339 research outputs found
Poliomyelitis surveillance report number 18, May 20, 1955
Dr. Edwin Lennette, Virus Laboratory, California Department of Public Health, reports isolation of type 1 virus from the stool of case PSU No. Cal-21. He also reports isolation of type 1 virus from the stool of a third \uc2\ub0th contact of non-paralytic case PSU No. Cal-14. Isolations from 2 other contacts of this case were previously reported.Dr. Werner Henle, Children\ue2\u20ac\u2122s Hospital, Philadelphia, reports isolation of type 1 poliomyelitis virus from Case PSU No. Pa-2. This is the first isolation from a case receiving Wyeth Vaccine. This case had first paralysis at the same site as inoculation.One new case was accepted today from West Virginia. This seven-year-old female developed bulbar signs 26 days after inoculation with Lilly Vaccine. Vaccinated cases total 79 at 12:00 noon 5-20-55 (Table l)
The Conformal Sector of F-theory GUTs
D3-brane probes of exceptional Yukawa points in F-theory GUTs are natural
hidden sectors for particle phenomenology. We find that coupling the probe to
the MSSM yields a new class of N = 1 conformal fixed points with computable
infrared R-charges. Quite surprisingly, we find that the MSSM only weakly mixes
with the strongly coupled sector in the sense that the MSSM fields pick up
small exactly computable anomalous dimensions. Additionally, we find that
although the states of the probe sector transform as complete GUT multiplets,
their coupling to Standard Model fields leads to a calculable threshold
correction to the running of the visible sector gauge couplings which improves
precision unification. We also briefly consider scenarios in which SUSY is
broken in the hidden sector. This leads to a gauge mediated spectrum for the
gauginos and first two superpartner generations, with additional contributions
to the third generation superpartners and Higgs sector.Comment: v2: 51 pages, 2 figures, remark added, typos correcte
The Higgs as a Probe of Supersymmetric Extra Sectors
We present a general method for calculating the leading contributions to h ->
gg and h -> gamma gamma in models where the Higgs weakly mixes with a nearly
supersymmetric extra sector. Such mixing terms can play an important role in
raising the Higgs mass relative to the value expected in the MSSM. Our method
applies even when the extra sector is strongly coupled, and moreover does not
require a microscopic Lagrangian description. Using constraints from holomorphy
we fix the leading parametric form of the contributions to these Higgs
processes, including the Higgs mixing angle dependence, up to an overall
coefficient. Moreover, when the Higgs is the sole source of mass for a
superconformal sector, we show that even this coefficient is often calculable.
For appropriate mixing angles, the contribution of the extra states to h -> gg
and h -> gamma gamma can vanish. We also discuss how current experimental
limits already lead to non-trivial constraints on such models. Finally, we
provide examples of extra sectors which satisfy the requirements necessary to
use the holomorphic approximation.Comment: v4: 34 pages, 2 figures, typo corrected and clarification adde
Compact F-theory GUTs with U(1)_PQ
We construct semi-local and global realizations of SU(5) GUTs in F-theory
that utilize a U(1)_PQ symmetry to protect against dimension four proton decay.
Symmetries of this type, which assign charges to H_u and H_d that forbid a tree
level \mu term, play an important role in scenarios for neutrino physics and
gauge mediation that have been proposed in local F-theory model building. As
demonstrated in arXiv:0906.4672, the presence of such a symmetry implies the
existence of non-GUT exotics in the spectrum, when hypercharge flux is used to
break the GUT group and to give rise to doublet-triplet splitting. These
exotics are of precisely the right type to solve the unification problem in
such F-theory models and might also comprise a non-standard messenger sector
for gauge mediation. We present a detailed description of models with U(1)_PQ
in the semi-local regime, which does not depend on details of any specific
Calabi-Yau four-fold, and then specialize to the geometry of arXiv:0904.3932 to
construct three-generation examples with the minimal allowed number of non-GUT
exotics. Among these, we find a handful of models in which the D3-tadpole
constraint can be satisfied without requiring the introduction of
anti-D3-branes. Finally, because SU(5) singlets that carry U(1)_PQ charge may
serve as candidate right-handed neutrinos or can be used to lift the exotics,
we study their origin in compact models and motivate a conjecture for how to
count their zero modes in a semi-local setting.Comment: 73 pages, 5 figures, v2: minor corrections to 4.3 and 6.3.1,
reference adde
The organic residues of lining in transport vessels from the Red Sea coast of Eritrea: a further element to understand past commercial relations
On hypercharge flux and exotics in F-theory GUTs
We study SU(5) Grand Unified Theories within a local framework in F-theory
with multiple extra U(1) symmetries arising from a small monodromy group. The
use of hypercharge flux for doublet-triplet splitting implies massless exotics
in the spectrum that are protected from obtaining a mass by the U(1)
