The effects of dietary fibre type on satiety-related hormones and voluntary food intake in dogs

Depending on type and inclusion level, dietary fibre may increase and maintain satiety and postpone the onset of hunger. This 7-week study evaluated the effect of fibre fermentability on physiological satiety-related metabolites and voluntary food intake (VFI) in dogs. Sixteen healthy adult dogs were fed a low-fermentable fibre (LFF) diet containing 8·5 % cellulose or a high-fermentable fibre (HFF) diet containing 8·5 % sugarbeet pulp and 2 % inulin. Large intestinal fibre degradation was evaluated by apparent faecal digestibility of nutrients and faecal SCFA and NH3 concentrations. Postprandial blood samples were obtained to determine postprandial plasma glucose, insulin, total peptide tyrosine–tyrosine (PYY), total glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and total ghrelin concentrations. At the end of the study, the dogs were given a single meal of a dry dog food to determine VFI. Dogs fed the HFF diet had a significantly higher large intestinal fibre degradation and production of SCFA compared with the dogs fed the LFF diet. The HFF-fed dogs tended (P = 0·058) to show a lower VFI at the end of the study. No treatment effects were found for postprandial plasma glucose, PYY, GLP-1 and ghrelin responses. The concentrations of these metabolites could not be related to the observed difference in VFI. The inclusion of fermentable fibre in canine diets may contribute to the prevention or mitigation of obesity through its effects on satiety. The underlying mechanisms require further investigatio

Nutriënten Waterproof : Nitraatnorm op zand verdraagt geen intensieve landbouw

Van 2005 tot en met 2008 zijn twee bedrijfssystemen getest op proefbedrijf Vredepeel. Door handhaving of verbetering van de bodemkwaliteit blijft het productievermogen van de bodem intact en is de benutting van nutriënten wellicht hoger. Met een integrale aanpak zijn bodemkwaliteit en ‑gezondheid, vruchtwisseling en bemesting beter op elkaar af te stemmen en kunnen mogelijk rendabele productiesystemen worden ontworpen die voldoen aan de milieucriteria. Ook het goed inspelen op stikstofmineralisatie c.q. benutten van alle stikstof uit andere bronnen dan meststoffen hoort daarbij

Gravid uterine torsion after prone positioning in SARS-CoV2 (COVID-19)-related acute respiratory distress syndrome

A multiparous pregnant patient was admitted to the intensive care unit in her third trimester of pregnancy for prone positioning mechanical ventilation after developing SARS-CoV2 (COVID-19)-related acute respiratory distress syndrome. Repositioning in left lateral tilt was followed by uterine contractions and cardiotocography alterations. Preterm caesarean section was performed based on persistent foetal tachycardia and suspected foetal distress, followed by a per-operative diagnosis of uterine levotorsion. This case report is the first to explore a potential causal link between prolonged prone positioning in late pregnancy and postural gravid uterine torsion and highlights the need for appropriate foetal monitoring during prone positioning mechanical ventilation support

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The role of hydrodynamics in structuring in situ ammonium uptake within a submerged macrophyte community

In low-nutrient, macrophyte-dominated coastal zones, benthic ammonium (NH4+) uptake may be influencedby the structural properties of plant canopies via their effect on near-bed hydrodynamics. Using adual-tracer (uranine and 15NH4+) method that does not require enclosures, we examined how this processaffects nutrient uptake rates within a tidally dominated, patchy Caulerpa prolifera–Cymodocea nodosalandscape. NH4+ uptake was determined by calculating tissue 15N excesses and correcting for 15N enrichmentas derived from uranine concentration. Vertical hydrodynamic profiles were measured in thedownstream flow direction from outside to inside of the C. nodosa bed by using an array of acousticDoppler velocimeters. The transition from a C. prolifera to a C. nodosa bed included a change in bothbenthic canopy properties (short and dense to tall and sparse) and sediment topography (0.2-m increasein water column depth) that resulted in an increase in longitudinal advection and turbulent diffusivitywithin the C. nodosa canopy between 0.5 and 1.5mfrom the leading edge. Vertical differences in canopywater exchange appeared to explain variations in uptake between biotic functional groups; however, noclear differences in longitudinal uptake were found. Using in situ labeling, this study demonstrated for thefirst time the role of hydrodynamics in structuring NH4+ uptake within an undisturbed, patchy macrophytelandscape

Friese en Groninger Kwelderwerken : monitoring en beheer 1960-2014

Een belangrijk ecologisch doel voor de Waddenzee is een zo groot en natuurlijk mogelijk areaal kwelders. Mede daarom wordt in de half-natuurlijke kwelderwerken langs Friese en Groninger vastelandskust het beheer geleidelijk aangepast naar duurzamer en minder kunstmatig. Langetermijnmonitoring doorRijkswaterstaat van hoogte- en vegetatieontwikkeling begeleidt deze verandering. Het gemiddelde areaal kwelder en pionierzone voldoet ruimschoots aan de voor de kwelderwerken gestelde eisen. Echter door opslibbing worden kwelders hoger, waarbij de vegetatie door successie verandert en er uiteindelijk een soortenarme vegetatie van Zeekweek kan ontstaan. Een bijkomend effect in de kwelderwerken is dat er door successie, op termijn, weinig ruimte overblijft in de overgangszone van laaggelegen wad naar hooggelegen horizontaal uitbreidende kwelder voor pioniervegetatie met Zeekraal, terwijl de Waddenzee daar het belangrijkste gebied voor is. Beweiding vertraagt weliswaar de ontwikkeling naar climaxvegetatie, maar voor grotere algehele natuurlijkheid zou meer dynamiek, waarbij aangroei en afslag van kwelders in evenwicht zijn door cyclische successie, uitkomst kunnen bieden. Er gaat onderzocht worden of een aangepast beheer van de rijshoutdammen hierbij kan helpen.<br/

Introducing a mechanistic model in digital soil mapping to predict soil organic matter stocks in the Cantabrian region (Spain)

Open Access Article; Published online: 12 Jun 2020Digital soil mapping (DSM) is an effective mapping technique that supports the increased need for quantitative soil data. In DSM, soil properties are correlated with environmental characteristics using statistical models such as regression. However, many of these relationships are explicitly described in mechanistic simulation models. Therefore, the mechanistic relationships can, in theory, replace the statistical relationships in DSM. This study aims to develop a mechanistic model to predict soil organic matter (SOM) stocks in Natura2000 areas of the Cantabria region (Spain). The mechanistic model is established in four steps: (a) identify major processes that influence SOM stocks, (b) review existing models describing the major processes and the respective environmental data that they require, (c) establish a database with the required input data, and (d) calibrate the model with field observations. The SOM stocks map resulting from the mechanistic model had a mean error (ME) of −2 t SOM ha−1 and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 66 t SOM ha−1. The Lin's concordance correlation coefficient was 0.47 and the amount of variance explained (AVE) was 0.21. The results of the mechanistic model were compared to the results of a statistical model. It turned out that the correlation coefficient between the two SOM stock maps was 0.8. This study illustrated that mechanistic soil models can be used for DSM, which brings new opportunities. Mechanistic models for DSM should be considered for mapping soil characteristics that are difficult to predict by statistical models, and for extrapolation purposes