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Permeability measurements using oscillatory flows
© 2020, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. Abstract: We describe a versatile apparatus for measuring the permeability of porous materials using oscillatory flows. The permeabilities are measured by an original spectral analysis of the pressure and fluid-displacement signals. The measurements are shown to be in very good agreement with classical drainage experiments performed on the same device. Our apparatus and methodology will be useful if small fluid displacements are required, for example in reactive porous media. Graphic abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].Royal Society University Research Fellowship
British Antartic Survey Foundation
Isaac Newton Trust
Modeling the Arctic Freshwater System and its integration in the global system: Lessons learned and future challenges
This is the final version of the article. Available from the publisher via the DOI in this record.Numerous components of the Arctic freshwater system (atmosphere, ocean, cryosphere, and terrestrial hydrology) have experienced large changes over the past few decades, and these changes are projected to amplify further in the future. Observations are particularly sparse, in both time and space, in the polar regions. Hence, modeling systems have been widely used and are a powerful tool to gain understanding on the functioning of the Arctic freshwater system and its integration within the global Earth system and climate. Here we present a review of modeling studies addressing some aspect of the Arctic freshwater system. Through illustrative examples, we point out the value of using a hierarchy of models with increasing complexity and component interactions, in order to dismantle the important processes at play for the variability and changes of the different components of the Arctic freshwater system and the interplay between them. We discuss past and projected changes for the Arctic freshwater system and explore the sources of uncertainty associated with these model results. We further elaborate on some missing processes that should be included in future generations of Earth system models and highlight the importance of better quantification and understanding of natural variability, among other factors, for improved predictions of Arctic freshwater system change.The first two authors have contributed
equally to the publication. The Arctic
Freshwater Synthesis has been
sponsored by the World Climate
Research Programme’s Climate and the
Cryosphere project (WCRP-CliC), the
International Arctic Science Committee
(IASC), and the Arctic Monitoring and
Assessment Programme (AMAP). C.L.
acknowledges support from the UK
Natural Environment Research Council.
M.M.H. acknowledges support from NSF
PLR-1417642. D.M.L. is supported by
funding from the U.S. Department of
Energy BER, as part of its Climate Change
Prediction Program, Cooperative
Agreement DE-FC03-97ER62402/A010,
and NSF grants AGS-1048996,
PLS-1048987, and PLS-1304220. J.A.S. is
supported by Natural Environment
Research Council grant NE/J019585/1.
Y.D. is supported by Environment
Canada’s Northern Hydrology program.
We acknowledge the World Climate
Research Programme’s Working Group
on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible
for CMIP, and we thank the climate
modeling groups for producing and
making available their model output. For
CMIP, the U.S. Department of Energy’s
Program for Climate Model Diagnosis
and Intercomparison provides
coordinating support and led
development of software infrastructure
in partnership with the Global
Organization for Earth System Science
Portals. The CMIP data and CESM-LE data
are available through the relevant Web
data portal
Brand management strategy for Korean professional football teams : a model for understanding the relationships between team brand identity, fans' identification with football teams, and team brand loyalty
This research recommends a new approach to brand strategy for Korean professional football teams, focusing on the relationships between team brand identity as the basic element of sports team branding, team brand loyalty as the most desirable goal, and identification between fans and teams as the mediator between identity and loyalty. Nowadays, professional football teams are no longer merely sporting organisations, but organisational brands with multi-million pound revenues. It is vital for football teams to build a relevant brand strategy based on the relationship with their fans. Existing research on sports branding suggests that fans who are deeply identified with a specific team tend to possess extremely high loyalty, holding a particular team as central to their identity. Therefore, managing the relationships between team brand identity, fan-team identification, and team brand loyalty can be the most powerful brand strategy for football teams, particularly for Korean football teams that do not retain strong fan bases and yet desire to gain consumers who identify with them. Through two empirical studies and case study analysis this research investigated a construct of team brand identity in the professional football context. Consumers’ associations with football teams were examined and 13 elements of a team brand identity scale were developed. It was revealed that team brand identity is composed of four identity dimensions which are experience, visual, non-product, and product. Case studies, with a further literature review of team brand identity, clarified and confirmed the first study findings. The final empirical study tested and confirmed the correlated and serial relationships, and provided the basis for the new theoretical model on which to build the brand strategy.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo
Role of the mesoamygdaloid dopamine projection in emotional learning
Amygdala dopamine is crucially involved in the acquisition of Pavlovian associations, as measured via conditioned approach to the location of the unconditioned stimulus (US). However, learning begins before skeletomotor output, so this study assessed whether amygdala dopamine is also involved in earlier 'emotional' learning. A variant of the conditioned reinforcement (CR) procedure was validated where training was restricted to curtail the development of selective conditioned approach to the US location, and effects of amygdala dopamine manipulations before training or later CR testing assessed. Experiment 1a presented a light paired (CS+ group) or unpaired (CS- group) with a US. There were 1, 2 or 10 sessions, 4 trials per session. Then, the US was removed, and two novel levers presented. One lever (CR+) presented the light, and lever pressing was recorded. Experiment 1b also included a tone stimulus. Experiment 2 applied intra-amygdala R(+) 7-OH-DPAT (10 nmol/1.0 A mu l/side) before two training sessions (Experiment 2a) or a CR session (Experiment 2b). For Experiments 1a and 1b, the CS+ group preferred the CR+ lever across all sessions. Conditioned alcove approach during 1 or 2 training sessions or associated CR tests was low and nonspecific. In Experiment 2a, R(+) 7-OH-DPAT before training greatly diminished lever pressing during a subsequent CR test, preferentially on the CR+ lever. For Experiment 2b, R(+) 7-OH-DPAT infusions before the CR test also reduced lever pressing. Manipulations of amygdala dopamine impact the earliest stage of learning in which emotional reactions may be most prevalent
The interplay of microscopic and mesoscopic structure in complex networks
Not all nodes in a network are created equal. Differences and similarities
exist at both individual node and group levels. Disentangling single node from
group properties is crucial for network modeling and structural inference.
