Design and Analysis of a Hybrid Power System for a Remote Natural Gas Pipeline Control Station

The efficient operation of natural gas pipeline control stations relies on electrical equipment such as data loggers, control systems, surveillance and communication devices etc. These control stations are often located in remote areas, where maintaining reliable, uninterrupted, and continuous power supply poses a significant challenge. In this paper, a hybrid power system (HPS) is proposed to meet the unique requirements of a specific remote natural gas pipeline control station as a case study. Based on the collected site data and load profile for a connected load of 275KW, the proposed system is designed using HOMER Pro software. To ensure continuous and sustainable power supply to the control station, the proposed system combines solar photovoltaic (PV) panels with conventional natural gas generators. The detailed analysis of the capital and energy costs associated with the proposed system reveals that the system is suitable for selected site and can reduce costs substantially

Design and Analysis of a Hybrid Power System for a Remote Natural Gas Pipeline Control Station

The efficient operation of natural gas pipeline control stations relies on electrical equipment such as data loggers, control systems, surveillance and communication devices etc. These control stations are often located in remote areas, where maintaining reliable, uninterrupted, and continuous power supply poses a significant challenge. In this paper, a hybrid power system (HPS) is proposed to meet the unique requirements of a specific remote natural gas pipeline control station as a case study. Based on the collected site data and load profile for a connected load of 275KW, the proposed system is designed using HOMER Pro software. To ensure continuous and sustainable power supply to the control station, the proposed system combines solar photovoltaic (PV) panels with conventional natural gas generators. The detailed analysis of the capital and energy costs associated with the proposed system reveals that the system is suitable for selected site and can reduce costs substantially

SONOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF ESTIMATED FETAL WEIGHT BY DIFFERENT METHOD AT TERM AND POST TERM

Objective: To determine fetal weight estimation by different method on ultrasound at term & to determine actual baby weight after birth Methodology: The research is conducted in Meer Children and Family Clinic Tajpura Lahore. 121 women participate in this study over a 4 month period from January 2021 to April 2021. Systematic random sampling was used to make the selection. The scanner has Hadlock, Shepard, shibozuka and warsof formula.  Results: Out of 70 pregnant women in which 36 (51.5%) nulliparous women and 34(48.5%) multiparous women. A total of 45(64.3%) by vaginal delivery while 25(35.7%) deliver by C – Section. The minimum maternal age for nulliparous women is 21 years and maximum maternal age for multiparous is 39 years. The minimum Actual birth weight i.e. 2.40 correlate with estimated fetal weight. The maximum Actual birth weight i.e. 4.00 correlate with estimated fetal weight. The mean Actual birth weight   is significantly increase with increase in both parity and maternal age at delivery Conclusion: For most pregnant women, estimated fetal weight based on multiple fetal parameters provides reliable and clinically useful information. Despite the fact that there is still an acceptable difference between the actual birth weight and the sonographically EFW. Keywords: Fetal Macrosomia, Term Pregnancy, Hadlocks Formula , Actual birth weight DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/91-11 Publication date:July 31st 202

The assessment of water purification quality characteristics (WPQC), water quality index (WQI), and their measurement techniques, arid region of Rawalpindi, Pakistan

Drinking water quality is essential for public health. With the aid of the water quality index, the current research investigation aimed to monitor the quality of drinking water and assess the action of water purification plants in the surrounding areas of PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi (WQI). A total of 150 water samples be situated gathered from 20 water purification plants. The pH, EC, TDS, free chlorine turbidity, total hardness, cations (Na, K, Ca, and Mg), anions (Cl, HCO3, SO4, NO3, and F), manganese, iron, and total hardness of drinking water were all analyzed. In terms of the assessed physicochemical character, the results showed that purified water was acceptable for consumption. The overall water purification efficacy for reducing total dissolved salts and related anions and cations was greater than 90%. TDS levels in groundwater averaged 1919 ± 806 mg/L but were reduced to 119 ± 32.9 mg/L in purified water. According to the water quality index, all filtered water samples were of high drinking quality (class I). Meanwhile, due to many dissolved salts, 80.6 percent of the contaminated groundwater sample was of poor drinking quality (class III), and 10.9 percent was of extremely poor drinking quality (class IV). Groundwater filtration improved the water quality from extremely low to poor (classes III and IV) to good (class I

