Brucella abortus d'origine bovine au Sénégal : identification et typage

Cent quatre-vingt une souches de Brucella d'origine bovine, isolées au Sénégal, de 1976 à 1978, ont été identifiées par l'ensemble des épreuves recommandées par le sous-Comité de la Taxonomie de ce genre bactérien. Leurs caractères sont, pour l'essentiel, conformes à la définition de l'espèce Brucella abortus au sein de laquelle 180 souches appartiennent au biotype 3 et une au biotype 1. Deux caractères inhabituels pour cette espèce distinguent toutefois les souches sénégalaises: leur réponse négative - à une exception près - à l'épreuve de l'oxydase et leur profil moyen d'oxydation métabolique modifié au niveau de 4 des substrats conventionnels (L-asparagine, L-arabinose, D-galactose et D-xylose). Ces deux caractères originaux sont discutés d'un double point de vue, épidémiologique et taxonomiqu

Brucellosis in Sub-Saharan Africa:Current challenges for management, diagnosis and control

Brucellosis is a highly contagious zoonosis caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella and affecting domestic and wild mammals. In this paper, the bacteriological and serological evidence of brucellosis in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and its epidemiological characteristics are discussed. The tools available for the diagnosis and treatment of human brucellosis and for the diagnosis and control of animal brucellosis and their applicability in the context of SSA are presented and gaps identified. These gaps concern mostly the need for simpler and more affordable antimicrobial treatments against human brucellosis, the development of a B. melitensis vaccine that could circumvent the drawbacks of the currently available Rev 1 vaccine, and the investigation of serological diagnostic tests for camel brucellosis and wildlife. Strategies for the implementation of animal vaccination are also discussed.Publishe

Velocity-space sensitivity of the time-of-flight neutron spectrometer at JET

The velocity-space sensitivities of fast-ion diagnostics are often described by so-called weight functions. Recently, we formulated weight functions showing the velocity-space sensitivity of the often dominant beam-target part of neutron energy spectra. These weight functions for neutron emission spectrometry (NES) are independent of the particular NES diagnostic. Here we apply these NES weight functions to the time-of-flight spectrometer TOFOR at JET. By taking the instrumental response function of TOFOR into account, we calculate time-of-flight NES weight functions that enable us to directly determine the velocity-space sensitivity of a given part of a measured time-of-flight spectrum from TOFOR

Relationship of edge localized mode burst times with divertor flux loop signal phase in JET

A phase relationship is identified between sequential edge localized modes (ELMs) occurrence times in a set of H-mode tokamak plasmas to the voltage measured in full flux azimuthal loops in the divertor region. We focus on plasmas in the Joint European Torus where a steady H-mode is sustained over several seconds, during which ELMs are observed in the Be II emission at the divertor. The ELMs analysed arise from intrinsic ELMing, in that there is no deliberate intent to control the ELMing process by external means. We use ELM timings derived from the Be II signal to perform direct time domain analysis of the full flux loop VLD2 and VLD3 signals, which provide a high cadence global measurement proportional to the voltage induced by changes in poloidal magnetic flux. Specifically, we examine how the time interval between pairs of successive ELMs is linked to the time-evolving phase of the full flux loop signals. Each ELM produces a clear early pulse in the full flux loop signals, whose peak time is used to condition our analysis. The arrival time of the following ELM, relative to this pulse, is found to fall into one of two categories: (i) prompt ELMs, which are directly paced by the initial response seen in the flux loop signals; and (ii) all other ELMs, which occur after the initial response of the full flux loop signals has decayed in amplitude. The times at which ELMs in category (ii) occur, relative to the first ELM of the pair, are clustered at times when the instantaneous phase of the full flux loop signal is close to its value at the time of the first ELM

Comparative efficacity of strain 2 and rev.1 vaccines in protecting sheep against B.melitensis infection. ( Report on the experiment performed at INRA-Nouzilly, from february 1990 to july 1991)

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Development of a 3D printed water cooled bolometric camera for long pulse operation in WEST From design to manufacturing

International audienceWEST is a full tungsten (W) superconducting, water cooled tokamak, targeted at mastering long pulse operation in a metallic environment. It is equipped with two divertors at the top and bottom of the machine. As the new holding structures of the top divertor are occupying most of the space in the vertical ports, it was necessary to redesign the vertical bolometer and install it in-vessel to recover the view of the full poloidal section. We present here the solutions which were adopted to fulfill this goal

Mutual repression of transcriptional activation between the ETS-related factor ERG and estrogen receptor

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