198 research outputs found
Plastic Flow in Two-Dimensional Solids
A time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau model of plastic deformation in
two-dimensional solids is presented. The fundamental dynamic variables are the
displacement field \bi u and the lattice velocity {\bi v}=\p {\bi u}/\p t.
Damping is assumed to arise from the shear viscosity in the momentum equation.
The elastic energy density is a periodic function of the shear and tetragonal
strains, which enables formation of slips at large strains. In this work we
neglect defects such as vacancies, interstitials, or grain boundaries. The
simplest slip consists of two edge dislocations with opposite Burgers vectors.
The formation energy of a slip is minimized if its orientation is parallel or
perpendicular to the flow in simple shear deformation and if it makes angles of
with respect to the stretched direction in uniaxial stretching.
High-density dislocations produced in plastic flow do not disappear even if
the flow is stopped. Thus large applied strains give rise to metastable,
structurally disordered states. We divide the elastic energy into an elastic
part due to affine deformation and a defect part. The latter represents degree
of disorder and is nearly constant in plastic flow under cyclic straining.Comment: 16pages, Figures can be obtained at
http://stat.scphys.kyoto-u.ac.jp/index-e.htm
Nuclear transparency from quasielastic A(e,e'p) reactions uo to Q^2=8.1 (GeV/c)^2
The quasielastic (e,ep) reaction was studied on targets of
deuterium, carbon, and iron up to a value of momentum transfer of 8.1
(GeV/c). A nuclear transparency was determined by comparing the data to
calculations in the Plane-Wave Impulse Approximation. The dependence of the
nuclear transparency on and the mass number was investigated in a
search for the onset of the Color Transparency phenomenon. We find no evidence
for the onset of Color Transparency within our range of . A fit to the
world's nuclear transparency data reflects the energy dependence of the free
proton-nucleon cross section.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figure
Vector meson production and nucleon resonance analysis in a coupled-channel approach for energies m_N < sqrt(s) < 2 GeV I: pion-induced results and hadronic parameters
We present a nucleon resonance analysis by simultaneously considering all
pion- and photon-induced experimental data on the final states gamma N, pi N, 2
pi N, eta N, K Lambda, K Sigma, and omega N for energies from the nucleon mass
up to sqrt(s) = 2 GeV. In this analysis we find strong evidence for the
resonances P_{31}(1750), P_{13}(1900), P_{33}(1920), and D_{13}(1950). The
omega N production mechanism is dominated by large P_{11}(1710) and
P_{13}(1900) contributions. In this first part, we present the results of the
pion-induced reactions and the extracted resonance and background properties
with emphasis on the difference between global and purely hadronic fits.Comment: 54 pages, 26 figures, discussion extended, typos corrected,
references updated, to appear in Phys. Rev.
Seismology of the Sun : Inference of Thermal, Dynamic and Magnetic Field Structures of the Interior
Recent overwhelming evidences show that the sun strongly influences the
Earth's climate and environment. Moreover existence of life on this Earth
mainly depends upon the sun's energy. Hence, understanding of physics of the
sun, especially the thermal, dynamic and magnetic field structures of its
interior, is very important. Recently, from the ground and space based
observations, it is discovered that sun oscillates near 5 min periodicity in
millions of modes. This discovery heralded a new era in solar physics and a
separate branch called helioseismology or seismology of the sun has started.
Before the advent of helioseismology, sun's thermal structure of the interior
was understood from the evolutionary solution of stellar structure equations
that mimicked the present age, mass and radius of the sun. Whereas solution of
MHD equations yielded internal dynamics and magnetic field structure of the
sun's interior. In this presentation, I review the thermal, dynamic and
magnetic field structures of the sun's interior as inferred by the
helioseismology.Comment: To be published in the proceedings of the meeting "3rd International
Conference on Current Developments in Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Nano
Physics with Applications", December 14-16, 2011, New Delhi, Indi
Virtual Compton Scattering and Neutral Pion Electroproduction in the Resonance Region up to the Deep Inelastic Region at Backward Angles
We have made the first measurements of the virtual Compton scattering (VCS)
process via the H exclusive reaction in the nucleon resonance
region, at backward angles. Results are presented for the -dependence at
fixed GeV, and for the -dependence at fixed near 1.5 GeV.
