875 research outputs found
The other-race effect in children from a multiracial population: A cross-cultural comparison
The role of experience with other-race faces on the development of the ORE was investigated through a cross-cultural comparison between 5- to 6-year-old (n = 83) and 13- to 14-year-old (n = 66) children raised in a monoracial (British-White) and a multiracial (Malaysian-Chinese) population. British-White children showed an ORE to three other-race faces (Chinese, Malay, and African-Black) that was stable across age. Malaysian-Chinese children showed recognition deficit for less experienced faces (African-Black) but showed a recognition advantage for faces of which they have direct or indirect experience. Interestingly, younger (Malaysian-Chinese) children showed no ORE for female faces such that they can recognize all female faces regardless of race. These findings point to the importance of early race and gender experiences in re-organizing the face representation to accommodate changes in experience across development
In infancy, the developmental time course of the other-race effect is dependent on face gender
Poorer recognition of other-race faces relative to own-race faces is well documented from late infancy to adulthood. Research has revealed an increase in the other race effect (ORE) during the first year of life, but there is some disagreement regarding the age at which it emerges. Using cropped faces to eliminate discrimination based on external features, visual paired comparison and spontaneous visual preference measures were used to investigate the relationship between ORE and face gender at 3-4 and 8-9 months. Caucasian-White 3- to 4-month-olds' discrimination of Chinese, Malay, and Caucasian-White faces showed an own-race advantage for female faces alone whereas at 8-9 months the own-race advantage was general across gender. This developmental effect is accompanied by a preference for female over male faces at 4 months and no gender preference at 9 months. The pattern of recognition advantage and preference suggests that there is a shift from a female-based own-race recognition advantage to a general own-race recognition advantage, in keeping with a visual and social experience-based account of ORE
Orientation Effects in the Development of Linear Object Tracking in Early Infancy
Infants' oculomotor tracking develops rapidly but is poorer when there are horizontal and vertical movement components. Additionally, persistence of objects moving through occlusion emerges at 4 months but initially is absent for objects moving obliquely. In two experiments we recorded eye movements of 32 4-month-old and 32 6-month-old infants (mainly Caucasian-White) tracking horizontal, vertical, and oblique trajectories. Infants tracked oblique trajectories less accurately, but six-month-olds tracked more accurately, such that they tracked oblique trajectories as accurately as 4-month-olds tracked horizontal and vertical trajectories. Similar results emerged when the object was temporarily occluded. Thus, 4-month-olds’ tracking of oblique trajectories may be insufficient to support object persistence, whereas 6-month-olds may track sufficiently accurately to perceive object persistence for all trajectory orientations
Nucleon-nucleon momentum correlation function for light nuclei
Nucleon-nucleon momentum correlation function have been presented for nuclear
reactions with neutron-rich or proton-rich projectiles using a nuclear
transport theory, namely Isospin-Dependent Quantum Molecular Dynamics model.
The relationship between the binding energy of projectiles and the strength of
proton-neutron correlation function at small relative momentum has been
explored, while proton-proton correlation function shows its sensitivity to the
proton density distribution. Those results show that nucleon-nucleon
correlation function is useful to reflect some features of the neutron- or
proton-halo nuclei and therefore provide a potential tool for the studies of
radioactive beam physics.Comment: Talk given at the 18th International IUPAP Conference on Few-Body
Problems in Physics (FB18), Santos, Brasil, August 21-26, 2006. To appear in
Nucl. Phys.
