Análisis histórico-conceptual y estudio de adaptación y validación de la escala de Percepciones Anómalas de Cardiff (CAPS) en una población española

En el momento actual se ha demostrado que en población no clínica pueden detectarse de manera objetiva experiencias perceptivas, clásicamente conceptuadas como psicóticas. Desde un punto de vista teórico nos estaríamos moviendo en el terreno del modelo continuum, cercano a lo dimensional y opuesto al categorial que ha dominado las clasificaciones psiquiátricas en las últimas décadas. Dentro de los modelos de continuum la mayoría de los autores establecen una clara diferenciación entre el de tipo I55-57, que plantea que las experiencia psicóticas en población no clínica no van inevitablemente asociadas con la presencia de un trastorno, sino que va a depender de otros factores como la intrusividad y la frecuencia de la mismas, de factores culturales y personales, por lo que han de ser entendidas como expresiones no patológicas en una personalidad normal, a lo sumo, como factores latentes de vulnerabilidad, pero no patológicos per se58 y el tipo II, denominado como cuasicontinuo que parte de unos rasgos que constituirían un factor predisponente o de vulnerabilidad para el desarrollo del trastorno51, 59-61. Otra línea de trabajo plantea la coexistencia de ambos modelos, de manera que en las experiencias de tipo psicótico podrían existir a la vez dimensiones que sean no patológicas (pensamiento mágico) y otras que puedan ser la antesala de una posible expresión completa del trastorno, al estar asociadas a estrés, depresión, ansiedad… etc62-64. A partir del estudio del continuum, denominado según el investigador: predisposición a la psicosis (psychosis proneness), experiencias psicóticas (psychotic experiencies), esquizotipia (schizotypy), alto riesgo de estados mentales (at-risk mental states), etc, se han ejecutado fructíferas líneas de investigación en población general55, 65-67 y en familiares de enfermos esquizofrénicos68-71 con el fin de intentar clarificar desde una transición lineal, dónde se deja de ser normal para convertirse en un paciente con un trastorno psicótico51, 55, 72. Ha sido van Os (2009) el que ha formulado la necesidad de saber si estas experiencias poseen, científicamente, un valor suficiente como para que la investigación siga esos derroteros. Los resultados del metaanálisis que llevó a cabo demostraron un prototipo de predisposición a la psicosis, basado en el modelo...It has been established that perceptual distortions and psychosis-like experiences can be found in the non-clinical population. This has led to the 'continuum model' of psychosis where psychosis-like experiences are considered to be a dimension distributed throughout the population rather than categorical in nature as assumed by traditional psychiatric diagnoses. However, the scientific literature establishes a clear distinction between two approaches in the continuum model. The first approach holds that experiencing symptoms of psychosis such as hallucinations is not inevitably associated with presence of disorder55-57. This is considered dependent on symptom characteristics such as intrusiveness, frequency and comorbidity with other symptoms on the one hand, and personal and cultural factors on the other, so these experiences can be understood within a model of normal psychological functioning58. The second approach, defined as quasi-continuum, suggests that these experiences represent a proneness or vulnerability factor for the development of a disorder51, 59-61. Another line of inquiry allows for the coexistence of both approaches, concluding that psychosis could also involve non-pathological dimensions (for example, magical thinking) alongside other factors that cause the onset of the full disorder and its associated stress, depression, anxiety and so on62-64. The continuum model approach has been used to research psychosis proneness, psychotic experiences, schizotypy and at-risk mental states and has also included several lines of research in the general population55, 65-67 and in relatives of patients with schizophrenia68-71. A common focus of this research has been to try and clarify at which point a person transitions into a psychotic disorder51, 55, 72. A key meta-analysis by van Os and colleages suggests a psychosis proneness– persistence-impairment model. This includes the role of exposure to additional environmental risk factors, such a trauma, cannabis and urbanicity123, 124. This, together with the high prevalence of psychotic experiences, their familial clustering, age-associated expression and low rate of transition of psychotic disorder, suggests a model of psychosis that includes genetic factors and a broadly distributed and transitory expression of psychosis during development which can become pathological due to environmental exposures interacting with genetic risk. Psychosis..

A Systematic Review on the Association between Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Supplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/15412555.2022.2154646A systematic review aimed to investigate the association between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), its prevalence and incidence, potential factors associated with its occurrence and its impact on mortality among these patients. We performed the literature search in PubMed, Scopus and PsycInfo from inception to February 2022 and identified 19 studies: ten cross-sectional, 5 that included cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses, and 4 retrospective cohort studies. The reported prevalence of COPD ranged from 2.6% to 52.7% in patients with schizophrenia and between 3.0% and 12.9% in patients with bipolar disorder. Two studies reported an annual incidence of COPD of 2.21 cases/100 person-years in patients with schizophrenia and 2.03 cases/100 person-years in patients with bipolar disorder. Among the risk factors evaluated in three studies, only advanced age was consistently associated with the presence/occurrence of COPD in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder; the role of tobacco consumption was not investigated in those three studies. According to two studies, the likelihood of mortality from COPD showed an over 3-fold increase in patients with schizophrenia and a 2-fold increase in those with bipolar disorder compared to the overall population; COPD was also associated with increased inpatient mortality. Available data indicate that COPD in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder is a major public health problem. National and international health organizations should strive to specifically address this issue by creating awareness about this health problem and developing specific programs for screening and early intervention aimed to reduce the burden of COPD in these populations.Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness, Instituto Carlos III (FIS PI20/01657)

Caregiver Burden Domains and Their Relationship with Anxiety and Depression in the First Six Months of Cancer Diagnosis

Cancer caregiving is associated with burden and a poor psychological state. However, there is no previous information about the predictive utility of specific burden domains on anxiety and depression in the first six months after a partner’s cancer diagnosis. In a longitudinal study, 67 caregivers completed the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) at T1 (45–60 days after diagnosis) and T2 (180–200 days after diagnosis). Most of the caregivers were female (65.7%, mean age = 51.63, SD = 13.25), while patients were mostly male (56.7%). The TRIPOD checklist was applied. ZBI scores were moderate and HADS anxiety reached significant values. There were no differences in ZBI and HADS between T1 and T2. The relationship between burden, anxiety, and depression were more consistent at T2, while emotional burden at T1 were related and predicted anxiety and depression at T2. Some burden domains were related and predicted anxiety in caregivers in the first six months after partner cancer diagnosis. This information could be useful to prevent the onset of these symptoms in the first six months after diagnosis

UCO guide to prepare and evaluate an undergraduate final dissertation: problem analysis and merging proposal for solutions

El presente proyecto surge para dar respuesta a una serie de problemas que se dan durante el proceso de elaboración y defensa de los Trabajos Fin de Grado en el marco de la Universidad de Córdoba. A pesar de que actualmente existen esfuerzos por mejorar los criterios aplicados en los distintos centros de la UCO, se ha podido comprobar una falta de uniformidad en las guías y en las recomendaciones ligadas a la realización de los TFG, algo que, salvando la comprensible adecuación a las características de cada área, puede suponer un riesgo para la consecución de un sistema de evaluación justo. Además, algunas facultades carecen de criterios públicos de evaluación, lo que puede dar lugar a situaciones arbitrarias o irregulares. Para ello, en primer lugar, se ha analizado la opinión de profesorado y alumnado con respecto al TFG. Con el fin de resolver las deficiencias encontradas, se ha propuesto una solución que englobe todos los centros que forman la UCO: una herramienta que contemple las competencias básicas reconocidas por la legislación actual, comunes a todos los grados, y que tengan naturaleza transdisciplinar, para, a partir de ahí, poder construir un sistema de evaluación más razonable, coherente y uniforme para toda la Universidad de Córdoba.The present project mains to solve a series of problems that occur during the process of preparation and defence of the undergraduate final dissertation (TFG) within the University of Córdoba. Although there are currently efforts to improve the criteria applied in the different centres of the UCO, it has been possible to verify a lack of uniformity in the guides and in the recommendations related to the realization of the TFG, something that, beyond the understandable adaptation to the characteristics of each area, may pose a risk to the achievement of a fair evaluation system. In addition, some faculties lack public evaluation criteria, which may give rise to arbitrary or irregular situations. To do this, first of all, the opinion of teachers and students regarding the TFG has been analysed. In order to solve the deficiencies found, a solution has been proposed that encompasses all the centres that make up the UCO: a scale that contemplates the basic competences recognized by the current legislation, common to all grades, and of a transdisciplinary nature to be able to build a more reasonable, coherent and uniform evaluation system for the entire University of Córdoba

