PENGARUH RENTANG WAKTU PENINGKATAN SALINITAS TERHADAP KELULUSHIDUPAN DAN PERTUMBUHAN LARVA IKAN BAUNG (H. nemurus)

This research is expected to be useful especially for fish farmers as additional information in raising baung fish.  The method used was an experimental method using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replications namely: P1 = 5 ‰ per 3 days 7 ‰ per 3 days, 9 ‰ per 3 days, P2 = 5 ‰ per 5 days 7 ‰ per 5 days 9 ‰ per 5 days, P3 = 5 ‰ per 7 days 7 ‰ per 7 days 9 ‰ per 7 days, P4 = 5 ‰ per 9 days 7 ‰ per 9 days 9 ‰ per 9 days. The baung fish used for the study was obtained from spawning at the Fish Seed Center (BBI) of the Faculty of Agriculture, Riau Islamic University with a weight of 0.14 gr of baung fish/tail and 1.6 cm in length/tail. The container used is a jar a size of 10 liters. From the results of the study obtained the best absolute weight growth and absolute length of the treatment (P4) with a weight of 4.35 gr and a length of 1.84 cm, followed by treatment (P2) with a weight of 3.96 gr and P3 a length of 1.82 cm, (P3 ) weighing 3, 75 gr and P2, 1.73 cm long, and the lowest in treatment (P1) with a weight of 2.64 grams and a length of 1.28 cm. The daily weight growth rate in the treatment group (P2) was 17.31%, (P2) 15.17%, (P4) 13.18%, and the lowest (P3) was 12.60%. The best survival rate for treatment (P4) was 72.00%, followed by treatment (P3) at 54.67%, and the lowest for treatment (P1) was 6, 67%. The results of water quality measurements in this study were temperature 28-300C, pH 6-7, dissolved oxygen 0.4 ppm, ammonia 0.05 ppm. Based on the observations of water quality during the study was within the range of tolerance for the growth and life of baung fish

Ethanol-Induced Hepatic and Renal Histopathological Changes in BALB/c mice

This study was to investigate the histopathologic changes of different concentrations of ethanol on the mice liver and kidney. Forty albino mice of the Mus musculus species, BALB/c strain mice underwent this study and were divided into four groups; control, %20, %40 and %60 of ethanol administration groups. The mice of each group (%20, %40 and %60 of ethanol) were orally administered with 1ml of ethanol 4days/week for 3 weeks. Hematoxylin and eosin staining indicated development of mild to severe lesions in kidney and liver which included; In %20 of ethanol administration group there was mild lesion development; hydropic swelling in liver and swelling of kidney parenchyma while in %40 of ethanol administration group developed moderate changes; hydropic swelling of hepatocytes and kidney tubules with hyaline degeneration and in %60 of ethanol administration group produced severe lesion; focal macro and micro abscess in liver parenchyma and focal neutrophil infiltration within renal parenchyma and hyaline cast within renal tubules. Based on our study, it can be concluded that ethanol intoxication leads to a various disorders of the liver and kidney which arrange from mild to severe injury which was depended on the concentration of ethanol. Keywords: Ethanol, Mice, Kidney, Liver, H&E stain

Process optimization and mechanistic studies of lead (II): Aspergillus caespitosus interaction for industrial effluent treatment

The lead (II) accumulation potential of various biosorbent had been widely studied in the last few years, but an outstanding Pb(II) accumulating biomass still seems crucial for bringing the process to a successful application stage. This investigation describes the use of non-living biomass of Aspergillus caespitosus for removal of Pb from Pb(NO3)2 solution in a batch system under different experimental conditions. The highest Pb(II) sorption (351.7 ± 5.7 mg/g biomass) was observed at 600 µg/ml initial Pb concentration. Biosorption data were well defined by pseudo-second order, saturation mixed order and Langmuir isotherm models. The thermodynamic parameters: G (303 K), H and S were determined to be 4.64 kJ/mol, 75.4 kJ/mol and 26.2 J/mol-K respectively. The Pb uptake from binary solution was inhibited in the order of copper > nickel > zinc > manganese. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) characterization of Pb biosorption revealed the involvement of –SO3 and –CN groups along with other groups. The biosorbed Pb was stripped out (85.5%) using 0.01 M HCl and about 12% loss in Pb(II) sorption capacity was observed after five sorption-desorption cycles. High Pb (II) uptake (351.7 ± 5.7 mg/g biomass) by A. caespitosus proved it to be an outstanding biomaterial until now reported in literature for accumulating from solutions.Key words: Aspergillus caespitosus, Pb, Langmuir isotherm, pseudo-second-order kinetic model, FTIR, SEM, EDAX