symmetries. We find that lifting the exotics by giving vacuum expectation
values to some GUT singlets spontaneously breaks all the U(1) symmetries which
implies that proton decay operators are induced. If we impose an additional
R-parity symmetry by hand we find all the exotics can be lifted while proton
decay operators are still forbidden. These models can retain the gauge coupling
unification accuracy of the MSSM at 1-loop. For models where the generations
are distributed across multiple curves we also present a motivation for the
quark-lepton mass splittings at the GUT scale based on a Froggatt-Nielsen
approach to flavour.Comment: 38 pages; v2: emphasised possibility of avoiding exotics in models
without a global E8 structure, added ref, journal versio
Yukawa hierarchies at the point of in F-theory
We analyse the structure of Yukawa couplings in local SU(5) F-theory models
with enhancement. In this setting the symmetry is broken down to
SU(5) by a 7-brane configuration described by T-branes, all the Yukawa
couplings are generated in the vicinity of a point and only one family of
quarks and leptons is massive at tree-level. The other two families obtain
their masses when non-perturbative effects are taken into account, being
hierarchically lighter than the third family. However, and contrary to previous
results, we find that this hierarchy of fermion masses is not always
appropriate to reproduce measured data. We find instead that different T-brane
configurations breaking to SU(5) give rise to distinct hierarchical
patterns for the holomorphic Yukawa couplings. Only some of these patterns
allow to fit the observed fermion masses with reasonable local model parameter
values, adding further constraints to the construction of F-theory GUTs. We
consider an model where such appropriate hierarchy is realised and
compute its physical Yukawas, showing that realistic charged fermions masses
can indeed be obtained in this case.Comment: 46 pages + appendices, 5 figures. v2, added references and typos
corrected, version accepted on JHEP. v3, typos correcte
Froggatt-Nielsen models from E8 in F-theory GUTs
This paper studies F-theory SU(5) GUT models where the three generations of
the standard model come from three different curves. All the matter is taken to
come from curves intersecting at a point of enhanced E8 gauge symmetry. Giving
a vev to some of the GUT singlets naturally implements a Froggatt-Nielsen
approach to flavour structure. A scan is performed over all possible models and
the results are filtered using phenomenological constraints. We find a unique
model that fits observations of quark and lepton masses and mixing well. This
model suffers from two drawbacks: R-parity must be imposed by hand and there is
a doublet-triplet splitting problem.Comment: 42 pages; v2:journal version; v3:corrected typo in neutrino masse
Unification and Phenomenology of F-Theory GUTs with U(1)_PQ
We undertake a phenomenological study of SU(5) F-theory GUT models with an
additional U(1)_{PQ} symmetry. In such models, breaking SU(5) with hypercharge
flux leads to the presence of non-GUT multiplets in the spectrum. We study the
effect these have on the unification of gauge couplings, including two-loop
running as well as low- and high-scale threshold corrections. We use the
requirement of unification to constrain the size of thresholds from KK modes of
SU(5) gauge and matter fields. Assuming the non-GUT multiplets play the role of
messengers of gauge mediation leads to controlled non-universalities in the
sparticle spectrum while maintaining grand unification, and we study the LHC
phenomenology of this scenario. We find that the MSSM spectrum may become
compressed or stretched out {by up to a factor of three} depending on the
distribution of hypercharge flux. We present a set of benchmark points whose
production cross-sections and decays we investigate, and argue that precision
kinematic edge measurements will allow the LHC to distinguish between our model
and mGMSB.Comment: 46 pages, 15 figure
Cosmological vacuum selection and metastable susy breaking
We study gauge mediation in a wide class of O'Raifeartaigh type models where
supersymmetry breaking metastable vacuum is created by gravity and/or quantum
corrections. We examine their thermal evolution in the early universe and the
conditions under which the susy breaking vacuum can be selected. It is
demonstrated that thermalization typically makes the metastable supersymmetry
breaking cosmologically disfavoured but this is not always the case. Initial
conditions with the spurion displaced from the symmetric thermal minimum and a
small coupling to the messenger sector can result in the realization of the
susy breaking vacuum even if the reheating temperature is high. We show that
this can be achieved without jeopardizing the low energy phenomenology. In
addition, we have found that deforming the models by a supersymmetric mass term
for messengers in such a way that the susy breaking minimum and the susy
preserving minima are all far away from the origin does not change the
conclusions. The basic observations are expected to hold also in the case of
models with an anomalous U(1) group.Comment: 28 pages, 4 figures, plain Latex, journal versio
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