Relationship between urinary calcium and calcium intake during calcitriol administration

Relationship between urinary calcium and calcium intake during calcitriol administration. The hypercalciuria that occurs when 1,25(OH)2D3 (calcitriol) is given to humans with normal renal function depends on dietary Ca absorption and may also relate, in part, to enhanced bone resorption. To evaluate the relationship between urinary and dietary Ca during treatment with calcitriol, 12 metabolic balance studies were performed in normal volunteers ingesting a diet containing 350 mg/day of Ca, to which Ca gluconate was added. After 10 days on either 350 mg/day or 1550 mg/day of Ca, calcitriol, 0.5 µg every 12hr, was given. Then diet Ca was changed in successive 5-day treatment periods from 350 to 650, 950 and 1550 mg/day (group A) or from 1550 to 950, 650 and 350 mg/day (group B). On the lowest diet Ca, urinary Ca was less than Ca intake during calcitriol treatment (group A, 220 ± 50 mg/day; group B, 247 ± 40). As diet Ca was changed during calcitriol treatment, urinary Ca correlated with diet Ca (r = 0.60) until diet Ca reached 950 mg/day. With calcitriol, serum iPTH fell by 18 to 25% (P < 0.01) and urinary hydroxyproline fell by 11 to 19% (P < 0.05 to 0.01). Baseline serum levels of 1,25(OH)2D were 47 ± 8 and 34 ± 5 pg/ml in group A and B, respectively, and the values increased to 51 ± 12 and 45 ±7.4 pg/ml during treatment with calcitriol. Serum Ca from fasted subjects was not affected by calcitriol, but the mean postabsorptive serum Ca (noon) was increased by 0.35 mg/dl. Although urine Ca/creatinine from fasted subjects increased with calcitriol treatment, the values varied directly with the 24-hr urine Ca and inversely with serum iPTH levels. Thus, dietary Ca is the major determinant of urinary Ca during treatment with calcitriol, and the latter may decrease dietary Ca requirements. There was no evidence for an increased bone resorption. The reduction of hydroxyproline excretion suggests that bone resorption was initially depressed, perhaps due to iPTH suppression. The data also suggest that urine Ca/creatinine after fasting for 12 hr is influenced by previous dietary Ca intake or intestinal Ca absorption, perhaps related to changing iPTH levels

Launching an Accelerated Online MBA Program: Assuring Quality with Scale, Based on Principles of Effective Course Design

This paper describes the challenges and advancements encountered by graduate faculty at a Midwestern public university as it transitioned to offering an accelerated MBA program with online, hybrid, and traditional courses, while experiencing 520% (from 100 to 620 students) growth over 24 months. Faculty consulted a ten-principle framework of course design to develop new courses for MBA concentrations and adjust teaching methods, assignment structures, student interactions, and teaching assistant integration to deliver a cutting-edge program in a competitive market. Case studies in deploying experiential learning in a fast-paced, large online classroom environment are discussed for three MBA courses

Talk nerdy to me: The role of intellectual stimulation in the supervisor-employee relationship.

This study investigates (1) if communication with one\u27s supervisor is related to empowerment through establishing perceptions of leader integrity, and (2) the extent to which the relationship between leader integrity and empowerment is moderated by intellectual stimulation. Due to the dynamic nature of today\u27s organizational environment, understanding the nuances among these variables is vital to effective performance at the individual and organizational level. Hierarchical multiple regression tests were performed with a sample of 259 nurses in two regional healthcare facilities in the Midwestern United States. The results support a moderated-mediation relationship such that open communication with one\u27s supervisor is positively related to empowerment through perceptions of leader integrity, but the relationship between leader integrity and empowerment varies across levels of intellectual stimulation. Specifically, while supervisor integrity mediates the relationship between patient safety communication and empowerment, this mediated relationship is only significant for followers who experience high intellectual stimulation, and is not significant for followers who report low intellectual stimulation. Thus, open communication and leader integrity will only empower followers if the leader is intellectually stimulating. This research clarifies how leaders in health care environments should communicate with their followers to empower them to think and act by their own initiative. Specifically, followers who communicate openly with their supervisor will feel more empowered, but only if they experience high intellectual stimulation which can improve their job performance and patient safety overall

From the follower\u27s viewpoint: A configural approach to the ideal academic leader.

These studies examine the context-specific differences in implicit leadership theory (ILT)—based conceptualizations (i.e., perceptual configurations) of the ideal academic leader in two contexts: private and public universities. Specifically, the authors measured the perceived importance of leadership abilities and traits among university faculty followers (i.e., non—department heads and non-deans) to reveal the ILTs of academic followers and how the ILTs influence these faculty perceptions depending on university context (i.e., private vs. public university context). The studies were conducted within academic business units, and they examined the faculties’ conceptualizations of the ideal academic leader (e.g., department head or dean) among more than 500 business school members from more than 220 universities. Conceptualizations of the ideal academic leader varied substantially across private and public contexts, indicating that the leadership characteristics desired by faculty followers are context specific. Implications of the findings and directions for future research are discussed