Convulsão Febril em crianças: uma revisão abrangente de diagnóstico, manejo e prognóstico

This Febrile seizure (FC) can be defined as a seizure in children aged between 6 and 60 months, with fever and who do not have intracranial infection, metabolic disorders or a previous history of afebrile seizure. It is the main cause of seizures in children and at least 4% of children in South America will develop it. This literature review searched for studies in the PubMed, Scielo and LILACS databases, using the descriptors "Febrile Seizures" and "febrile convulsion". 1902 studies were obtained, of which 09 were selected because they best addressed the chosen topic and were published in English or Portuguese. A febrile seizure can occur at any time during a febrile illness, but it usually occurs when the child reaches a temperature of over 38ºC. They are classified according to their duration, with those lasting less than 10-15 minutes being considered simple and those lasting longer being considered complex, which are more likely to recur and require hospitalization and the use of medication to control the seizures. The diagnosis is essentially clinical, but laboratory tests should be carried out to determine the cause of the fever and monitor the patient. In addition, imaging tests and electroencephalography should only be carried out in cases of neuronal involvement, which is rare. CF is a very common condition among children and is usually benign, but it causes great anxiety among the caregivers of affected children, and it is the doctor's role to reassure them and clearly explain the good prognosis.La convulsión febril (CF) puede definirse como una convulsión en niños de entre 6 y 60 meses, con fiebre y que no presentan infección intracraneal, trastornos metabólicos ni antecedentes de convulsión febril. Es la principal causa de convulsiones en niños y al menos el 4% de los niños en Sudamérica la desarrollarán. Esta revisión bibliográfica buscó estudios en las bases de datos PubMed, Scielo y LILACS, utilizando los descriptores "Febrile Seizures" y "febrile convulsion". Se obtuvieron 1902 estudios, de los cuales se seleccionaron 09 por ser los que mejor abordaban el tema elegido y estar publicados en inglés o portugués. Una convulsión febril puede ocurrir en cualquier momento durante una enfermedad febril, pero generalmente ocurre cuando el niño alcanza una temperatura superior a 38ºC. Se clasifican según su duración, considerándose simples las que duran menos de 10-15 minutos y complejas las que duran más tiempo, que tienen más probabilidades de repetirse y requieren hospitalización y el uso de medicación para controlar las convulsiones. El diagnóstico es esencialmente clínico, pero deben realizarse pruebas de laboratorio para determinar la causa de la fiebre y vigilar al paciente. Además, las pruebas de imagen y la electroencefalografía sólo deben realizarse en caso de afectación neuronal, que es poco frecuente. La FQ es una enfermedad muy frecuente entre los niños y suele ser benigna, pero causa gran ansiedad entre los cuidadores de los niños afectados, y es función del médico tranquilizarlos y explicarles claramente el buen pronóstico.Convulsão febril (CF) pode ser definida como uma convulsão em crianças com idade entre 6 e 60 meses, com febre e que não apresentam infecção intracraniana, distúrbios metabólicos ou história prévia de convulsão afebril. Ela é a principal causa de convulsão em crianças e pelo menos 4% das crianças da América do Sul a desenvolverão. Nessa revisão de literatura buscaram-se estudos nos bancos de dados do PubMed, Scielo e LILACS. Foram utilizados os descritores “Seizures Febrile” e “convulsão febril”, obtendo-se 1902 estudos, dos quais 09 foram selecionados por abordarem melhor o tema escolhido e serem publicados em inglês ou português. A convulsão febril pode se manifestar a qualquer momento da doença febril, mas ela costuma ocorrer quando a criança atinge temperaturas superiores a 38ºC. Ela é classificada quanto ao tempo de duração, sendo que aquelas com menos de 10-15 minutos são consideradas simples e com mais tempo são as complexas, sendo estas mais prováveis de recorrerem e de necessitarem de internação e do uso de medicamentos para controle das crises. O diagnóstico é essencialmente clínico, mas deve-se realizar exames laboratoriais para definição da causa da febre e acompanhamento do paciente. Além disso, exames de imagem e eletroencefalografia devem ser feitos apenas em casos de comprometimento neuronal, o que é raro. A CF é uma condição muito frequente entre as crianças e que costuma ser benigna, mas que gera grande ansiedade nos cuidadores das crianças que acometidas, sendo papel do médico tranquilizá-los e explicar de forma clara sobre o bom prognóstico.&nbsp

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

Análise do estresse gerado em componentes de prótese fixa implanto-suportada através do uso de extensômetros