The VCS data show resonant structures in the first and second resonance
regions. The observed -dependence is smooth. The measured ratio of
H to H cross sections emphasizes the different
sensitivity of these two reactions to the various nucleon resonances. Finally,
when compared to Real Compton Scattering (RCS) at high energy and large angles,
our VCS data at the highest (1.8-1.9 GeV) show a striking -
independence, which may suggest a transition to a perturbative scattering
mechanism at the quark level.Comment: 20 pages, 8 figures. To appear in Phys.Rev.
Biology, Fishery, Conservation and Management of Indian Ocean Tuna Fisheries
The focus of the study is to explore the recent trend
of the world tuna fishery with special reference to the Indian Ocean
tuna fisheries and its conservation and sustainable management.
In the Indian Ocean, tuna catches have increased rapidly from
about 179959 t in 1980 to about 832246 t in 1995. They have
continued to increase up to 2005; the catch that year was 1201465
t, forming about 26% of the world catch. Since 2006 onwards
there has been a decline in the volume of catches and in 2008
the catch was only 913625 t. The Principal species caught in the
Indian Ocean are skipjack and yellowfin. Western Indian Ocean
contributed 78.2% and eastern Indian Ocean 21.8% of the total
tuna production from the Indian Ocean. The Indian Ocean stock
is currently overfished and IOTC has made some recommendations
for management regulations aimed at sustaining the tuna stock.
Fishing operations can cause ecological impacts of different types:
by catches, damage of the habitat, mortalities caused by lost or
discarded gear, pollution, generation of marine debris, etc. Periodic
reassessment of the tuna potential is also required with adequate
inputs from exploratory surveys as well as commercial landings
and this may prevent any unsustainable trends in the development
of the tuna fishing industry in the Indian Ocean
Plane-wave impulse approximation extraction of the neutron magnetic form factor from quasielastic 3He(e,e′) at Q2=0.3 to 0.6 (GeV/c)2
A high precision measurement of the transverse spin-dependent asymmetry AT′ in 3He(e,e′) quasielastic scattering was performed in Hall A at Jefferson Lab at values of the squared four-momentum transfer, Q2, between 0.1 and 0.6 (GeV/c)2. AT′ is sensitive to the neutron magnetic form factor, GMn. Values of GMn at Q2=0.1 and 0.2 (GeV/c)2, extracted using Faddeev calculations, were reported previously. Here, we report the extraction of GMn for the remaining Q2 values in the range from 0.3 to 0.6 (GeV/c)2 using a plane-wave impulse approximation calculation. The results are in good agreement with recent precision data from experiments using a deuterium target
Plane-wave impulse approximation extraction of the neutron magnetic form factor from quasielastic 3He(e,e′) at Q2=0.3 to 0.6 (GeV/c)2
A high precision measurement of the transverse spin-dependent asymmetry AT′ in 3He(e,e′) quasielastic scattering was performed in Hall A at Jefferson Lab at values of the squared four-momentum transfer, Q2, between 0.1 and 0.6 (GeV/c)2. AT′ is sensitive to the neutron magnetic form factor, GMn. Values of GMn at Q2=0.1 and 0.2 (GeV/c)2, extracted using Faddeev calculations, were reported previously. Here, we report the extraction of GMn for the remaining Q2 values in the range from 0.3 to 0.6 (GeV/c)2 using a plane-wave impulse approximation calculation. The results are in good agreement with recent precision data from experiments using a deuterium target
Coherent π0 photoproduction on the deuteron up to 4 GeV
The differential cross section for 2H(γ,d)π0 has been measured at deuteron center-of-mass angles of 90° and 136°. This work reports the first data for this reaction above a photon energy of 1 GeV, and permits a test of the apparent constituent counting rule and reduced nuclear amplitude behavior as observed in elastic ed scattering. Measurements were performed up to a photon energy of 4.0 GeV, and are in good agreement with previous lower energy measurements. Overall, the data are inconsistent with both constituent-counting rule and reduced nuclear amplitude predictions
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