Inference of DDoS Mitigation Rules

Táto práca sa zaoberá DDoS útokmi, ich typmi a spôsobmi ich potláčania. Cieľom práce je navrhnúť a implementovať algoritmus, ktorý by bol schopný odvodiť pravidlá pre blokovanie DDoS útoku. Pre túto úlohu bol zvolený algoritmus strojového učenia, rozhodovací strom, ktorý sa spustí pri detekcií útoku. Pracuje so vzorkou dát zachytených pri útoku a vzorkou legitímnej komunikácie. Súčasťou práce je taktiež opis formátu BPF a prehľad vykonaných experimentov. This thesis focuses on DDoS attacks, their types and means of their mitigation. The aim of the thesis is to design and implement an algorithm which would be able to derive rules to block DDoS attacks. For this, we chose the algorithm of machine learning, a decision tree, which starts operating as soon as the attack is detected. The algorithm operates with a sample of data detected during the attack, and with a sample of legitimate communication. A part of this thesis is also a description of a BPF format and an overview of executed experiments.

Interplay of nematic and magnetic orders in FeSe under pressure

We offer an explanation for the recently observed pressure-induced magnetic state in the iron-chalcogenide FeSe based on \textit{ab initio} estimates for the pressure evolution of the most important Coulomb interaction parameters. We find that an increase of pressure leads to an overall decrease mostly in the nearest-neighbor Coulomb repulsion, which in turn leads to a reduction of the nematic order and the generation of magnetic stripe order. We treat the concomitant effects of band renormalization and the induced interplay of nematic and magnetic order in a self-consistent way and determine the generic topology of the temperature-pressure phase diagram, and find qualitative agreement with the experimentally determined phase diagram.Comment: 13 pages, 6 fig

Use of the Plate-Waste Method to Measure Food Intake in Children

Childhood overweight is increasing in the U.S. and is often associated with excess food intake. Because children consume at least one meal in school approximately half the days each year, it is important to develop accurate and cost-effective methods to measure food intake in schools. We compared the aggregated plate waste method with actual weighed food measurements. The aggregated plate waste measurements were similar to the energy and macronutrient intake determined by weighed food measurements. The plate waste methodology is a simple and accurate method that can be implemented by Extension professionals and teachers to assess children\u27s energy intake

Inference of DDoS Mitigation Rules

This thesis focuses on DDoS attacks, their types and means of their mitigation. The aim of the thesis is to design and implement an algorithm which would be able to derive rules to block DDoS attacks. For this, we chose the algorithm of machine learning, a decision tree, which starts operating as soon as the attack is detected. The algorithm operates with a sample of data detected during the attack, and with a sample of legitimate communication. A part of this thesis is also a description of a BPF format and an overview of executed experiments

p38 MAPK activation and H3K4 trimethylation is decreased by lactate in vitro and high intensity resistance training in human skeletal muscle.

Exercise induces adaptation of skeletal muscle by acutely modulating intracellular signaling, gene expression, protein turnover and myogenic activation of skeletal muscle stem cells (Satellite cells, SCs). Lactate (La)-induced metabolic stimulation alone has been shown to modify SC proliferation and differentiation. Although the mechanistic basis remains elusive, it was demonstrated that La affects signaling via p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) which might contribute to trimethylation of histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4me3) known to regulate satellite cell proliferation and differentiation. We investigated the effects of La on p38 MAPK and H3K4me3 in a model of activated SCs. Differentiating C2C12 myoblasts were treated with La (20 mM) and samples analysed using qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence, and western blotting. We determined a reduction of p38 MAPK phosphorylation, decreased H3K4me3 and reduced expression of Myf5, myogenin, and myosin heavy chain (MHC) leading to decreased differentiation of La-treated C2C12 cells after 5 days of repeated La treatment. We further investigated whether this regulatory pathway would be affected in human skeletal muscle by the application of two different resistance exercise regimes (RE) associated with distinct metabolic demands and blood La accumulation. Muscle biopsies were obtained 15, 30 min, 1, 4, and 24 h post exercise after moderate intensity RE (STD) vs. high intensity RE (HIT). Consistent with in vitro results, reduced p38 phosphorylation and blunted H3K4me3 were also observed upon metabolically demanding HIT RE in human skeletal muscle. Our data provide evidence that La-accumulation acutely affects p38 MAPK signaling, gene expression and thereby cell differentiation and adaptation in vitro, and likely in vivo

