Actitudes de los alumnos en educación física desde la voz de sus docentes

Tesis (Profesor de Educación Física para la Enseñanza General Básica, Licenciado en Educación)Las actitudes de los estudiantes en la clase de Educación Física es un tema que ha sido investigado con cierta amplitud en los últimos años. Sin embargo, la voz de los estudiantes en relación con estas actitudes ha sido escasamente explorado en el campo. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo principal conocer las actitudes y pensamientos de los escolares según sus profesores de Educación Física de distintos establecimientos educacionales de la región de Valparaíso, Chile. Se realizó un estudio de tipo cualitativo, exploratorio y descriptivo debido a que en Chile son escasos los trabajos que abordan esta temática, no existiendo ninguno en la región de Valparaíso. Para identificar estos aspectos se realizaron entrevistas virtuales semi estructuradas a docentes que se desempeñan en el contexto público y privado. El método de análisis ocupado se basa en la Teoría Fundamentada, donde se identificaron, clasificaron, separaron y relacionaron los distintos códigos derivados de una categoría general. Los resultados de la investigación indican que los aspectos que afectan en las actitudes de los estudiantes son: los métodos de enseñanza, las características del docente y la organización de la Educación Física. Además, las diferencias entre establecimientos públicos y privados tienen relación con la oportunidad que tienen estos últimos para generar mejores actitudes, siendo las horas curriculares la diferencia más importante. Finalmente, a partir de las entrevistas, se concluyó que, existen ciertos aspectos del docente que influyen favorable o desfavorablemente en las actitudes de los alumnos, dentro de los cuales se encontraron diferencias o similitudes dependiendo del género de los alumnos y del tipo de establecimiento educativo.The attitudes of students in Physical Education class is a topic that has been investigated to some extent in recent years. However, the voice of students in relation to these attitudes has been little explored in the field. The main objective of this study was to know the attitudes and thoughts of schoolchildren according to their Physical Education teachers from different educational establishments in the Valparaíso region, Chile. A qualitative, exploratory and descriptive study was carried out due to the fact that in Chile there are few works that address this issue, and none exist in the Valparaíso region. To identify these aspects, semi-structured virtual interviews were conducted with teachers who work in the public and private context. The busy analysis method is based on Grounded Theory, where the different codes derived from a general category were identified, classified, separated and related. The results of the investigation indicate that the aspects that affect the attitudes of the students are: teaching methods, the characteristics of the teacher and the organization of Physical Education. Furthermore, the differences between public and private establishments are related to the opportunity that the latter have to generate better attitudes, with the curricular hours being the most important difference. Finally, from the interviews, it was concluded that there are certain aspects of the teacher that have a favorable or unfavorable influence on the attitudes of the students, among which differences or similarities were found depending on the gender of the students and the type of educational establishment

Potential of Core-Collapse Supernova Neutrino Detection at JUNO

JUNO is an underground neutrino observatory under construction in Jiangmen, China. It uses 20kton liquid scintillator as target, which enables it to detect supernova burst neutrinos of a large statistics for the next galactic core-collapse supernova (CCSN) and also pre-supernova neutrinos from the nearby CCSN progenitors. All flavors of supernova burst neutrinos can be detected by JUNO via several interaction channels, including inverse beta decay, elastic scattering on electron and proton, interactions on C12 nuclei, etc. This retains the possibility for JUNO to reconstruct the energy spectra of supernova burst neutrinos of all flavors. The real time monitoring systems based on FPGA and DAQ are under development in JUNO, which allow prompt alert and trigger-less data acquisition of CCSN events. The alert performances of both monitoring systems have been thoroughly studied using simulations. Moreover, once a CCSN is tagged, the system can give fast characterizations, such as directionality and light curve

Detection of the Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background with JUNO

As an underground multi-purpose neutrino detector with 20 kton liquid scintillator, Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is competitive with and complementary to the water-Cherenkov detectors on the search for the diffuse supernova neutrino background (DSNB). Typical supernova models predict 2-4 events per year within the optimal observation window in the JUNO detector. The dominant background is from the neutral-current (NC) interaction of atmospheric neutrinos with 12C nuclei, which surpasses the DSNB by more than one order of magnitude. We evaluated the systematic uncertainty of NC background from the spread of a variety of data-driven models and further developed a method to determine NC background within 15\% with {\it{in}} {\it{situ}} measurements after ten years of running. Besides, the NC-like backgrounds can be effectively suppressed by the intrinsic pulse-shape discrimination (PSD) capabilities of liquid scintillators. In this talk, I will present in detail the improvements on NC background uncertainty evaluation, PSD discriminator development, and finally, the potential of DSNB sensitivity in JUNO

Real-time Monitoring for the Next Core-Collapse Supernova in JUNO

Core-collapse supernova (CCSN) is one of the most energetic astrophysical events in the Universe. The early and prompt detection of neutrinos before (pre-SN) and during the SN burst is a unique opportunity to realize the multi-messenger observation of the CCSN events. In this work, we describe the monitoring concept and present the sensitivity of the system to the pre-SN and SN neutrinos at the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), which is a 20 kton liquid scintillator detector under construction in South China. The real-time monitoring system is designed with both the prompt monitors on the electronic board and online monitors at the data acquisition stage, in order to ensure both the alert speed and alert coverage of progenitor stars. By assuming a false alert rate of 1 per year, this monitoring system can be sensitive to the pre-SN neutrinos up to the distance of about 1.6 (0.9) kpc and SN neutrinos up to about 370 (360) kpc for a progenitor mass of 30$M_{\odot}$ for the case of normal (inverted) mass ordering. The pointing ability of the CCSN is evaluated by using the accumulated event anisotropy of the inverse beta decay interactions from pre-SN or SN neutrinos, which, along with the early alert, can play important roles for the followup multi-messenger observations of the next Galactic or nearby extragalactic CCSN.Comment: 24 pages, 9 figure

Diseño y planificación de metodologías de participación de familias en jardines infantiles de JUNJI

Tesis (Trabajador Social)La presente investigación aborda la temática del área de educación en instituciones pertenecientes a la primera infancia, de carácter público que son parte de la red educacional de jardines infantiles JUNJI, en la región Metropolitana en las comunas de San Miguel y San Joaquín. El objetivo de eta investigación es conocer y develar el cómo las profesionales del área de la educación lleva a cabo el diseño y planificación de las metodologías de trabajo con familias. Para esta investigación se utilizó una metodología cualitativa con un enfoque exploratorio descriptivo, debido a que las referencias bibliográficas que existen sobre este tema son muy reducido y casi inexistente. La metodología cualitativa fue utilizada debido a que lo que se buscó fue analizar el discurso de las educadoras de los jardines infantiles desde su propia experiencia y perspectiva teórica y de acción. La investigación realizada busca ser un aporte para la disciplina del trabajo social, y poder consolidar un poco más el conocimiento que se tiene sobre el diseño y planificación de metodologías participativas en instituciones educativas pertenecientes a la primera infancia

Ambiente educacional y calidad de la docencia en la escuela de medicina

El ambiente educacional es un concepto que cada vez cobra mayor relevancia en la educación médica por su impacto en el proceso de enseñanza, aprendizaje y posterior vida laboral. Existen numerosos instrumentos para evaluar el ambiente, según el ciclo de formación o el tipo de rotación. En la Escuela de Medicina de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile se han utilizado las encuestas DREEM y PHEEM, que se complementan con otros instrumentos aplicados a los estudiantes, generados por el Centro de Educación Médica y la American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC) en el contexto del proceso de la evaluación de la Escuela de Medicina. Todos estos confirman que el ambiente educacional en general es adecuado. Las fortalezas detectadas están relacionadas con el ambiente académico y la calidad de los profesores. Los aspectos deficitarios están relacionados con la retroalimentación, el proceso de evaluación y áreas de desarrollo social. La constante medición del ambiente educacional dentro de la Escuela de Medicina nos permitirá a futuro detectar las fortalezas, mejorar las áreas deficitarias y evaluar el impacto de las modificaciones curriculares

Damping signatures at JUNO, a medium-baseline reactor neutrino oscillation experiment

Abstract We study damping signatures at the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), a medium-baseline reactor neutrino oscillation experiment. These damping signatures are motivated by various new physics models, including quantum decoherence, nu(3) decay, neutrino absorption, and wave packet decoherence. The phenomenological effects of these models can be characterized by exponential damping factors at the probability level. We assess how well JUNO can constrain these damping parameters and how to disentangle these different damping signatures at JUNO. Compared to current experimental limits, JUNO can significantly improve the limits on tau(3)/m(3) in the nu(3) decay model, the width of the neutrino wave packet sigma(x), and the intrinsic relative dispersion of neutrino momentum sigma(rel)

Mass Testing and Characterization of 20-inch PMTs for JUNO

Main goal of the JUNO experiment is to determine the neutrino mass ordering using a 20kt liquid-scintillator detector. Its key feature is an excellent energy resolution of at least 3 % at 1 MeV, for which its instruments need to meet a certain quality and thus have to be fully characterized. More than 20,000 20-inch PMTs have been received and assessed by JUNO after a detailed testing program which began in 2017 and elapsed for about four years. Based on this mass characterization and a set of specific requirements, a good quality of all accepted PMTs could be ascertained. This paper presents the performed testing procedure with the designed testing systems as well as the statistical characteristics of all 20-inch PMTs intended to be used in the JUNO experiment, covering more than fifteen performance parameters including the photocathode uniformity. This constitutes the largest sample of 20-inch PMTs ever produced and studied in detail to date, i.e. 15,000 of the newly developed 20-inch MCP-PMTs from Northern Night Vision Technology Co. (NNVT) and 5,000 of dynode PMTs from Hamamatsu Photonics K. K.(HPK)