Solar Enablement Initiative in Australia: Report on Efficiently Identifying Critical Cases for Evaluating the Voltage Impact of Large PV Investment

The increasing quantity of PV generation connected to distribution networks is creating challenges in maintaining and controlling voltages in those distribution networks. Determining the maximum hosting capacity for new PV installations based on the historical data is an essential task for distribution networks. Analyzing all historical data in large distribution networks is impractical. Therefore, this paper focuses on how to time efficiently identify the critical cases for evaluating the voltage impacts of the new large PV applications in medium voltage (MV) distribution networks. A systematic approach is proposed to cluster medium voltage nodes based on electrical adjacency and time blocks. MV nodes are clustered along with the voltage magnitudes and time blocks. Critical cases of each cluster can be used for further power flow study. This method is scalable and can time efficiently identify cases for evaluating PV investment on medium voltage networks

The potential for scotch malt whisky flavour diversification by yeast

Scotch Whisky, a product of high importance to Scotland, has gained global approval for its distinctive qualities derived from the traditional production process which is defined in law. However, ongoing research continuously enhances Scotch Whisky production and is fostering a diversification of flavour profiles. To be classified as Scotch Whisky, the final spirit needs to retain the aroma and taste of “Scotch”. While each production step contributes significantly to whisky flavour—from malt preparation and mashing to fermentation, distillation, and maturation—the impact of yeast during fermentation is crucially important. Not only does the yeast convert the sugar to alcohol, it also produces important volatile compounds, for example esters and higher alcohols, that contribute to the final flavour profile of whisky. The yeast chosen for whisky fermentations can significantly influence whisky flavour, so the yeast strain employed is of high importance. This review explores the role of yeast in Scotch Whisky production and its influence on flavour diversification. Furthermore, an extensive examination of non-conventional yeasts employed in brewing and winemaking is undertaken to assess their potential suitability for adoption as Scotch Whisky yeast strains, followed by a review of methods for evaluating new yeast strains

Immigrant Social-Economic Landscape Changes and Ethno-Racial Border Formation in Columbus, Ohio

In this study we analyze new immigrant gateways in the U.S. and the role African and Latino immigrants play in reinventing urban spaces while culturally and economically regenerating neighborhoods juxtaposed to orthodox city planning practices. Through this research we aim to further understand how urban space is produced at divergent scales in the era of heightened globalization. Through this understanding we analyze how the contestation over how urban space is used and consumed leads to distinctive forms in the production of urban space and the subsequent unintended formation of newly perceived cultural borders, often based upon race and ethnicity. Through our analysis we theorize who defines what the city means, and who is allowed to make decisions about how social economic space is produced and consumed in the city along the lines of border construction

Immigrant Social-Economic Landscape Changes and Ethno-Racial Border Formation in Columbus, Ohio

In this study we analyze new immigrant gateways in the U.S. and the role African and Latino immigrants play in reinventing urban spaces while culturally and economically regenerating neighborhoods juxtaposed to orthodox city planning practices. Through this research we aim to further understand how urban space is produced at divergent scales in the era of heightened globalization. Through this understanding we analyze how the contestation over how urban space is used and consumed leads to distinctive forms in the production of urban space and the subsequent unintended formation of newly perceived cultural borders, often based upon race and ethnicity. Through our analysis we theorize who defines what the city means, and who is allowed to make decisions about how social economic space is produced and consumed in the city along the lines of border construction

Anomalous aspects of magnetosheath flow and of the shape and oscillations of the magnetopause during an interval of strongly northward interplanetary magnetic field

