Orientação para alunos DO Ensino Médio frente às crises emocionais e o bullying no espaço escolar

This article seeks to discuss the Educational Guidance for adolescents on emotional crises, bullying and Human Rights Education. The epistemological option to approach the present theme comes from a concern that involves intellectual perception, as well as the synesthetic experience in the labor field. The central objective is limited by analyzing how the Educational Counselor can assist in health and stress prevention among high school adolescents.This investigation is based on the qualitative approach, comprising the different interpretative techniques, relativistic assumptions and verbal representation of data. The research field takes place in a State College. of Three Rivers, (Brazil).The research subjects were 30 students with ages ranging from 14 to 19 years, regularly enrolled and attending high school attended by the Educational Guidance, between 2018-2019, who presented the picture of emotional crises. Data collection was done through: observation and interviews. Data analysis occurred according to Minayo (2003, p. 74) who advocates for manifest content.The ethical aspects of the research met the assumptions of resolution 196/96 of the National Health Council. Result: It is concluded that the work of the EO at school is fundamental in welcoming students in emotional crises, since it can identify and prevent and refer them to the mental health service, thus maintaining a connection with the health centers in the city. of stressor prevention.El presente artículo busca discutir la Orientación Educativa para adolescentes, crisis emocionales, intimidación y educación en derechos humanos. La opción epistemológica para abordar el tema actual proviene de una preocupación que involucra la percepción intelectual, así como la experiencia de sinestesia en el campo laboral. El objetivo central está limitado al analizar cómo el Consejero Educativo puede ayudar en la salud y la prevención del estrés entre los adolescentes de secundaria. Esta investigación se basa en el enfoque cualitativo, que comprende las diferentes técnicas interpretativas, los supuestos relativistas y la representación verbal de los datos. El campo de investigación se lleva a cabo en una universidad estatal. de los Tres Ríos, (Brasil). Los sujetos de investigación fueron 30 estudiantes con edades comprendidas entre 14 y 19 años, matriculados regularmente y asistiendo a la escuela secundaria a la que asistió la Orientación Educativa, entre 2018-2019, que presentaron la imagen de las crisis emocionales. La recolección de datos se realizó mediante: observación y entrevistas. El análisis de los datos se realizó de acuerdo con Minayo (2003, p. 74) que defiende el contenido manifiesto. Los aspectos éticos de la investigación cumplieron con los supuestos de la resolución 196/96 del Consejo Nacional de Salud. Resultado: se concluye que el trabajo del EO en la escuela es fundamental para dar la bienvenida a los estudiantes en crisis emocionales, ya que puede identificarlos, prevenirlos y derivarlos al servicio de salud mental, manteniendo así una conexión con los centros de salud de la ciudad. de prevención del estrés.O presente artigo busca dialogar sobre a Orientação Educacional para adolescentes sobre as crises emocionais, bullying e  Educação em Direitos Humanos. A opção epistemológica por abordar a presente temática advém de uma preocupação que envolve a percepção intelectual, como também, a experiência sinestésica no campo laboral. O objetivo central se delimita ao analisar como o Orientador Educacional pode auxiliar na saúde e na prevenção de estresse entre adolescentes do ensino médio. Esta investigação está alicerçada na abordagem qualitativa, compreendendo as diferentes técnicas interpretativas, pressupostos relativistas e representação verbal de dados. O campo de investigação se dá em um Colégio Estadual, de Três Rios (Brasil). Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram 30 alunos com idades variantes entre 14 e 19 anos, regularmente matriculados e freqüentando o Ensino Médio da instituição, atendidos pela Orientação Educacional, entre os anos de 2018-2019, que apresentaram o quadro de crises emocionais. A coleta de dados foi feita através de: observação e entrevistas. A análise de dados ocorreu de acordo com Minayo (2003, p. 74) que preconiza para o conteúdo manifesto. Os aspectos éticos da pesquisa atenderam aos pressupostos da resolução 196/96 do Conselho Nacional de Saúde. Resultado: Conclui-se que o trabalho do OE na escola é fundamental no acolhimento dos alunos nas crises emocionais, uma vez que pode identificar e prevenir e encaminhá-los para o serviço de saúde mental, dessa forma mantém uma conexão com os centros sanitários na de prevenção dos fatores estressores