Scaling of anisotropy flows in intermediate energy heavy ion collisions
Anisotropic flows (, and ) of light nuclear clusters are
studied by a nucleonic transport model in intermediate energy heavy ion
collisions. The number-of-nucleon scalings of the directed flow () and
elliptic flow () are demonstrated for light nuclear clusters. Moreover,
the ratios of of nuclear clusters show a constant value of 1/2
regardless of the transverse momentum. The above phenomena can be understood by
the coalescence mechanism in nucleonic level and are worthy to be explored in
experiments.Comment: Invited talk at "IX International Conference on Nucleus-Nucleus
Collisions", Rio de Janeiro, Aug 28- Sept 1, 2006; to appear on the
proceeding issue in Nuclear Physics
Resonant transmission through an open quantum dot
We have measured the low-temperature transport properties of a quantum dot
formed in a one-dimensional channel. In zero magnetic field this device shows
quantized ballistic conductance plateaus with resonant tunneling peaks in each
transition region between plateaus. Studies of this structure as a function of
applied perpendicular magnetic field and source-drain bias indicate that
resonant structure deriving from tightly bound states is split by Coulomb
charging at zero magnetic field.Comment: To be published in Phys. Rev. B (1997). 8 LaTex pages with 5 figure
Dataset of characteristic remanent magnetization and magnetic properties of early Pliocene sediments from IODP Site U1467 (Maldives platform)
This data article describes data of magnetic stratigraphy and anisotropy of isothermal remanent magnetization (AIRM) from "Magnetic properties of early Pliocene sediments from IODP Site U1467 (Maldives platform) reveal changes in the monsoon system" [1]. Acquisition of isothermal magnetization on pilot samples and anisotropy of isothermal remanent magnetization are reported as raw data; magnetostratigraphic data are reported as characteristic magnetization (ChRM).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Single-hole properties in the - and strong-coupling models
We report numerical results for the single-hole properties in the -
model and the strong-coupling approximation to the Hubbard model in two
dimensions. Using the hopping basis with over states we discuss (for an
infinite system) the bandwidth, the leading Fourier coefficients in the
dispersion, the band masses, and the spin-spin correlations near the hole. We
compare our results with those obtained by other methods. The band minimum is
found to be at () for the - model for , and for the strong-coupling model for . The bandwidth
in both models is approximately at large , in rough agreement with
loop-expansion results but in disagreement with other results. The
strong-coupling bandwidth for t/J\agt6 can be obtained from the - model
by treating the three-site terms in first-order perturbation theory. The
dispersion along the magnetic zone face is flat, giving a large
parallel/perpendicular band mass ratio.Comment: 1 RevTeX file with epsf directives to include 8 .eps figures 8 figure
files encoded using uufile
Defects and glassy dynamics in solid He-4: Perspectives and current status
We review the anomalous behavior of solid He-4 at low temperatures with
particular attention to the role of structural defects present in solid. The
discussion centers around the possible role of two level systems and structural
glassy components for inducing the observed anomalies. We propose that the
origin of glassy behavior is due to the dynamics of defects like dislocations
formed in He-4. Within the developed framework of glassy components in a solid,
we give a summary of the results and predictions for the effects that cover the
mechanical, thermodynamic, viscoelastic, and electro-elastic contributions of
the glassy response of solid He-4. Our proposed glass model for solid He-4 has
several implications: (1) The anomalous properties of He-4 can be accounted for
by allowing defects to freeze out at lowest temperatures. The dynamics of solid
He-4 is governed by glasslike (glassy) relaxation processes and the
distribution of relaxation times varies significantly between different
torsional oscillator, shear modulus, and dielectric function experiments. (2)
Any defect freeze-out will be accompanied by thermodynamic signatures
consistent with entropy contributions from defects. It follows that such
entropy contribution is much smaller than the required superfluid fraction, yet
it is sufficient to account for excess entropy at lowest temperatures. (3) We
predict a Cole-Cole type relation between the real and imaginary part of the
response functions for rotational and planar shear that is occurring due to the
dynamics of defects. Similar results apply for other response functions. (4)
Using the framework of glassy dynamics, we predict low-frequency yet to be
measured electro-elastic features in defect rich He-4 crystals. These
predictions allow one to directly test the ideas and very presence of glassy
contributions in He-4.Comment: 33 pages, 13 figure
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