Reading on the Go: An Evaluation of Three Mobile Display Technologies

As mobile technology becomes a more integral part of our everyday lives, understanding the impact of different displays on perceived ease of use and overall performance is becoming increasingly important. In this paper, we evaluate three mobile displays: the MicroOptical SV-3, the Sony Librie, and the OQO Model 01. These displays each use different underlying technologies and offer unique features which could impact mobile use. The OQO is a hand-held device that utilizes a traditional transflective liquid crystal display (LCD). The MicroOptical SV-3 is a head-mounted display that uses a miniature LCD and offers hands free use. Finally, the Librie uses a novel, low power reflective electronic ink technology. We present a controlled 15-participant evaluation to assess the effectiveness of using these displays for reading while in motion

Acute effects of 20 mM La DM incubation on p38 MAPK signaling in differentiating C2C12 myoblasts.

<p><b>A</b> Representative western blots of C2C12 cell lysates after up to 24 h of incubation with 0 or 20 mM La DM. <b>B</b> Quantification of WBs for p-p38 MAPK at T180 and Y182 (p-p38) revealed increased p-p38 following 0 mM La DM treatment for up to 4 h but unchanged levels in 20 mM La DM condition. <b>C</b> Quantification of H3K4 in the trimethylated state (H3K4me3) showed a pattern similar to p-p38 with a pronounced increase in control samples (0 mM La DM) within 4 h. Treatment with 20 mM La DM did not alter H3K4me3 levels within 4 h, but after 24 h H3K4me3 was not detectable. <b>D</b> Representative pictures of C2C12 cells after 15 min of incubation with 0 or 20 mM La DM followed by IF staining for H3K4me3 (green) and DAPI (blue). <b>E</b> Quantification of H3K4me3 staining intensity in C2C12 cells showed decreased levels already after 15 min in 20 mM La DM conditions compared to 0mM treated cells. * indicates statistical significance, i.e. p < 0.05.</p

p38 MAPK activation and H3K4 trimethylation is decreased by lactate <i>in vitro</i> and high intensity resistance training in human skeletal muscle

<div><p>Exercise induces adaptation of skeletal muscle by acutely modulating intracellular signaling, gene expression, protein turnover and myogenic activation of skeletal muscle stem cells (Satellite cells, SCs). Lactate (La)-induced metabolic stimulation alone has been shown to modify SC proliferation and differentiation. Although the mechanistic basis remains elusive, it was demonstrated that La affects signaling via p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) which might contribute to trimethylation of histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4me3) known to regulate satellite cell proliferation and differentiation. We investigated the effects of La on p38 MAPK and H3K4me3 in a model of activated SCs. Differentiating C2C12 myoblasts were treated with La (20 mM) and samples analysed using qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence, and western blotting. We determined a reduction of p38 MAPK phosphorylation, decreased H3K4me3 and reduced expression of Myf5, myogenin, and myosin heavy chain (MHC) leading to decreased differentiation of La-treated C2C12 cells after 5 days of repeated La treatment. We further investigated whether this regulatory pathway would be affected in human skeletal muscle by the application of two different resistance exercise regimes (RE) associated with distinct metabolic demands and blood La accumulation. Muscle biopsies were obtained 15, 30 min, 1, 4, and 24 h post exercise after moderate intensity RE (STD) vs. high intensity RE (HIT). Consistent with <i>in vitro</i> results, reduced p38 phosphorylation and blunted H3K4me3 were also observed upon metabolically demanding HIT RE in human skeletal muscle. Our data provide evidence that La-accumulation acutely affects p38 MAPK signaling, gene expression and thereby cell differentiation and adaptation <i>in vitro</i>, and likely <i>in vivo</i>.</p></div

Blood lactate levels in subjects of STD and HIT RE groups before and in the early time course after a single session of resistance exercise.

<p>Blood lactate levels in subjects of STD and HIT RE groups before and in the early time course after a single session of resistance exercise.</p

Acute effects of 2 h of 20 mM La DM incubation on muscle-specific gene expression in differentiating C2C12 myoblasts.

<p><b>A</b> Expression of Myf5 did not change under control conditions but 20 mM La DM reduced Myf5 expression significantly. <b>B</b> Expression of myogenin was induced by control DM but 20 mM La inhibited an increase. <b>C</b> MHC1 expression was also induced by control DM. This effect was abolished by the addition of 20 mM La. <b>D</b> MHC2 expression remained unaffected by 20 mM La treatment. * indicates statistical significance, i.e. p < 0.05.</p