A utilidade da informação contabilística na gestão das instituições de ensino superior em Portugal : o caso do Instituto Politécnico de Leiria

O regime jurídico das instituições de ensino superior (IES) em Portugal, consagrado desde 2007, confere-lhes autonomia patrimonial, administrativa e financeira face ao Estado, sem prejuízo da ação fiscalizadora da tutela e do Governo; em favor da transparência, cabe-lhes o dever de informação ao Estado como garantia de estabilidade orçamental, bem como o dever de informação interna e à comunidade, de forma acessível e rigorosa, sobre a sua situação financeira. Portanto, os órgãos de gestão administrativa e financeira das IES portuguesas suportam muitas das suas decisões, em regra, na informação preparada e submetida às entidades de supervisão. Questiona-se, pois, qual a perceção da utilidade da informação contabilística no apoio à tomada de decisão, designadamente quando assume maior relevância em conjunturas de recessão financeira e de austeridade socioeconómica como aquela que assola os países do sul da Europa. No caso do Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, na perspetiva da sua direção de serviços financeiros, a utilidade da contabilidade no processo de decisão revela-se essencial pois proporciona informação integrada em vários níveis: execução orçamental, sustentabilidade patrimonial e financeira, controlo de tesouraria e afetação dos gastos e rendimentos por centros de responsabilidade. Este artigo, de índole profissional, partilha a experiência de quem trabalha na Direção de Serviços Financeiros, na dependência do Conselho de Gestão, de uma instituição de ensino superior com cerca de 12.000 alunos e 1.300 colaboradores: o Instituto Politécnico de Leiria. Em conclusão, suscita tópicos para discussão, aponta implicações da situação atual e perspetivas de pesquisa futura

Effects of kaolin particle films on the life span of an orb-weaver spider

Araniella cucurbitina (Araneae: Araneidae) is a widespread orb-weaver spider commonly found in agroecosystems. Mineral particle films such as kaolin, due to their protective or anti-feeding action, can represent an alternative to pesticides, especially in organic farming systems, but little is known about its effects on A. cucurbitina. Therefore, we tested the effect of kaolin sprays on the life span of A. cucurbitina under laboratory conditions. Four treatments were tested encompassing different exposure routes. Thus, kaolin sprays were applied on (i) the surface, (ii) the prey (fly), (iii) the spider and (iv) both spider & prey. A control group was tested with water in each treatment. Results showed that sprays of kaolin significantly affected the survival of A. curcubitina when applications were done on the surface and on both spider & prey registering a reduction of 48% and 56%, respectively. Spiders in control obtained higher probability of reaching alive at the end of the assay than those treated with kaolin. Differences observed can be explained by the feeding behavior of the species and may depend on the consumption of the web by the spider and the ratio spider/fly for body size.This study was financially supported by FEDER Funds throughout Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade e COMPETE and National Funds throughout FCT e Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, within the project EXCL/AGR-PRO/0591/2012: Olive crop protection in sustainable production under global climatic changes: linking ecological infrastructures to ecosystem functions (Grant number: 130390)

Distribution of Bactrocera oleae (Rossi, 1790) throughout the Iberian Peninsula based on a maximum entropy modelling approach

The Iberian Peninsula (Portugal and Spain) is a great production area of olives. The fruit production can be severely affected by the olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Rossi, 1790) (Diptera). Detailed geographical distribution maps of key pests, such as B. oleae, are essential for their integrated management. Although different sources reporting the occurrence of B. oleae are available for sub-regions of Portugal and Spain, the data available are dispersed and centralisation of this information considering the Iberian Peninsula as a faunistic geographical unit is currently lacking. In this work, we built two distribution maps of B. oleae throughout the Iberian Peninsula, one based on occurrence sites and another based on its bioclimatic habitat suitability. After modelling the bioclimatic suitability of B. oleae using a maximum entropy model, three potential distribution areas beyond the previously known occurrence range of the olive fruit fly were identified corresponding to the autonomous community of Galicia (Spain), the Spanish and Portuguese sides of the International Douro Natural Park, and the autonomous community of Castilla y León (Spain). Interestingly, each region houses nowadays autochthonous olive cultivars. The drivers that most contributed to the model were the precipitation of the coldest quarter and the precipitation of driest month which agrees with the B. oleae bioecology. Although our approach is not fully-comprehensive in terms of occurrence sites, we show how a maxent modelling approach can be useful to identify potential risk areas of B. oleae occurrence throughout a target geographical extent such as the Iberian Peninsula.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Influence of landscape features and management practices in olive groves for optimized pest control

