Sequential symbol synchronizers based on clock sampling by positive transitions

This work presents a sequential symbol synchronizer, that was discovered by us, and its functioning principle is based on the clock sampling by the input positive data transitions. This synchronizer has two topologies, namely the discrete and the continuous. Also, each topology has two versions which are the manual and the automatic. These synchronizers are very interesting, because the previous adjust of the manual version isn’t critical. The objective is to study the four synchronizers and to evaluate their output jitter UIRMS (Unit Interval Root Mean Square) versus input SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio)

Prefilter bandwidth effects in data symbol phase synchronizers of open loop

This work studies the effects of the prefilter bandwidth on the open loop symbol synchronizers. We consider three different prefilter bandwidth, namely, B1=¥ ( infinite), B2=2.tx and B3=1.tx, where tx is the transmission rate. We consider also four open loop symbol synchronizers, namely, the tank (tank), the SAW (SAW), the monostable (mon), and the astable (ast). The objective is to study the prefilter bandwidth with the four open loop symbol synchronizers and to evaluate their output jitter UIRMS (Unit Interval Root Mean Square) versus input SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio)

Prefilter bandwidth effects in sequential symbol synchronizers based on clock sampling by positive transitions

This work studies the effects of the prefilter bandwidth in the sequential symbol synchronizers based on clock sampling by positive transitions. The prefilter bandwidth B is switched between three values, namely B1=∞, B2=2. tx and B3=1. tx, where tx is the bit rate. The synchronizer has two variants, one discrete and other continuous. Each variant has two versions, one manual and other automatic. The objective is to study the prefilter bandwidth with the four synchronizers and to evaluate their output jitter UIRMS (Unit Interval Root Mean Square) versus input SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio)

Effects of the previous pulse shift and filter on the symbol synchronizer PLL

We will study the effects of the shift of the previous pulse temporal position (between P1 and P2) on the symbol synchronizers jitter behavior. Each pulse temporal position (P1 and P2), with the same previous filter, forms a group with four different carrier PLL (Phase Lock Loop) namely the analog, hybrid, combinational and sequential. The main objective is to study the synchronizers output jitter UIRMS (Unit Interval Root Mean Squared) as function of the input SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio)

Sequential symbol synchronizers based on pulse comparison operating by positive transitions at quarter rate

This work presents the sequential symbol synchronizer based on pulse comparison by positive transitions at quarter rate (txp/4). Their performance is compared with a reference synchronizer by both transitions at the rate (tx). For the reference and proposed synchronizer we consider two versions which are the manual (m) and the automatic (a). The objective is to study the four synchronizers and evaluate their output jitter UIRMS (Unit Interval Root Mean Square) versus input SNR (Signal Noise Ratio)

Sequential symbol synchronizers based on pulse comparation at Half Rate

This work presents a synchronizer based on pulse comparation, between variable and fixed pulses. We consider four synchronizers, divided in two variants, one variant operate at the rate and the other at half rate. Each synchronizer variant has two versions which are the manual and the automatic. The objective is to study the synchronizers and evaluate the output jitter UIRMS (Unit Interval Root Mean Square) versus the input SNR (Signal Noise Ratio)

Synchronous and asynchronous sequential symbol synchronizers

In this work, we present two synchronizer groups: the synchronous and the asynchronous. The synchronous group is based in forward logic with flip flops and the asynchronous group is based in forward logic with delay line feedback. In each group we consider two versions: the manual and the automatic. The main objective is to study the two groups, each one with two versions and to observe its jitter performance as function of the noise

Wettability influences cell behavior on superhydrophobic surfaces with different topographies

Surface wettability and topography are recognized as critical factors influencing cell behavior on biomaterials. So far only few works have reported cell responses on surfaces exhibiting extreme wettability in combination with surface topography. The goal of this work is to study whether cell behavior on superhydrophobic surfaces is influenced by surface topography and polymer type. Biomimetic superhydrophobic rough surfaces of polystyrene and poly(l-lactic acid) with different micro/nanotopographies were obtained from smooth surfaces using a simple phase-separation based method. Total protein was quantified and showed a less adsorption of bovine serum albumin onto rough surfaces as compared to smooth surfaces of the same material. The mouse osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cell line and primary bovine articular chondrocytes were used to study cell attachment and proliferation. Cells attached and proliferate better in the smooth surfaces. The superhydrophobic surfaces allowed cells to adhere but inhibited their proliferation. This study indicates that surface wettability, rather than polymer type or the topography of the superhydrophobic surfaces, is a critical factor in determining cell behavior

SEISMO-ELECTROMAGNETIC PHENOMENA IN TECTONICALLY ACTIVE REGIONS

This work presents a research plan that aims to monitor seismo-electromagnetic signals in seismic active regions. Two effects will be considered: electromagnetic field emissions and radio broadcastings. Our study will be focused in the analysis of low magnitude earthquakes almost completely disregarded in literature. We aim to collect novel seismo-electromagnetic emission data emerging from seismic activity. We expect to address the time variation of electromagnetic properties of the crust in relation with the strain field and complement it with the development of proper models. Experimental studies based on the electrical properties of rocks will also be done aiming the understanding of pressure stimulated currents and voltages that produce detectable electromagnetic radiation and can be a cause for seismo-electromagnetic signals

Sex and Exercise Intensity Do Not Influence Oxygen Uptake Kinetics in Submaximal Swimming.

The aim of this study was to compare the oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]) kinetics in front crawl between male and female swimmers at moderate and heavy intensity. We hypothesized that the time constant for the primary phase [Formula: see text] kinetics was faster in men than in women, for both intensities. Nineteen well trained swimmers (8 females mean ± SD; age 17.9 ± 3.5 years; mass 55.2 ± 3.6 kg; height 1.66 ± 0.05 m and 11 male 21.9 ± 2.8 years; 78.2 ± 11.1 kg; 1.81 ± 0.08 m) performed a discontinuous maximal incremental test and two 600-m square wave transitions for both moderate and heavy intensities to determine the [Formula: see text] kinetics parameters using mono- and bi-exponential models, respectively. All the tests involved breath-by-breath analysis of front crawl swimming using a swimming snorkel. The maximal oxygen uptake [Formula: see text] was higher in men than in women [4,492 ± 585 ml·min(-1) and 57.7 ± 4.4 ml·kg(-1)·min(-1) vs. 2,752.4 ± 187.9 ml·min(-1) (p ≤ 0.001) and 50.0 ± 5.7 ml·kg(-1)·min(-1)(p = 0.007), respectively]. Similarly, the absolute amplitude of the primary component was higher in men for both intensities (moderate: 1,736 ± 164 vs. 1,121 ± 149 ml·min(-1); heavy: 2,948 ± 227 vs. 1,927 ± 243 ml·min(-1), p ≤ 0.001, for males and females, respectively). However, the time constant of the primary component (τp) was not influenced by sex (p = 0.527) or swimming intensity (p = 0.804) (moderate: 15.1 ± 5.6 vs. 14.4 ± 5.1 s; heavy: 13.5 ± 3.3 vs. 16.0 ± 4.5 s, for females and males, respectively). The slow component in the heavy domain was not significantly different between female and male swimmers (3.2 ± 2.4 vs. 3.8 ± 1.0 ml·kg(-1)·min(-1), p = 0.476). Overall, only the absolute amplitude of the primary component was higher in men, while the other [Formula: see text] kinetics parameters were similar between female and male swimmers at both moderate and heavy intensities. The mechanisms underlying these similarities remain unclear