Supplementary Material for: Citrus Limonin Lacks the Antichemotherapeutic Effect in Human Models of Breast Cancer

<strong><em>Background/Aims:</em></strong> Chemicals that interfere with reactive oxygen species metabolism can act as potential candidates for the treatment of cancer. Some of the glucosides of citrus limonin inhibit the endogenously generated reactive oxygen species. The aim is to study the interactions of limonin with chemotherapy. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 (p53 wild type) and MDA-MB-231 (p53 mutant) as well as the nontumorigenic epithelial cell line MCF-10 were used to screen the effect of limonin at 1-, 5- and 10-µ<i>M</i> concentrations with camptothecin for apoptosis and NFĸB, p38 and ERK-MAPK signaling kinase assays. The effect of cyclophosphamide and limonin on MDA MB 231 xenografts was also studied. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Our results indicate that limonin did not inhibit camptothecin-induced apoptosis in human breast cancer cells in vitro through noninterference of camptothecin-induced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and ERK-MAPK. Using an in vivo model of human breast cancer, limonin in combination with cyclophosphamide was not found to inhibit the cyclophosphamide-induced tumor regression through a reduced mitotic index of tumor xenograft cells when compared to treatment with cyclophosphamide alone. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Both in vitro and in vivo results suggest that limonin could be beneficial for breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy

Multi-location evaluation of cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L.) cultivars for their aroma and flavor related volatile composition using a metabolomics approach

Fruit flavor is a key quality trait associated with consumer preference for muskmelons (Cucumis melo L.) A wide range of aroma compounds play a key role in the flavor profiles of different melon cultivars. This study evaluated VOC profiles of nine cantaloupe cultivars grown in different locations (Texas, Arizona, Georgia, California, North Carolina and Indiana) across the United States during the spring production season (2018). Two consumer-preferred commercial cultivars were purchased and considered as control fruits for comparison. Significant variation in VOC contents was observed among the cultivars and growing locations. The highest and lowest total volatiles were detected in F-39 from GA and TT-DV from TX, respectively. Ketones such as geranylacetone, β-ionone, β-ionone epoxide, and dihydroactinidiolide were the major VOCs in all the cultivars. Principal component analysis (PCA) and Random forest analysis revealed significant clustering among the cultivars based on growing location demonstrating that suitable cantaloupe cultivars for different growing regions can be selected base on this important consumer-preference quality trait