Trabalho apresentado em XI European Congress Of Entomology, 2-6 July 2018, Nápoles, Itália.N/

Spiders actively choose and feed on nutritious non-prey food resources

Spiders are generalist predators adapted to consume a wide range of prey although their ability to exploit non-prey foods such as pollen, nectar, and honeydew has been referred but less studied. In this work, we investigated the effect of different non-prey food items (Glucose at 0.5 M; aphid honeydew; black scale honeydew; a mixture of glucose 0.5 M, phenylalanine 0.1 mM, proline 0.1 mM, and tryptophan 0.1 mM; honey at 10%, and pollen at 10%) on the survival of immature spiders of two functional groups represented by Haplodrassus rufipes (ground hunters) and Synema globosum (ambushers), and their feeding choices, in laboratory experiments. The overall survival of both species fed on non-prey foods significantly increased compared to individuals fed on water. The black-scale honeydew was the best food for H. rufipes increasing longevity up to 117 days. The highest survival reached by S. globosum was observed when fed on a mixture of glucose 0.5 M and three amino acids. When different non-prey food items were offered together, the exploring rate was significantly higher for H. rufipes than for S. globosum. H. rufipes chose to feed on honey whereas S. globosum chose the mixture treatment. The most chosen food items corresponded with those that provided the highest longevities in both species. Our results suggest that spiders could search, recognize and actively select the most beneficial non-prey food. Habitat management practices such as maintaining weed strips in the crop may provide these valuable supplementary food resources within agroecosystems contributing for biological pest control.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Functional responses of three guilds of spiders: Comparing single- and multiprey approaches

Spiders are successful natural enemies of pests occurring throughout the different strata of an agroecosystem. The study of their functional responses can provide information related to the potential effectiveness of different species and guilds on reducing a pest population. However, multiple prey availability may change the functional response of a predator. In this study, the functional responses of three species of spiders in single-prey and multiple-prey experiments were modelled. The spider species Haplodrassus rufipes, Araniella cucurbitina and Synema globosum were chosen as being representatives of ground runners, orb-weavers and ambushers, respectively. Three prey species were selected: a target prey, the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata and two alternate prey species, the flour moth Ephestia kuehniella and the house cricket Acheta domesticus. When the selected target prey C. capitata was supplied in the single-prey experiments, the most and the least efficient spider species were H. rufipes and S. globosum, respectively. However, opposite results were obtained when alternative preys were supplied. Also, A. cucurbitina significantly changed its functional response with the presence of alternative prey species. Considering the prey preference during the multiple-prey experiments, A. domesticus, used as representative of a heavy, long-sized and highly motile prey, was avoided whereas C. capitata, the target pest used as representative of light, small-sized and moderately motile prey was preferred by the three species of spiders. Ephestia kuehniella, used as representative of light, medium-sized and low motile prey was occasionally consumed. Each guild could include efficient predators against pests according to its hunting strategies and the ecological exploited niches. Orb-weavers could be efficient predators against flying pests; ambushers such as S. globosum could contribute to the reduction of the populations of flower-visiting pests, whereas active ground hunters may also play an important role preying on pests that develop a part or all of its life cycle in the ground. However, further research on feeding behaviour such as prey switching is needed for a better understanding of the effectiveness of spiders as natural enemies.This work was funded by Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) through the project EXCL/AGR-PRO/0591/2012 “Olive crop protection in sustainable production under global climatic changes: linking ecological infrastructures to ecosystem functions” and by the project ReNATURE – Valorization of the Natural Endogenous Resources of the Centro Region” funded by Centro 2020 (Centro-01-0145-FEDER-000007). Jacinto Benhadi-Marín is grateful to the Portuguese Foundation of Science and Technology for financial support through the Ph.D. grant SFRH/BD/97248/2013. This manuscript is part of Jacinto Benhadi-Marín's Ph.D. thesis.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Distribution of the spider community in the olive grove agroecosystem (Portugal): potential bioindicators

