Capacité d’absorption : revue de littérature, opérationnalisation et exploration

La notion de capacité d’absorption a été étudiée d’un point de vue théorique mais n’a pas fait l’objet d’une opérationnalisation qui permette de l’appréhender. En particulier, les quatre dimensions mises en avant par Zahra et George (2002) : acquisition, assimilation, transformation et exploitation ouvrent une voie intéressante. La recherche conduite est de nature exploratoire, c’est pourquoi les cas de 10 entreprises innovantes sont ici étudiés. Dans une première partie de ce papier, nous resituerons les capacités d’absorption comme part des capacités dynamiques et proposerons une revue de la littérature. Dans la seconde partie, nous chercherons à opérationnaliser la notion de capacité d’absorption afin de tendre vers la construction d’un outil de mesure puis nous intéresserons aux liens entre la stratégie de l’entreprise et sa capacité d’absorption. Enfin, nous mettons en évidence 2 dimensions de la capacité d’absorption ignorées par la littérature

Absorptive capacity : a proposed operationalization

The concept of absorptive capacity has already been considerably studied from a theoretical perspective, but few, if any, attempts at operationalizing the concept have been studied in ways that would allow its full assessment. The more specific focus provided by the four dimensions identified in some recent literature – acquisition, assimilation, transformation and exploitation – opens up some promising avenues for operationalizing the concept. This exploratory research studies and describes case studies of ten innovative companies using a cross-sectional research design. In the first part of the article, we re-examine the concept of absorptive capacity in terms of dynamic capabilities and provide a review of the relevant literature. The second part describes the work accomplished to operationalize the concept of dynamic capability and analyses the possible relationship between the business strategies adopted by the companies studied and their particular strategic capacity

Using job strain and organizational justice models to predict multiple forms of employee performance behaviours among Australian policing personnel

The overall purpose of this investigation was to examine the relationship between stress-related working conditions and three forms of employee performance behaviours: in-role behaviours, citizenship behaviours directed at other individuals and citizenship behaviours directed at the organization. The potentially stressful working conditions were based on the job strain model (incorporating job demands, job control and social support) as well as organizational justice theory. A sample of Australian-based police officers (n = 640) took part in this study and the data were collected via a mail-out survey. Multiple regression analyses were undertaken to assess both the strength and the nature of the relationships between the working conditions and employee performance and these analyses included tests for additive, interactional and curvilinear effects. The overall results indicated that a significant proportion of the explained variance in all three outcome measures was attributed to the additive effects of demand, control and support. The level of variance associated with the organizational justice dimensions was relatively small, although there were signs that specific dimensions of justice may provide unique insights into the relationship between job stressors and employee performance. The implications of these and other notable findings are discussed.<br /

La capacité d&#039;absorption, un état de l&#039;art

Depuis la définition du concept par Cohen et Levinthal (1990), la capacité d’absorption a été abondamment mobilisée dans les recherches sur la connaissance, le transfert des connaissances, l’apprentissage organisationnel, l’innovation ou les alliances stratégiques. Dans la présente revue de littérature, nous tenterons de mieux circonscrire la richesse et la complexité du concept, en abordant notamment les différentes définitions et dimensions de la capacité d’absorption, les facteurs affectant la capacité d’absorption, les liens entre la capacité d’absorption et différents outputs organisationnels, et les modèles fondateurs impliquant la capacité d’absorption. Nous concluons en abordant les développements les plus récents de la littérature sur le concept

Inferring past land use-induced changes in surface albedo from satellite observations: a useful tool to evaluate model simulations

International audienceRegional cooling resulting from increases in surface albedo has been identified in several studies as the main biogeophysical effect of past land use-induced land cover changes (LCC) on climate. However, the amplitude of this effect remains quite uncertain due to, among other factors, (a) uncertainties in the extent of historical LCC and, (b) differences in the way various models simulate surface albedo and more specifically its dependency on vegetation type and snow cover. We derived monthly albedo climatologies for croplands and four other land cover types from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite observations. We then reconstructed the changes in surface albedo between preindustrial times and present-day by combining these climatologies with the land cover maps of 1870 and 1992 used by seven land surface models (LSMs) in the context of the LUCID (" Land Use and Climate: identification of robust Impacts ") intercomparison project. These reconstructions show surface albedo increases larger than 10 % (absolute) in winter, and larger than 2 % in summer between 1870 and 1992 over areas that experienced intense deforestation in the northern temperate regions. The historical surface albedo changes estimated with MODIS data were then compared to those simulated by the various climate models participating in LUCID. The inter-model mean albedo response to LCC shows a similar spatial and seasonal pattern to the one resulting from the MODIS-based reconstructions, that is, larger albedo increases in winter than in summer, driven by the presence of snow. However, individual models show significant differences between the simulated albedo changes and the corresponding reconstructions, despite the fact that land cover change maps are the same. Our analyses suggest that the primary reason for those discrepancies is how LSMs parameterize albedo. Another reason, of secondary importance, results from differences in their simulated snow extent. Our methodology is a useful tool not only to infer observations-based historical changes in land surface variables impacted by LCC, but also to point out deficiencies of the models. We therefore suggest that it could be more widely developed and used in conjunction with other tools in order to evaluate LSMs

Influence du type de broyage et de la granulation sur la valeur énergétique de la graine de colza chez le porc en croissance

National audienc

Influence du type de broyage et de la granulation sur la valeur énergétique de la graine de colza chez le porc en croissance

National audienc