimulating hormone receptor, Ovary, Sodium selenite, Proliferation cell nuclear antigen, Mouse

Recognition of the factors affecting survival in colon and rectal cancer patients referred to RCGLD center of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences: accelerated failure time parametric survival analysis with frailty

زمینه و هدف: عوامل تشخیصی سرطان کولورکتال بر بقای بیماران و تجویز درمان مناسب موثر است. با توجه به افزایش نرخ‌ این سرطان در ایران مخصوصاً در سنین جوانی و اینکه عوامل تشخیصی سرطان کولورکتال به عنوان یک سرطان واحد درک دقیقی از دو سرطان کولون و رکتوم و عوامل موثر بر آن فراهم نمی‌کند، بنابراین مطالعه حاضر به منظور تعیین عوامل خطر اختصاصی سرطان‌های کولون و رکتوم انجام گردید. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه توصیفی-تحلیلی تعداد 1219 بیمار مبتلا به سرطان‌های کولون و رکتوم طی دی ‌ماه 1383 تا مهرماه 1387 مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. متغیر‌های دموگرافیک و بالینی در قالب تحلیل‌های یک متغیره و چند متغیره با رویکرد الگوی زمان شکست شتابنده تحلیل بقا و با انجام تصحیح توسط پارامتر شکنندگی توسط نرم‌افزار STATA 10 تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. یافته‌ها: بر اساس نتایج حاصل از این مطالعه برای سرطان کولون در زنان، بیماران بدون سابقه‌ی بیماری التهاب روده، بیماران با درجه‌ی تومور ضعیف متمایز شده و بیماران با مرحله‌ی پاتولوژیک I تومور احتمال بقای بالاتری به دست آمد و برای دو عامل سابقه‌ی مصرف الکل و اندازه‌ی تومور رابطه آماری معنی‌داری مشاهده نشد. همچنین برای سرطان رکتوم، بیماران با نوع اولین درمان عمل جراحی احتمال بقای بالاتری داشتند و برای دو عامل سابقه‌ی شخصی ابتلا به سرطان و مرحله‌ی پاتولوژیک تومور رابطه آماری معنی‌داری مشاهده نشد. همچنین برای هر دو نوع سرطان، رده‌‌های با شاخص توده بدنی 9/29–25 و بیشتر از 30 شاخص توده‌ی بدنی به ترتیب احتمال بقای بالاتر و رده‌ی کمتر از 5/18 احتمال بقای پایین‌تری را نشان دادند. در مجموع احتمال بقای بیماران مبتلا به سرطان رکتوم در مقایسه با بیماران مبتلا به سرطان کولون بالاتر بود. نتیجه‌گیری: ارزیابی جداگانه ی کولون و رکتوم، به درک بیشتری از عوامل موثر بر این سرطان‌ها می‌انجامد و می‌تواند در طراحی کارآزمایی‌های بالینی، تشخیص بهتر بیماری و یا تجویز درمان بهینه و اختصاصی کمک نماید

Effects of positioning on patients back pain and comfort after coronary angiography

چکیده: است زمینه و هدف: آنژیوگرافی استاندارد طلایی جهت تشخیص قطعی بیماری های عروق کرونر می باشد. پس از آنژیوگرافی جهت جلوگیری از خونریزی از ناحیه ورود کاتتر، بیمار باید به مدت چند ساعت (8 تا 24 ساعت) استراحت مطلق (در وضعیت خوابیده به پشت) در تخت بماند که با مشکلاتی همچون ایجاد کمردرد و ناراحتی برای بیماران همراه است. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی تأثیر یک روش نوین پوزیشن دهی بر میزان درد و راحتی بیماران بعد از انجام آنژیوگرافی عروق کرونر و میزان بروز عوارض می‌باشد. روش بررسی: این پژوهش یک مطالعه نیمه تجربی می باشد که پس از نمونه گیری به روش در دسترس، نمونه ها (70 نفر) به صورت تصادفی به دو گروه 35 نفره شاهد و آزمون تخصیص داده شدند. گروه آزمون با استفاده از یک روش نوین پوزیشن دهی ترکیبی (متشکل از تغییر پوزیشن همزمان با تغییر زاویه سر تخت و در نهایت خارج کردن زود هنگام بیمار از تخت) و گروه شاهد طبق پروتکل رایج (خوابیده به پشت و سر تخت صاف) پوزیشن داده شدند. شدت درد و میزان راحتی با استفاده از مقیاس های دیداری و میزان خونریزی و هماتوم با استفاده از خط‌کش طراحی شده اندازه‌گیری شدند و داده ها با استفاده از آزمون های آماری t، مجذور کا، آنالیز واریانس یک طرفه، آنالیز واریانس با اندازه های مکرر و آزمون همبستگی تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. یافته ها: بین دو گروه از نظر مشخصات دموگرافیک سابقه انجام آنژیوگرافی، نوع تشخیص بعد از آنژیوگرافی، کمر درد، میزان راحتی و میزان خونریزی در بدو ورود به بخش، اختلاف معنی‌داری وجود نداشت. یافته ها نشان داد شدت درد در ساعت سوم، ششم و هشتم و صبح روز بعد از آنژیوگرافی به میزان معنی‌داری در گروه شاهد بیش از گروه آزمون و میزان راحتی به میزان معنی‌داری در گروه آزمون بیشتر از گروه شاهد می باشد (01/0>p). میزان خونریزی و حجم هماتوم در دو گروه تفاوت معنی‌داری با یکدیگر نداشت (05/