Based on unbiased generative probabilistic exponential random graph models and
employing distributive message passing techniques, we present an efficient
algorithm that allows one to separate the contributions of individual nodes and
groups of nodes to the network structure. This leads to improved detection
accuracy of latent class structure in real world data sets compared to models
that focus on group structure alone. Furthermore, the inclusion of hitherto
neglected group specific effects in models used to assess the statistical
significance of small subgraph (motif) distributions in networks may be
sufficient to explain most of the observed statistics. We show the predictive
power of such generative models in forecasting putative gene-disease
associations in the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database. The
approach is suitable for both directed and undirected uni-partite as well as
for bipartite networks
Younger women’s experiences of deciding against delayed breast reconstruction post-mastectomy following breast cancer: An interpretative phenomenological analysis
Most women do not reconstruct their breast(s) post-mastectomy. The experiences of younger women who maintain this decision, although important to understand, are largely absent in the research literature. This interview-based study uses interpretative phenomenological analysis to explore the experiences of six women, diagnosed with primary breast cancer in their 30s/40s, who decided against delayed reconstruction. Findings reported here focus on one superordinate theme (decision-making) from a larger analysis, illustrating that the women’s drive to survive clearly influenced their initial decision-making process. Their tenacity in maintaining their decision is highlighted, despite non-reconstruction sometimes being presented negatively by medical teams. Patient-centred support recommendations are made
Ultrafast control of donor-bound electron spins with single detuned optical pulses
The ability to control spins in semiconductors is important in a variety of
fields including spintronics and quantum information processing. Due to the
potentially fast dephasing times of spins in the solid state [1-3], spin
control operating on the picosecond or faster timescale may be necessary. Such
speeds, which are not possible to attain with standard electron spin resonance
(ESR) techniques based on microwave sources, can be attained with broadband
optical pulses. One promising ultrafast technique utilizes single broadband
pulses detuned from resonance in a three-level Lambda system [4]. This
attractive technique is robust against optical pulse imperfections and does not
require a fixed optical reference phase. Here we demonstrate the principle of
coherent manipulation of spins theoretically and experimentally. Using this
technique, donor-bound electron spin rotations with single-pulse areas
exceeding pi/4 and two-pulses areas exceeding pi/2 are demonstrated. We believe
the maximum pulse areas attained do not reflect a fundamental limit of the
technique and larger pulse areas could be achieved in other material systems.
This technique has applications from basic solid-state ESR spectroscopy to
arbitrary single-qubit rotations [4, 5] and bang-bang control[6] for quantum
computation.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures, submitted 12/2008. Since the submission of this
work we have become aware of related work: J. Berezovsky, M. H. Mikkelsen, N.
G. Stoltz, L. A. Coldren, and D. D. Awschalom, Science 320: 349-352 (2008
'Do you mean I'm not whole?: Exploring the role of support in womens experiences of mastectomy without reconstruction
This study explores the role of others in supporting younger women who opt not to reconstruct their breast post-mastectomy. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six women diagnosed with breast cancer in their 30s/40s. The women lived in England, had been diagnosed a minimum of 5 years previously and had undergone unilateral mastectomy. An interpretative phenomenological analysis revealed three themes: Assuring the self: ‘I’ll love you whatever’, Challenging the self: ‘Do you mean I’m not whole?’ and Accepting the self: ‘I’ve come out the other side’. The women’s experiences of positive support and challenges to their sense of self are discussed.N/
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