On 15 Feb. 1978, the orientation of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) remained steadily northward for more than 12 hours. The ISEE 1 and 2 spacecraft were located near apogee on the dawn side flank of the magnetotail. IMP 8 was almost symmetrically located in the magnetosheath on the dusk flank and IMP 7 was upstream in the solar wind. Using plasma and magnetic field data, we show the following: (1) the magnetosheath flow speed on the flanks of the magnetotail steadily exceeded the solar wind speed by 20 percent; (2) surface waves with approximately a 5-min period and very non-sinusoidal waveform were persistently present on the dawn magnetopause and waves of similar period were present in the dusk magnetosheath; and (3) the magnetotail ceased to flare at an antisunward distance of 15 R(sub E). We propose that the acceleration of the magnetosheath flow is achieved by magnetic tension in the draped field configuration for northward IMF and that the reduction of tail flaring is consistent with a decreased amount of open magnetic flux and a larger standoff distance of the subsolar magnetopause. Results of a three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulation support this phenomenological model

Post-trauma response in children and adolescents: prevalence of acute stress symptoms and how these predict chronic post-traumatic stress

A significant minority of children and adolescents experience symptoms of acute stress following exposure to a traumatic event, some of whom will meet criteria for Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) within the first month post-trauma. Current estimates of ASD prevalence vary greatly. In order to reach a more reliable estimate, a meta-analysis of ASD prevalence was conducted which comprised of 17 studies. The impact of moderators, including trauma type and method by which ASD was assessed, provided significant. Results are discussed within the context of the relatively small number of studies that met inclusion criteria, high levels of heterogeneity, and risk of bias. Many children and adolescents who have ASD will experience a period of natural recovery in the months that follow. However, previous research has identified that for a minority of youth, ASD symptoms will remain persistent beyond the first month; meeting criteria for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The trajectory to either recovery or PTSD in youth who met criteria for ASD was explored, based upon their initial symptom profile. Of youth who met full ASD criteria, sleeping difficulties in the acute phase were associated with later PTSD. However, when using subthreshold ASD criteria, two additional symptoms showed an association. These findings are discussed with relation to the screening and assessment of children and adolescents, as well as early selective interventions, following exposure to a traumatic event

Geochemical processes associated with ‘marine band’ formation in the Lower Carboniferous Bowland Shale Formation, Northern England

Ph. D. thesis.Natural gas is needed and used by the global population to minimise our reliance on coal powered electricity generation. Gas is also used to manufacture hydrocarbon-based products such as fertilizers, fabrics and pharmaceuticals. Gas can be extracted from low permeability “unconventional” systems, where laterally extensive beds enriched in hydrocarbons (“sweet spots”) are targeted for hydraulic fracturing. Mudstone dominated formations require complex techniques such as geochemistry to identify sweet spots. This study investigates the recent unconventional target, the Bowland Shale Formation in the Bowland Basin, Lancashire (UK), as a case study and as a promising target for gas production. As a case study, we use the Bowland Shale Formation to investigate the applicability of outcrop organic geochemistry to exploration (Chapter 4). The Bowland Shale Formation is also used as a case study to investigate key stratigraphic boundaries (e.g. highstands) that are globally recognised hydrocarbon targets and are used for targeting directional drilling (Chapter 5). As a target for natural gas, the palaeoceanography of the Bowland Shale Formation in the Bowland Basin is investigated to interpret organic matter burial, spatially across the basin (Chapter 6), and to select a suitable analogue (Chapter 7). This requires a multi-disciplinary approach using geochemistry (X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, RockEval pyrolysis, molecular analysis and organic carbon isotopic analysis); sedimentology (logging and scanning electron microscopy); biostratigraphy and computational statistical modelling. We find that outcrop-derived total organic carbon and extractable organic matter contents are not representative of subsurface exploration cores from the same formation; X-ray fluorescence (redox sensitive Mo and U) and RockEval pyrolysis (oil saturation index) can be used to identify highstands; the Upper Mississippian Bowland Basin was anoxic in the centre as well as at the basin margin and that the Barnett Shale is a suitable palaeoceanographic analogue to the Upper Mississippian Bowland Shale Formation.(NERC Centre for Doctoral Training Oil and Gas scheme), the British Geological Survey (British Geological Survey Funding Initiative) and Newcastle Universit