Detection of volcanic unrest onset in La Palma, Canary Islands, evolution and implications

La Palma island is one of the highest potential risks in the volcanic archipelago of the Canaries and therefore it is important to carry out an in-depth study to define its state of unrest. This has been accomplished through the use of satellite radar observations and an original state-of-the-art interpretation technique. Here we show the detection of the onset of volcanic unrest on La Palma island, most likely decades before a potential eruption. We study its current evolution seeing the spatial and temporal changing nature of activity at this potentially dangerous volcano at unprecedented spatial resolutions and long time scales, providing insights into the dynamic nature of the associated volcanic hazard. The geodetic techniques employed here allow tracking of the fluid migration induced by magma injection at depth and identifying the existence of dislocation sources below Cumbre Vieja volcano which could be associated with a future flank failure. Therefore they should continue being monitored using these and other techniques. The results have implications for the monitoring of steep-sided volcanoes at oceanic islands

Memory-based Model Predictive Control for Parameter Detuning in Multiphase Electric Machines

Model predictive control (MPC) is a popular control technique to regulate multiphase electric drives (ED). Despite the well-known advantages of MPC, it is sensitive to parameter detuning and lacks the capability to eliminate steady-state errors. The appearance of an offset between the reference and measured currents can significantly jeopardize the performance of the electric drive. This work suggests the use of a memory-based model predictive control (MB-MPC) that activates a compensation term when the parameter mismatch is detected. The suggested MB-MPC is universal for any multiphase machine if spatial harmonics are neglected since the proposed method does not consider any of the secondary x-y planes. Experimental results in two different rigs with six- and nine-phase induction motors prove this universality as well as its capability to eliminate current and speed offsets

Representing complex data using localized principal components with application to astronomical data

Often the relation between the variables constituting a multivariate data space might be characterized by one or more of the terms: ``nonlinear'', ``branched'', ``disconnected'', ``bended'', ``curved'', ``heterogeneous'', or, more general, ``complex''. In these cases, simple principal component analysis (PCA) as a tool for dimension reduction can fail badly. Of the many alternative approaches proposed so far, local approximations of PCA are among the most promising. This paper will give a short review of localized versions of PCA, focusing on local principal curves and local partitioning algorithms. Furthermore we discuss projections other than the local principal components. When performing local dimension reduction for regression or classification problems it is important to focus not only on the manifold structure of the covariates, but also on the response variable(s). Local principal components only achieve the former, whereas localized regression approaches concentrate on the latter. Local projection directions derived from the partial least squares (PLS) algorithm offer an interesting trade-off between these two objectives. We apply these methods to several real data sets. In particular, we consider simulated astrophysical data from the future Galactic survey mission Gaia.Comment: 25 pages. In "Principal Manifolds for Data Visualization and Dimension Reduction", A. Gorban, B. Kegl, D. Wunsch, and A. Zinovyev (eds), Lecture Notes in Computational Science and Engineering, Springer, 2007, pp. 180--204, http://www.springer.com/dal/home/generic/search/results?SGWID=1-40109-22-173750210-

Functional and neurometabolic asymmetry in SHR and WKY rats following vasoactive treatments

A lateralized distribution of neuropeptidase activities in the frontal cortex of normotensive and hypertensive rats has been described depending on the use of some vasoactive drugs and linked to certain mood disorders. Asymmetrical neuroperipheral connections involving neuropeptidases from the left or right hemisphere and aminopeptidases from the heart or plasma have been suggested to play a role in this asymmetry. We hypothesize that such asymmetries could be extended to the connection between the brain and physiologic parameters and metabolic factors from plasma and urine. To assess this hypothesis, we analyzed the possible correlation between neuropeptidases from the left and right frontal cortex with peripheral parameters in normotensive (Wistar Kyoto [WKY]) rats and hypertensive rats (spontaneously hypertensive rats [SHR]) untreated or treated with vasoactive drugs such as captopril, propranolol and L-nitro-arginine methyl ester. Neuropeptidase activities from the frontal cortex were analyzed fluorometrically using arylamide derivatives as substrates. Physiological parameters and metabolic factors from plasma and urine were determined using routine laboratory techniques. Vasoactive drug treatments differentially modified the asymmetrical neuroperipheral pattern by changing the predominance of the correlations between peripheral parameters and central neuropeptidase activities of the left and right frontal cortex. The response pattern also differed between SHR and WKY rats. These results support an asymmetric integrative function of the organism and suggest the possibility of a different neurometabolic response coupled to particular mood disorders, depending on the selected vasoactive drug.This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Innovation through project no. SAF 2008 04685 C02 01