Solar Powered DC Refrigerator for Small Scale Applications

Due to the gradatory reduction and exuberant ingestion of fossil fuels and the subsequent environmental problems, accretive work has been paid to the utilization of renewable energy sources, such as solar energy. Solar Photovoltaic System or Solar Power System is one of the renewable energy systems which uses PV units to convert sunlight into electricity. A DC compressor of 12 V/80 W, 12 V/50 Ah battery, a pair of 12 V/175 W solar panels connected in parallel through a 10 A charge controller was used for the refrigerator. Temperature was programmed to monitor and control the switching states of the DC compressor. This research project has established that the energy required for the real process of a DC refrigerator could be amassed from a renewable energy source at a reduced price and its application can be beneficial in developing countries. ATMEGA16 microcontroller with temperature, weight and momentary sensors interfacing was programmed in C language to control and monitor the ON/OFF states of the DC compressor. In this work, energy can be obtained from renewable energy resources at a reduced cost for the effective operation of a DC refrigerator. Thus, developing countries can also take benefit from its applications

Comparative analysis of thermal comfort surveys with CFD simulations

In this paper three dimensional numerical simulations are carried out for air-conditioned room environments having wall mounted units for two cases. The actual solar gain using P1 model using the solar irradiance values of day of survey along with actual geo-coordinates and time are incorporated in both cases for accurate solar solstice whereas the air conditioning units air flow details and temperatures are taken from OEM data. The solution is solved for PMV contours in post processing and local PMV values are compared with the actual measurements from instruments, and it is concluded that simulations of solar gain cases from sun exposed ceiling yield closer results as compared to the case of solar gain from the windows

Solar Powered Grass Cutter for Domestic Utilization

This paper presents the fabrication and working of a smart solar grass cutter. In this work, we have developed a solar-powered lawn mower and thus saved energy by decreasing air pollution and reducing labor cost. In the old model, cutting iron was used. Due to its high environmental impact, it was the most expensive cutter used by the engine. We have utilized a microcontroller in our project to control the different lawn mower actions. Two DC gear motors (10,000 RPM, starting current 1.7 A and no load current 1.5 A) are used to move the solar grass cutter, and one DC blade motor (7000–13,000 RPM, starting current 0.7 A and no load current 0.45 A) is used to cut the grass quickly. With current technology, this new prototype is designed as a remotely controlled grass cutter using Arduino UNO. The Smart Solar tracker is controlled via Bluetooth by using a smartphone. The Smart Solar Grass Cutter can run for more than two hours when the battery is completely charged

Single Stage Active Power Factor Correction Circuit for Street LED Light with Battery Backup

This paper introduces and uses a single-phase, high-power LED driver with a battery backup. The buck–boost converter and reverse converter are both combined to achieve optimal performance. In the first part of the integrated circuit, the buck–boost converter is simply used to adjust the power when operating in the non-continuous operating mode. The reverse converter provides free voltage to the LEDs when released as a remote DC–DC converter. The battery backup cycle directly charges the battery at the same power as the LED driver required and provides charging power when there is no electricity. This paper demonstrates the functionality of the entire system and proves that it is an effective solution for new lighting applications

Common variant of GBS and its relation to age group and its gender distribution in our local population of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Aim: To establish the most common variant of GBS among patient attending Kuwait teaching hospital. Material and Methods: The data was collected manually through data collection tool specially designed for the study. Our sample size was 103. The sampling technique was non probability convenient sampling. This study was a cross-sectional analysis of study conducted from (Jan-2017--Jan-2021) at Kuwait teaching Hospital, Peshawar, which is part of the comprehensive healthcare network. Results: A total of 103 cases of all age groups and both gender were included in our study. The most common variant was AMSAN (48.5%) followed by AIDP (31.1%). And the frequency of AMAN was 20.4%. The most common affected age group was 14 and younger (44.7%) followed by adults (26 to 65) which was 42.7%. Conclusion: We conclude from this study that, AMSAN is most common variant of GBS. Most commonly affected age group is 14 and younger. The prevalence of GBS is more in male