Photomodulation of transmembrane transport and potential by stiff-stilbene based bis(thio)ureas

NWOSupramolecular & Biomaterials Chemistr

Capture cross sections from (p,d) reactions

Cross sections for compound-nuclear reactions involving unstable targets are important for many applications, but can often not be measured directly. Several indirect methods have been proposed to determine neutron capture cross sections for unstable isotopes. We consider an approach that aims at constraining statistical calculations of capture cross sections with data obtained from light-ion transfer reactions such as (p,d). We discuss the theoretical descriptions that have to be developed in order to extract meaningful cross section constraints from such data and show some benchmark results

Research of working area development parameters in conditions of deep steep deposit finalizing

Отримано формули розрахунку об’єму запасів корисних копалин в приконтурній та глибинній зоні. Встановлено характер впливу параметрів доробки глибоких крутоспадних родовищ відкритим способом на доцільне положення поточних та проектних контурів кар’єру. Встановлено, що найменший середній коефіцієнт розкриву досягається при мінімальному значенні суми обсягів корисної копалини приконтурної зони лежачого і висячого боків покладу в проектному положенні. Найменший поточний коефіцієнт розкриву досягається при мінімальному значенні суми обсягів корисної копалини приконтурної зони лежачого і висячого боків покладу, а також робочого борту кар'єру в поточному положенні

A high precision n-p scattering measurement at 14.9 MeV

The n-p scattering angular distribution was measured with 14.9 MeV incident neutrons using the traditional time-of-flight technique with neutron-gamma discrimination. The scattering angle varied from 20o to 65o (laboratory system) in 5o incremental steps. The efficiency of the neutron detectors was measured in the energy range 2–9 MeV relative to the 252Cf-standard, and was calculated using Monte Carlo methods in the 2–14 MeV energy range. Two methods of analysis were applied for experimental and simulated data: a traditional approach with a fixed threshold, and a dynamic threshold approach. The present data agree with the ENDF/B-VII evaluation for the shape of n-p angular distribution within about 1.5%

A Pre-Landing Assessment of Regolith Properties at the InSight Landing Site

This article discusses relevant physical properties of the regolith at the Mars InSight landing site as understood prior to landing of the spacecraft. InSight will land in the northern lowland plains of Mars, close to the equator, where the regolith is estimated to be ≥3--5 m thick. These investigations of physical properties have relied on data collected from Mars orbital measurements, previously collected lander and rover data, results of studies of data and samples from Apollo lunar missions, laboratory measurements on regolith simulants, and theoretical studies. The investigations include changes in properties with depth and temperature. Mechanical properties investigated include density, grain-size distribution, cohesion, and angle of internal friction. Thermophysical properties include thermal inertia, surface emissivity and albedo, thermal conductivity and diffusivity, and specific heat. Regolith elastic properties not only include parameters that control seismic wave velocities in the immediate vicinity of the Insight lander but also coupling of the lander and other potential noise sources to the InSight broadband seismometer. The related properties include Poisson’s ratio, P- and S-wave velocities, Young’s modulus, and seismic attenuation. Finally, mass diffusivity was investigated to estimate gas movements in the regolith driven by atmospheric pressure changes. Physical properties presented here are all to some degree speculative. However, they form a basis for interpretation of the early data to be returned from the InSight mission.Additional co-authors: Nick Teanby and Sharon Keda

Global impact of COVID-19 on stroke care and IV thrombolysis

Objective To measure the global impact of COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of IV thrombolysis (IVT), IVT transfers, and stroke hospitalizations over 4 months at the height of the pandemic (March 1 to June 30, 2020) compared with 2 control 4-month periods. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional, observational, retrospective study across 6 continents, 70 countries, and 457 stroke centers. Diagnoses were identified by their ICD-10 codes or classifications in stroke databases. Results There were 91,373 stroke admissions in the 4 months immediately before compared to 80,894 admissions during the pandemic months, representing an 11.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] -11.7 to -11.3, p < 0.0001) decline. There were 13,334 IVT therapies in the 4 months preceding compared to 11,570 procedures during the pandemic, representing a 13.2% (95% CI -13.8 to -12.7, p < 0.0001) drop. Interfacility IVT transfers decreased from 1,337 to 1,178, or an 11.9% decrease (95% CI -13.7 to -10.3, p = 0.001). Recovery of stroke hospitalization volume (9.5%, 95% CI 9.2-9.8, p < 0.0001) was noted over the 2 later (May, June) vs the 2 earlier (March, April) pandemic months. There was a 1.48% stroke rate across 119,967 COVID-19 hospitalizations. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection was noted in 3.3% (1,722/52,026) of all stroke admissions. Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a global decline in the volume of stroke hospitalizations, IVT, and interfacility IVT transfers. Primary stroke centers and centers with higher COVID-19 inpatient volumes experienced steeper declines. Recovery of stroke hospitalization was noted in the later pandemic months.Paroxysmal Cerebral Disorder

Therapeutic Trends of Cerebrovascular Disease during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Future Perspectives.

As of May 2022, there have been more than 400 million cases (including re-infections) of the systemic acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and nearly 5 million deaths worldwide. Not only has the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic been responsible for diagnosis and treatment delays of a wide variety of conditions, and overwhelmed the allocation of healthcare resources, it has impacted the epidemiology and management of cerebrovascular disease. In this narrative review, we summarize the changing paradigms and latest data regarding the complex relationship between COVID-19 and cerebrovascular disease. Paradoxically, although SARS-CoV-2 has been associated with many thrombotic complications-including ischemic stroke-there have been global declines in ischemic stroke and other cerebrovascular diseases. These epidemiologic shifts may be attributed to patient avoidance of healthcare institutions due to fear of contracting the novel human coronavirus, and also related to declines in other transmissible infectious illnesses which may trigger ischemic stroke. Despite the association between SARS-CoV-2 and thrombotic events, there are inconsistent data regarding targeted antithrombotics to prevent venous and arterial events. In addition, we provide recommendations for the conduct of stroke research and clinical trial planning during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, and for future healthcare crises

Supplementary Material for: Factors associated with discharge against medical advice among acute stroke patients: Analysis of the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample

Background: Patients discharged against medical advice have been shown to have worse outcomes across a host of different conditions. However, risk factors related to an increased odds of discharge against medical advice remain understudied in patients who suffer from acute cerebral infarction. Methods: We retrospectively examined the 2019 National Emergency Department Sample Database for stroke patients. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate associations between patient- and hospital-level factors and the outcome of discharge against medical advice. Results: Of the 603,623 encounters for acute ischemic stroke, 8858 (1.5%) were discharged against medical advice. Predictors of discharge against medical advice were lower income quartile and having either Medicaid insurance (odds ratio [OR] 1.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10-1.58) or being uninsured (OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.03-1.58). Vascular comorbidities associated with discharge against medical advice included prior tobacco use (OR 1.60, 95%CI 1.45-1.78) and coronary artery disease (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.04-1.35). Treatment with thrombectomy (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.13-0.78) or systemic thrombolysis (OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.23-0.66) was inversely associated with discharge against medical advice. A high modified Charlson Comorbidity Index (3+ vs. 0, OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.42-0.56) was also associated with a lower odds of discharge against medical advice. Presenting to a Northeastern hospital had the highest rate of discharge against medical advice, when compared to other regions (p<0.05). Conclusions: Certain patient-level, socioeconomic, and regional factors were associated with discharge against medical advice following acute stroke. These patient and systems-level factors warrant heightened attention in order to optimize acute care and secondary prevention strategies