Oral chondroitin sulfate and prebiotics for the treatment of canine Inflammatory Bowel Disease: a randomized, controlled clinical trial

BACKGROUND Canine inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic enteropathy of unknown etiology, although microbiome dysbiosis, genetic susceptibility, and dietary and/or environmental factors are hypothesized to be involved in its pathogenesis. Since some of the current therapies are associated with severe side effects, novel therapeutic modalities are needed. A new oral supplement for long-term management of canine IBD containing chondroitin sulfate (CS) and prebiotics (resistant starch, β-glucans and mannaoligosaccharides) was developed to target intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress, and restore normobiosis, without exhibiting any side effects. This double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in dogs with IBD aims to evaluate the effects of 180 days administration of this supplement together with a hydrolyzed diet on clinical signs, intestinal histology, gut microbiota, and serum biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress. RESULTS Twenty-seven client-owned biopsy-confirmed IBD dogs were included in the study, switched to the same hydrolyzed diet and classified into one of two groups: supplement and placebo. Initially, there were no significant differences between groups (p > 0.05) for any of the studied parameters. Final data analysis (supplement: n = 9; placebo: n = 10) showed a significant decrease in canine IBD activity index (CIBDAI) score in both groups after treatment (p < 0.001). After treatment, a significant decrease (1.53-fold; p < 0.01) in histologic score was seen only in the supplement group. When groups were compared, the supplement group showed significantly higher serum cholesterol (p < 0.05) and paraoxonase-1 (PON1) levels after 60 days of treatment (p < 0.01), and the placebo group showed significantly reduced serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels after 120 days (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found between groups at any time point for CIBDAI, WSAVA histologic score and fecal microbiota evaluated by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). No side effects were reported in any group. CONCLUSIONS The combined administration of the supplement with hydrolyzed diet over 180 days was safe and induced improvements in selected serum biomarkers, possibly suggesting a reduction in disease activity. This study was likely underpowered, therefore larger studies are warranted in order to demonstrate a supplemental effect to dietary treatment of this supplement on intestinal histology and CIBDAI

Phylogeny of Basal Iguanodonts (Dinosauria: Ornithischia): An Update

The precise phylogenetic relationships of many non-hadrosaurid members of Iguanodontia, i.e., basal iguanodonts, have been unclear. Therefore, to investigate the global phylogeny of basal iguanodonts a comprehensive data matrix was assembled, including nearly every valid taxon of basal iguanodont. The matrix was analyzed in the program TNT, and the maximum agreement subtree of the resulting most parsimonious trees was then calculated in PAUP. Ordering certain multistate characters and omitting taxa through safe taxonomic reduction did not markedly improve resolution. The results provide some new information on the phylogeny of basal iguanodonts, pertaining especially to obscure or recently described taxa, and support some recent taxonomic revisions, such as the splitting of traditional “Camptosaurus” and “Iguanodon”. The maximum agreement subtree also shows a close relationship between the Asian Probactrosaurus gobiensis and the North American Eolambia, supporting the previous hypothesis of faunal interchange between Asia and North America in the early Late Cretaceous. Nevertheless, the phylogenetic relationships of many basal iguanodonts remain ambiguous due to the high number of taxa removed from the maximum agreement subtree and poor resolution of consensus trees

The host metabolite D-serine contributes to bacterial niche specificity through gene selection