Spiders are successful natural enemies in different crops. Research on the role of spiders as natural enemies within agroecosystems needs to address the distribution of their communities across different spatial scales, as well as the dominant species. We studied the spatial distribution of the community of spiders of the olive agroecosystem in Northeastern Portugal and investigated potential species that could be used as bioindicators of agricultural management in the olive grove. We found nine functional groups (ambushers, foliage runner hunters, ground hunters, orb-web builders, sheet web builders, sensing web-builders, space web builders, stalkers and wandering sheet/tangle weavers) encompassing a community that changed significantly across the horizontal and vertical gradient. We propose Thanatus vulgaris Simon, 1870 as potential bioindicator for the ground of the olive grove central area and Ozyptila pauxilla (Simon, 1870) for the ground of the olive grove peripheral area. Adjacent shrubland areas could play an important role in biological control of pests, allowing the exchange of species and individuals with the olive crop. The role of agrobiont species as indicators of agricultural managements deserves further investigation towards the enhancement of the effectiveness of spiders within low-impact crop management in arable landscapes.Thisworkwas funded byCentro 2020 (Centro-01-0145-FEDER- 000007) through the project ‘ReNATURE – Valorization of the Natural Endogenous Resources of the Centro Region’. The authors are indebted to all of the farmers who allowed access to their olive groves. Jacinto Benhadi-Marín is grateful to the Portuguese Foundation of Science and Technology (FCT) for financial support through the PhD grant SFRH/BD/97248/2013. This manuscript is part of Jacinto Benhadi-Marín’s PhD thesis. The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

EcoPred: an educational individual based model to explain biological control, a case study within an arable land

Individual based models (IBMs) are up-to-date tools both in research and educational areas. Here we introduce an IBM built on NetLogo platform that simulates a top-down trophic cascade controlled by the pressure exerted by two model predators (web-building spiders and ground runner spiders) on a model pest (the olive fruit fly) within a hypothetical agricultural landscape (the olive crop). EcoPred is an IBM that aims to be an educational tool that can help teachers to explain concepts related to ecology in a modern, enjoyable and comprehensive way. EcoPred reflects the changes on a fly population within a simulated olive crop according to (1) the mortality rate caused by the predation of two spider species and energy loss, (2) the energy gain by feeding on flowers and (3) the reproduction rate in olive trees. The model was tested with 26 students achieving very good results in terms of acceptance and interest on the learning method. EcoPred can be used for educational purposes with 16 year old students and older to explain ecological concepts such as trophic level, species interactions, limiting factor and biological control in an interactive way simultaneously introducing students to biology oriented programming languages.This work was supported by the Portuguese Foundation of Science and Technology [PTDC/AGR-PRO/111123/200, SFRH/BD/97248/2013; Centro 2020 [Centro-01-0145-FEDER-000007].info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A model for the biological control of an olive tree (Olea europaea L.) pest

The olive tree (Olea europaea L.) is among the oldest and most widespread crops in the Mediterranean basin, [2]. Portugal is one important olive producer country in particular in the Tr´as-os-Montes region, in the northeastern Portugal. The olive moth, Prays oleae (Bernard) (Lepidoptera: Praydidae) is the most damaging pest in this region, [1]. Larvae of several generalist and specialist parasitoids attack the olive moth. The most abundant specialist parasitoid is Ageniaspis fuscicollis (Dalman) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), [3]. In Tr´as-os-Montes region, the second most abundant parasitoid was Elasmus flabellatus (Fonscolombe) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) that behaves as a facultative hyperparasitoid, parasitizing some larvae of hymenopteran and larvae and pupae of lepidopteran species, [5]. Spiders are generalist predators with important predatory action in agroecosystems and ability to reduce the populations of various insect pests, [4].We construct a mathematical model considering the population of the olive moth M, juvenile (larvae) Pi and adult populations Ai of the two parasitoids, i = 1, 2 and the spiders population S as the variables in our system. We assess the ecosystem steady states for feasibility and stability. In addition, we include also the possible pesticide effects, that represent essentially extra mortality rates for each one of the insect populations.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio