Unique Structure and Dynamics of the EphA5 Ligand Binding Domain Mediate Its Binding Specificity as Revealed by X-ray Crystallography, NMR and MD Simulations

10.1371/journal.pone.0074040PLoS ONE89-POLN

Accuracy versus precision in boosted top tagging with the ATLAS detector

Abstract The identification of top quark decays where the top quark has a large momentum transverse to the beam axis, known as top tagging, is a crucial component in many measurements of Standard Model processes and searches for beyond the Standard Model physics at the Large Hadron Collider. Machine learning techniques have improved the performance of top tagging algorithms, but the size of the systematic uncertainties for all proposed algorithms has not been systematically studied. This paper presents the performance of several machine learning based top tagging algorithms on a dataset constructed from simulated proton-proton collision events measured with the ATLAS detector at √ s = 13 TeV. The systematic uncertainties associated with these algorithms are estimated through an approximate procedure that is not meant to be used in a physics analysis, but is appropriate for the level of precision required for this study. The most performant algorithms are found to have the largest uncertainties, motivating the development of methods to reduce these uncertainties without compromising performance. To enable such efforts in the wider scientific community, the datasets used in this paper are made publicly available.</jats:p

Orthostatic hypotension and health outcomes: an umbrella review of observational studies

Purpose: Orthostatic Hypotension (OH) is associated with older age and many negative clinical outcomes in geriatric practice. We aimed to capture the breadth of outcomes that have been associated with the presence of OH and systematically assess the quality, strength and credibility of these associations using an umbrella review with integrated meta-analyses. Methods: We systematically searched several major databases from their commencements through to 16th May 2019 for meta-analyses of observational studies of OH and any health-related outcome. We used these metrics to categorize the strength of evidence of significant outcomes (p<0.05) from class I (convincing) to class IV (weak), according to pre-established criteria. Results: From 975 abstracts, 7 meta-analyses of 12 outcomes were included. For each outcome, the median number of studies was 4, the median number of participants was 46,493, with a median of 3,630 incident cases. There was suggestive (class III) evidence that OH was associated with significantly higher risk of coronary heart disease (HR=1.32, 95%CI: 1.12-1.56), stroke (HR=1.22, 95%CI: 1.08-1.38), congestive heart failure (HR=1.30, 95%CI: 1.09-1.55), all-cause mortality (RR=1.50, 95%CI: 1.24-1.81), falls (OR=1.84, 95%CI: 1.39-2.44), and dementia (HR=1.22, 95%CI: 1.11-1.35). Conclusion: The current evidence base indicates that OH is significantly associated with a range of adverse cardiovascular, cognitive, and mortality outcomes in older people, although the strength of this evidence remains only suggestive. Further research in larger samples and with lower risk of bias is required to build a fuller picture of the impact of OH on health