Escherichia coli comprise a diverse array of both commensals and niche-specific pathotypes. The ability to cause disease results from both carriage of specific virulence factors and regulatory control of these via environmental stimuli. Moreover, host metabolites further refine the response of bacteria to their environment and can dramatically affect the outcome of the host–pathogen interaction. Here, we demonstrate that the host metabolite, D-serine, selectively affects gene expression in E. coli O157:H7. Transcriptomic profiling showed exposure to D-serine results in activation of the SOS response and suppresses expression of the Type 3 Secretion System (T3SS) used to attach to host cells. We also show that concurrent carriage of both the D-serine tolerance locus (dsdCXA) and the locus of enterocyte effacement pathogenicity island encoding a T3SS is extremely rare, a genotype that we attribute to an ‘evolutionary incompatibility’ between the two loci. This study demonstrates the importance of co-operation between both core and pathogenic genetic elements in defining niche specificity

Revista de Revistas.

Psiquiatría dinámica en la "década del cerebro". Psychodynamic psychiatry in the "decade of the brain". G.o. Gabbard. Am J Pschiatry. Agosto 1992; 149: 991-998. J. Jáuregui Isasmendi El cambio psíquico: desarrollo en la teoría de las técnicas psicoanalíticas. Psychic change: development in the theory of psychoanalytic techniques. A. Cooper. International Journal of Psychoanalysis. Summer 1992; vol 73, part 2: pp 245-250. J. López Castillo ¿Tiene efecto catártico un intento de suicidio?. An attempted suicide actually have a cathartic effect?. Jo. Bronish. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1992; 86: 228-232. M. Salvador Robert La exposición prenatal a la gripe no causa esquizofrenia. Prenatal exposure to influenza does not cause schizophrenia. JJ. Crovv, D.J. Oone. British Journal of Psychiatry. 1992; 161: 390-393. Rosa Villanueva Peña Alexitimia en mujeres con anorexia nerviosa. Alexithymia in women with anorexia nervosa. M.P Bourke et al. British Journal of Psychiatry. 1992; 161: 240-243. M. A. Casado Prieto Dinámica de caos en la actividad del sistema nervioso autónomo durante una sesión de psicoterapia. Chaotic dynamics in autonomic nervous system activity of a patient during a psychotherapy session. D.J. Redington, S.P Reidbord. Biol Psychiatry. 1992; 31: 984-992. P. Pérez Sales, T. Ferrer Gila Uso de psicofármacos en el paciente con infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana. J.L. Ayuso Mateas. Farmacología del S.N.C. Septiembre 1992; vol 6, N.o 3: pp 94-101. I. Morales Tratamiento de mantenimiento de la depresión recurrente orientación actual y futura. Maintenance treatment in recurrent depresion: current and future directions. D.J. Kupfer. British Journal 01 Psychiatry 1992; 161: 309-316. F. Rodríguez y González-Nicolás Comportamientos de riesgo para el VIH/SIDA entre los enfermos mentales crónicos. AIDS/HIV risk behavior among the cronic mentally ill. J.A. Kelly et al. Am J Psychiatry. July 1992; 149: 7. J.J. Marin Lozano Tipos de alcohólicos. 1. Evidencia de una tipología empírica basada en indicadores de vulnerabilidad y severidad. Types of alcoholics. l. Evidence for an empirically derived typology based on indicators of vulnerability and severity. TF Babor, M. Hofmann, FK. Del Broca, V Hesselbrock, R. E. Meyer, Z.S. Dolinsky, B. Rounsaville. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1992; 49: 599-608. Pérez Jiménez, J.P. ¿Es el momento para una moratoria en la desinstitucionalización?. Is it time for a moratorium on deinstitutionalization?. R. Lamb. Hospital and Community Psychiatry. July 1992; vol 43, n.o 77. v. Aparicio Basauri Prevalencia de trastornos mentales en Subtiava, León, Nicaragua V Penayo, T Caldera, L. Jacobson Bol Of Sanit Panamá 1992; 113 (2). V. Aparicio Basauri ¿Cuánto tiempo debe continuarse un tratamiento de mantenimiento con neurolépticos?. How long should neuroleptic maintenance treatment continue?. W Kissling. Relapse. Issues in the Management of Chronic Psychosis. Vol 2, n.o 3. V. Aparicio Basauri El estado de la cuestión en... Consecuencias en pacientes adultos del abuso sexual en la infancia. A.E. Naf

Revista de Revistas.

Psiquiatría dinámica en la "década del cerebro". Psychodynamic psychiatry in the "decade of the brain". G.o. Gabbard. Am J Pschiatry. Agosto 1992; 149: 991-998. J. Jáuregui Isasmendi El cambio psíquico: desarrollo en la teoría de las técnicas psicoanalíticas. Psychic change: development in the theory of psychoanalytic techniques. A. Cooper. International Journal of Psychoanalysis. Summer 1992; vol 73, part 2: pp 245-250. J. López Castillo ¿Tiene efecto catártico un intento de suicidio?. An attempted suicide actually have a cathartic effect?. Jo. Bronish. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1992; 86: 228-232. M. Salvador Robert La exposición prenatal a la gripe no causa esquizofrenia. Prenatal exposure to influenza does not cause schizophrenia. JJ. Crovv, D.J. Oone. British Journal of Psychiatry. 1992; 161: 390-393. Rosa Villanueva Peña Alexitimia en mujeres con anorexia nerviosa. Alexithymia in women with anorexia nervosa. M.P Bourke et al. British Journal of Psychiatry. 1992; 161: 240-243. M. A. Casado Prieto Dinámica de caos en la actividad del sistema nervioso autónomo durante una sesión de psicoterapia. Chaotic dynamics in autonomic nervous system activity of a patient during a psychotherapy session. D.J. Redington, S.P Reidbord. Biol Psychiatry. 1992; 31: 984-992. P. Pérez Sales, T. Ferrer Gila Uso de psicofármacos en el paciente con infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana. J.L. Ayuso Mateas. Farmacología del S.N.C. Septiembre 1992; vol 6, N.o 3: pp 94-101. I. Morales Tratamiento de mantenimiento de la depresión recurrente orientación actual y futura. Maintenance treatment in recurrent depresion: current and future directions. D.J. Kupfer. British Journal 01 Psychiatry 1992; 161: 309-316. F. Rodríguez y González-Nicolás Comportamientos de riesgo para el VIH/SIDA entre los enfermos mentales crónicos. AIDS/HIV risk behavior among the cronic mentally ill. J.A. Kelly et al. Am J Psychiatry. July 1992; 149: 7. J.J. Marin Lozano Tipos de alcohólicos. 1. Evidencia de una tipología empírica basada en indicadores de vulnerabilidad y severidad. Types of alcoholics. l. Evidence for an empirically derived typology based on indicators of vulnerability and severity. TF Babor, M. Hofmann, FK. Del Broca, V Hesselbrock, R. E. Meyer, Z.S. Dolinsky, B. Rounsaville. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1992; 49: 599-608. Pérez Jiménez, J.P. ¿Es el momento para una moratoria en la desinstitucionalización?. Is it time for a moratorium on deinstitutionalization?. R. Lamb. Hospital and Community Psychiatry. July 1992; vol 43, n.o 77. v. Aparicio Basauri Prevalencia de trastornos mentales en Subtiava, León, Nicaragua V Penayo, T Caldera, L. Jacobson Bol Of Sanit Panamá 1992; 113 (2). V. Aparicio Basauri ¿Cuánto tiempo debe continuarse un tratamiento de mantenimiento con neurolépticos?. How long should neuroleptic maintenance treatment continue?. W Kissling. Relapse. Issues in the Management of Chronic Psychosis. Vol 2, n.o 3. V. Aparicio Basauri El estado de la cuestión en... Consecuencias en pacientes adultos del abuso sexual en la infancia. A.E. Naf