Incremental cost-effectiveness analysis of gestational diabetes mellitus screening strategies in Singapore

10.1177/1010539515612908Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health28115-25GUSTO (Growing up towards Healthy Outcomes

Ireland’s Emerging Cyber Crisis: An Online Decentralized Movement for Nationalist Violence and Anti-Immigration/Muslim Attacks

In recent years, Ireland has seen an influx of immigrants and refugees during an ongoing housing crisis fueled by labor shortages. The majority of those affected by the housing crisis are Irish nationals. A campaign of real-world mobillizations has arisen in wake of the refugee and housing crisis, with hundreds of protests in Ireland between November 2022 and April 2023. Migrants are being physcially assaulted, demonstrating the movement’s potential for violence. In the Cyber-social domain these mobilizations are rapidly spurring a decentralized social movement which uses hashtags such as #Irelandisfull, and references Ireland along with white identitarian/supremacy terms and the Great Replacement conspiracy. These terms have nearly doubled since November of 2022 and Ireland now appears as an emerging online flashpoint for global ethnic nationalist movements. Along with these terms, NCRI notes surges in inflammatory generalizations about immigrants, and misrepresent immigrants as collectively dangerous, despite no significant correlation between the arrival of migrants and crime rates in Ireland. Complete with cartoonish and violent memes on subcultural forums and White genocide conspiracy theories, NCRI assesses that should this online, ultra-nationalist, anti-immigrant movement continue growing in its current trajectory, Ireland will face dramatic increases in anti-immigrant and anti-democratic mobiliizations and violenc

Exploring the evidence base for national and regional policy interventions to combat resistance

The effectiveness of existing policies to control antimicrobial resistance is not yet fully understood. A strengthened evidence base is needed to inform effective policy interventions across countries with different income levels and the human health and animal sectors. We examine three policy domains—responsible use, surveillance, and infection prevention and control—and consider which will be the most effective at national and regional levels. Many complexities exist in the implementation of such policies across sectors and in varying political and regulatory environments. Therefore, we make recommendations for policy action, calling for comprehensive policy assessments, using standardised frameworks, of cost-effectiveness and generalisability. Such assessments are especially important in low-income and middle-income countries, and in the animal and environmental sectors. We also advocate a One Health approach that will enable the development of sensitive policies, accommodating the needs of each sector involved, and addressing concerns of specific countries and regions

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Particulate Matter Health Effects Research Centers Program: a midcourse report of status, progress, and plans.

In 1998 Congress mandated expanded U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) health effects research on ambient air particulate matter (PM) and a National Research Council (NRC) committee to provide research oversight. The U.S. EPA currently supports intramural and extramural PM research, including five academically based PM centers. The PM centers in their first 2.5 years have initiated research directed at critical issues identified by the NRC committee, including collaborative activities, and sponsored scientific workshops in key research areas. Through these activities, there is a better understanding of PM health effects and scientific uncertainties. Future PM centers research will focus on long-term effects associated with chronic PM exposures. This report provides a synopsis of accomplishments to date, short-term goals (during the next 2.5 years) and longer-term goals. It consists of six sections: biological mechanisms, acute effects, chronic effects, dosimetry, exposure assessment, and the specific attributes of a coordinated PM centers program

Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science (CEERS) survey: The colour evolution of galaxies in the distant Universe

The wavelength-coverage and sensitivity of JWST now enables us to probe the rest-frame UV - optical spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of galaxies at high-redshift ($z>4$). From these SEDs it is, in principle, through SED fitting possible to infer key physical properties, including stellar masses, star formation rates, and dust attenuation. These in turn can be compared with the predictions of galaxy formation simulations allowing us to validate and refine the incorporated physics. However, the inference of physical properties, particularly from photometry alone, can lead to large uncertainties and potential biases. Instead, it is now possible, and common, for simulations to be \emph{forward-modelled} to yield synthetic observations that can be compared directly to real observations. In this work, we measure the JWST broadband fluxes and colours of a robust sample of $5<z<10$ galaxies using the Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science (CEERS) Survey. We then analyse predictions from a variety of models using the same methodology and compare the NIRCam/F277W magnitude distribution and NIRCam colours with observations. We find that the predicted and observed magnitude distributions are similar, at least at $58$ the distributions differ somewhat, though our observed sample size is small and thus susceptible to statistical fluctuations. Likewise, the predicted and observed colour evolution show broad agreement, at least at $5<z<8$. There is however some disagreement between the observed and modelled strength of the strong line contribution. In particular all the models fails to reproduce the F410M-F444W colour at $z>8$, though, again, the sample size is small here.Comment: 11 pages, 10 figures, submitted to MNRA

Innovation and Access to Medicines for Neglected Populations: Could a Treaty Address a Broken Pharmaceutical R&D System?

As part of a cluster of articles leading up to the 2012 World Health Report and critically reflecting on the theme of “no health without research,” Suerie Moon and colleagues argue for a global health R&D treaty to improve innovation in new medicines and strengthening affordability, sustainable financing, efficiency in innovation, and equitable health-centered governance

Synergies Between Galaxy Surveys and Reionization Measurements

The epoch of reionization is one of the most exciting frontiers in astrophysics. Here we describe how the combination of galaxy surveys and direct 21-cm measurements of reionization can illuminate numerous mysteries of this fascinating era. <p/