Lifestyle in Undergraduate Students and Demographically Matched Controls during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain

Few studies have used a multidimensional approach to describe lifestyle changes among undergraduate students during the COVID-19 pandemic or have included controls. This study aimed to evaluate lifestyle behaviors and mental health of undergraduate students and compare them with an age and sex-matched control group. A cross-sectional web survey using snowball sampling was conducted several months after the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic in Spain. A sample of 221 students was recruited. The main outcome was the total SMILE-C score. Students showed a better SMILE-C score than controls (79.8 + 8.1 vs. 77.2 + 8.3; p < 0.001), although these differences disappeared after controlling for covariates. While groups did not differ in the screenings of depression and alcohol abuse, students reported lower rates of anxiety (28.5% vs. 37.1%; p = 0.042). A lower number of cohabitants, poorer self-perceived health and positive screening for depression and anxiety, or for depression only were independently associated (p < 0.05) with unhealthier lifestyles in both groups. History of mental illness and financial difficulties were predictors of unhealthier lifestyles for students, whereas totally/moderate changes in substance abuse and stress management (p < 0.05) were predictors for the members of the control group. Several months after the pandemic, undergraduate students and other young adults had similar lifestyles

Lifestyle in undergraduate students and demographically matched controls during the covid-19 pandemic in Spain

Few studies have used a multidimensional approach to describe lifestyle changes among undergraduate students during the COVID-19 pandemic or have included controls. This study aimed to evaluate lifestyle behaviors and mental health of undergraduate students and compare them with an age and sex-matched control group. A cross-sectional web survey using snowball sampling was conducted several months after the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic in Spain. A sample of 221 students was recruited. The main outcome was the total SMILE-C score. Students showed a better SMILE-C score than controls (79.8 +- 8.1 vs. 77.2 +- 8.3; p < 0.001), although these differences disappeared after controlling for covariates. While groups did not differ in the screenings of depression and alcohol abuse, students reported lower rates of anxiety (28.5% vs. 37.1%; p = 0.042). A lower number of cohabitants, poorer self-perceived health and positive screening for depression and anxiety, or for depression only were independently associated (p < 0.05) with unhealthier lifestyles in both groups. History of mental illness and financial difficulties were predictors of unhealthier lifestyles for students, whereas totally/moderate changes in substance abuse and stress management (p < 0.05) were predictors for the members of the control group. Several months after the pandemic, undergraduate students and other young adults had similar lifestyles

Zoología. Un modelo para la enseñanza no presencial

Memoria Proyecto de innovación nº 238 curso 2020/2

La necrópolis de Los Collados de Almedinilla (Córdoba). Historiografía de un cementerio complejo

The excavations in the Necropolis of Los Collados, carried out by Luis Maraver y Alfaro in the second half of the 19th century, and afterwards, those done by Pierre Paris and Arthur Engels at the beginning of the 20th century, serve to define archeologically that which would be considered Iberian culture. Since then, apart from a few reviews of materials, this site has been forgotten to the point that its exact location was unknown to researchers. It was because of this that prospecting work and excavation were carried out in May and July 2019 that allowed archeologists to locate the necropolis and recover various tombs and ritual deposits. In this work we present the preliminary results of both interventions

Laboratorio en abierto: aprendendiendo a copiar ADN.2

El objetivo principal del proyecto es la puesta a punto de recursos educativos en abierto (REA) dirigidos a los alumnos de secundaria. La propuesta pretende desarrollar habilidades, para la resolución de problemas científicos, a través de retos que despierten el interés y la imaginación de los alumnos de secundaria. En esta propuesta la resolución de los problemas planteados estaría basada en la aplicación de una herramienta que ha revolucionado la genética y biología, la reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa, conocida como PCR