O êxito clínico dos implantes osseointegrados é amplamente determi nado, pela maneira como o estresse mecânico é transferido do implante, ao tecido ósseo circundante, sem gerar forças de grande magnitude, o que poderia colocar em risco a longevidade do próprio implante e da restauração protética. Inúmeros aprimoramentos técnicos, assim como desenhos e ligas metálicas alternativas para a confecção de infra-estruturas, têm sido propostos para melhorar os procedimentos protéticos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a distribuição de estresse em componentes de prótese fixa implanto-suportada, através do uso de extensômetros, em função de duas ligas metálicas. Corpos de prova simulando infra-estruturas para uma situação de prótese total fixa mandibular, foram confeccionados em liga de cobalto -cromo e paládio-prata e posicionados sobre um modelo-mestre. Uma carga estática vertical de 100N foi aplicada na extremidade livre, a uma distância de 10, 15 e 20mm para distal do centro do intermediário terminal. Os resultados demonstraram que em grandes extensões de cantilever, a liga de cobalto-cromo apresentou um padrão de distribuição de forças semelhante à liga de paládio-prata com cantilever curto. Independente do local de aplicação da força e da liga utilizada na confecção das infra-estruturas, o intermediário mais próximo do ponto de aplicação da carga foi o que registrou a maior deformação específica. O emprego de uma liga de cobalto-cromo na confecção de infra-estruturas para prótese sobre implantes pode permitir braços de cantilever mais extensos.The clinical success of osseointegrated implants are largely influenced by the manner mechanical stresses are transfered from implant to surrounding bone, without generating forces of a magnitude that would jeopardize the longevity of implant and prosthesis. A variety of technical improvements, as well as alternative framework designs and alloys have been reported to improve prosthetic procedures. The aim of this study was to analyse stress distribution on components of a fixed implant-supported prostheses, fabricated with two metal alloys. The samples simulated a typical mandibular fixed complete -arch framework and were fabricated on cobalt-chromium alloy and palladium-silver alloy and positioned on a master-cast. A vertical estatic load of 100N was applied on the cantilever arm at a distance of 10, 15 and 20mm from the center of distal abutment. Strain gauges were positioned on the mesial and distal aspects of each abutment to capture deformation.The results demonstrated that for large cantilever extensions, the cobalt-chromium alloy presented a pattern of force distribution similar to that observed with palladium-silver alloy with short cantilever. Irrespective of the point of load application and the metal alloy used in the framework construction, the abutment closer to the point of load application registered the highest especific deformation. Using a cobalt-chromium alloy may allow longer cantilever arms

Análise do estresse gerado em componentes de prótese fixa implanto-suportada através do uso de extensômetros

O êxito clínico dos implantes osseointegrados é amplamente determi nado, pela maneira como o estresse mecânico é transferido do implante, ao tecido ósseo circundante, sem gerar forças de grande magnitude, o que poderia colocar em risco a longevidade do próprio implante e da restauração protética. Inúmeros aprimoramentos técnicos, assim como desenhos e ligas metálicas alternativas para a confecção de infra-estruturas, têm sido propostos para melhorar os procedimentos protéticos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a distribuição de estresse em componentes de prótese fixa implanto-suportada, através do uso de extensômetros, em função de duas ligas metálicas. Corpos de prova simulando infra-estruturas para uma situação de prótese total fixa mandibular, foram confeccionados em liga de cobalto -cromo e paládio-prata e posicionados sobre um modelo-mestre. Uma carga estática vertical de 100N foi aplicada na extremidade livre, a uma distância de 10, 15 e 20mm para distal do centro do intermediário terminal. Os resultados demonstraram que em grandes extensões de cantilever, a liga de cobalto-cromo apresentou um padrão de distribuição de forças semelhante à liga de paládio-prata com cantilever curto. Independente do local de aplicação da força e da liga utilizada na confecção das infra-estruturas, o intermediário mais próximo do ponto de aplicação da carga foi o que registrou a maior deformação específica. O emprego de uma liga de cobalto-cromo na confecção de infra-estruturas para prótese sobre implantes pode permitir braços de cantilever mais extensos.The clinical success of osseointegrated implants are largely influenced by the manner mechanical stresses are transfered from implant to surrounding bone, without generating forces of a magnitude that would jeopardize the longevity of implant and prosthesis. A variety of technical improvements, as well as alternative framework designs and alloys have been reported to improve prosthetic procedures. The aim of this study was to analyse stress distribution on components of a fixed implant-supported prostheses, fabricated with two metal alloys. The samples simulated a typical mandibular fixed complete -arch framework and were fabricated on cobalt-chromium alloy and palladium-silver alloy and positioned on a master-cast. A vertical estatic load of 100N was applied on the cantilever arm at a distance of 10, 15 and 20mm from the center of distal abutment. Strain gauges were positioned on the mesial and distal aspects of each abutment to capture deformation.The results demonstrated that for large cantilever extensions, the cobalt-chromium alloy presented a pattern of force distribution similar to that observed with palladium-silver alloy with short cantilever. Irrespective of the point of load application and the metal alloy used in the framework construction, the abutment closer to the point of load application registered the highest especific deformation. Using a cobalt-chromium alloy may allow longer cantilever arms

Journal of Applied Oral Science

p.566-571OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the contact of two lipsticks, one with common fixer and one with ultra fixer, on the color of a composite resin immediately, 30 min and 24 h after photoactivation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ninety specimens were prepared with a composite resin, Filtek-Z350. Specimens were polished and divided into 9 groups (n=10) according to time elapsed after photoactivation (A- immediately; B- 30 min; C- 24 h) and the contact with lipstick (UF- lipstick with ultra fixer; F- lipstick with common fixer). The control group was represented by specimens that did not have any contact with lipstick (C- without lipstick). Color measurements of the specimens were carried out using a spectrophotometer (Easyshade - CIE L* a* b* system). For UF and F groups, the baseline color of the specimens was measured immediately before pigmentation and the lipsticks were applied dry after 1 hour. The excess lipstick was removed with absorbent paper and final color checking was performed, including the control group. Differences between the final and baseline color measurements were calculated and data were analyzed statistically by the Kruskal-Wallis test at 5%. RESULTS: The means between the differences of color values were: AUF: 16.0; AF: 12.4; AC: 1.07; BUF: 9.51; BF: 8.3; BC: 0.91; CUF: 17.7; CF: 12.41; CC: 0.82. CONCLUSION: Groups where lipstick was applied showed greater staining than the control group at the three evaluation times. The lipstick with ultra fixer stained more than the lipstick with common fixer. Time elapsed between photoactivation and contact with lipstick had a similar influence on the groups that received lipstick application