Mechanisms of anti-ulcer actions of Prangos pabularia (L.) in ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats

Peptic ulcer disease is the greatest digestive disorder that has increased incidence and recurrence rates across all nations. Prangos pabularia (L.) has been well documented as a folkloric medicinal herb utilized for multiple disease conditions including gastric ulcers. Hence, the target study was investigation the gastro-protection effects of root extracts of Prangos pabularia (REPP) on ethanol-mediated stomach injury in rats. Sprague Dawley rats were clustered in 5 cages: A and B, normal and ulcer control rats pre-ingested with 1 % carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)); C, reference rats had 20 mg/kg omeprazole; D and E, rats pre-supplemented with 250 and 500 mg/kg of REPP, respectively. After one hour, group A was given orally 1 % CMC, and groups B-E were given 100 % ethanol. The ulcer area, gastric acidity, and gastric wall mucus of all stomachs were determined. The gastric tissue homogenates were examined for antioxidant and MDA contents. Moreover, the gastric tissues were analyzed by histopathological and immunohistochemically assays. Acute toxicity results showed lack of any toxic effects or histological changes in rats exposed to 2 and 5 g/kg of REPP ingestion. The ulcer controls had extensive gastric mucosal damage with lower gastric juice and a reduced gastric pH. REPP treatment caused a significant reduction of the ethanol-induced gastric lacerations represented by an upsurge in gastric mucus and gastric wall glycoproteins (increased PAS), a decrease in the gastric acidity, leukocyte infiltration, positively modulated Bax and HSP 70 proteins, consequently lowered ulcer areas. REPP supplementation positively modulated oxidative stress (increased SOD, CAT, PGE2, and reduced MDA) and inflammatory cytokines (decreased serum TNF-α, IL-6, and increased IL-10) levels. The outcomes could be scientific evidence to back-up the folkloric use of A. Judaica as a medicinal remedy for oxidative stress-related disorders (gastric ulcer)

Thermal proteome profiling reveals Haemonchus orphan protein HCO_011565 as a target of the nematocidal small molecule UMW-868

Parasitic roundworms (nematodes) cause destructive diseases, and immense suffering in humans and other animals around the world. The control of these parasites relies heavily on anthelmintic therapy, but treatment failures and resistance to these drugs are widespread. As efforts to develop vaccines against parasitic nematodes have been largely unsuccessful, there is an increased focus on discovering new anthelmintic entities to combat drug resistant worms. Here, we employed thermal proteome profiling (TPP) to explore hit pharmacology and to support optimisation of a hit compound (UMW-868), identified in a high-throughput whole-worm, phenotypic screen. Using advanced structural prediction and docking tools, we inferred an entirely novel, parasite-specific target (HCO_011565) of this anthelmintic small molecule in the highly pathogenic, blood-feeding barber's pole worm, and in other socioeconomically important parasitic nematodes. The "hit-to-target" workflow constructed here provides a unique prospect of accelerating the simultaneous discovery of novel anthelmintics and associated parasite-specific targets

Fat-tailed sheep in Indonesia; an essential resource for smallholders

This paper discusses the historical development of fat-tailed sheep in Indonesia, the dynamics of production systems, production and reproduction performances under farmers’ conditions, and roles of sheep in livelihoods. In the eighteenth and nineteenth century, fat-tailed sheep from southwest Asia and Africander sheep from South Africa were introduced. Crossing of fat-tailed sheep with the local thin-tailed sheep produced the Javanese fat-tailed sheep. Main motives for the gradual change-over to fat-tailed sheep have been their potential larger body size and the preference of consumers for their meat. Management systems are changing in response to the intensification of land use. The reproductive performances of fat-tailed sheep are good. Households keep four to six animals, housed close to the family quarters. This results in very high levels of faecal bacteria contamination of drinking water sources. Sheep provide a small income, manure, security and help to accumulate capital. Sheep also play a key role in religious festivities. Farmers hardly profit from the increased demand for the feast of sacrifice; animals are sold mainly when the owners have urgent cash needs. Systematic sheep fattening can contribute to higher economic results, if sufficient family labour and crop residues are available