Ultrasonic energy for proteomics: when, where and how

Comunicaciones a congreso

Estudios de marcado y recaptura de especies marinas

Los resultados obtenidos del marcado y posterior recaptura de los ejemplares son una herramienta muy valiosa para contribuir a mejorar el conocimiento de la biología y ecología de una especie, examinando ciertos aspectos como son: el crecimiento, los movimientos o migraciones, la mortalidad o supervivencia, la abundancia y distribución de la especie, el hábitat y diferenciación de poblaciones o stocks. Actualmente la técnica de marcado se aplica a muchas especies, tanto terrestres como marinas, pertenecientes a diversos grupos zoológicos: peces, crustáceos, reptiles, moluscos y mamíferos. Este libro repasa algunos ejemplos de marcado de especies marinas de interés comercial. No todas las especies pueden ser marcadas, porque es necesario cumplir una serie de requisitos para poder llevar a cabo con éxito un experimento de marcado. En uno de los apartados de esta guía, se describen los distintos aspectos a tener en cuenta para obtener buenos resultados. Se describen los principales proyectos de marcado actualmente en ejecución o en marcha llevados a cabo por el Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO). En primer lugar, se describe brevemente la especie, su distribución, crecimiento, reproducción, alimentación, etc. A continuación, se presenta la información del marcado, es decir, campañas realizadas, número de ejemplares marcados y algunos de los resultados obtenidos hasta la fecha a partir de las recapturas disponibles. En algunas especies, los programas de marcado se llevan realizando desde hace más de 20 años, como es el caso del atún rojo, por lo que la información disponible es bastante amplia. En otros casos por el contrario como la merluza, los proyectos son relativamente recientes, no obstante los resultados son bastante interesantes y prometedores.Nowadays many different marine animals are being tagged. This book summarizes recent tagging programs carried out by the Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO). Although the objectives of these various studies mainly depend on the species and each project in particular, the general aim is to better understand the biology and ecology of these animals the structure and dynamics of their populations and their capacity to respond to human activities. This book provides an overview of different aspects of this technique such as a brief history of tagging, the types of tags currently used, including both conventional and electronic tags, where and how to put them on the marine animals, some recommendations regarding how to perform a tagging survey and where to go or what to do if anyone recovers a tagged fish or marine animal. The book then summarizes the main species tagged by the IEO, making a short description of their biology followed by some of the results obtained from tagging studies undertaken until now. Other applications are to know the spatial distribution (spawning or feeding areas), estimate growth parameters, mortality and survival rates, longevity, the size of the population or identifying stocks. Nowadays the advances in electronics have also open new fields such us the possibility of tracking an animal and knowing its habitat preferences and behaviour. Besides some of these tags have the capacity of recording this information during long periods and sending the data from long distances even without the need to recover the animal. Tagging activities constitute a very useful tool to improve the knowledge of many species and contribute to their management and conservation. For that reason this methodology is included in many IEO projects in which other activities like the monitoring of the fishery (landings, fishing effort, fleet characteristics, fishing areas, biological sampling, etc.) are carried out. Some projects are related with coastal pelagic fisheries including anchovy, sardine and mackerel or oceanic pelagic fisheries like tuna and billfish species and pelagic sharks. Others are focused on benthic and demersal species such as hake, black spot seabream, anglerfish, flatfish, etc. Nevertheless not all species can be tagged, as they have to survive being caught and handled before being release. For this reason, tagging techniques may not easily be applied to some species.Versión del edito

Search for Tensor, Vector, and Scalar Polarizations in the Stochastic Gravitational-Wave Background

The detection of gravitational waves with Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo has enabled novel tests of general relativity, including direct study of the polarization of gravitational waves. While general relativity allows for only two tensor gravitational-wave polarizations, general metric theories can additionally predict two vector and two scalar polarizations. The polarization of gravitational waves is encoded in the spectral shape of the stochastic gravitational-wave background, formed by the superposition of cosmological and individually unresolved astrophysical sources. Using data recorded by Advanced LIGO during its first observing run, we search for a stochastic background of generically polarized gravitational waves. We find no evidence for a background of any polarization, and place the first direct bounds on the contributions of vector and scalar polarizations to the stochastic background. Under log-uniform priors for the energy in each polarization, we limit the energy densities of tensor, vector, and scalar modes at 95% credibility to Ω0T<5.58×10-8, Ω0V<6.35×10-8, and Ω0S<1.08×10-7 at a reference frequency f0=25 Hz. © 2018 American Physical Society

On the progenitor of binary neutron star merger GW170817

On 2017 August 17 the merger of two compact objects with masses consistent with two neutron stars was discovered through gravitational-wave (GW170817), gamma-ray (GRB 170817A), and optical (SSS17a/AT 2017gfo) observations. The optical source was associated with the early-type galaxy NGC 4993 at a distance of just ∼40 Mpc, consistent with the gravitational-wave measurement, and the merger was localized to be at a projected distance of ∼2 kpc away from the galaxy's center. We use this minimal set of facts and the mass posteriors of the two neutron stars to derive the first constraints on the progenitor of GW170817 at the time of the second supernova (SN). We generate simulated progenitor populations and follow the three-dimensional kinematic evolution from binary neutron star (BNS) birth to the merger time, accounting for pre-SN galactic motion, for considerably different input distributions of the progenitor mass, pre-SN semimajor axis, and SN-kick velocity. Though not considerably tight, we find these constraints to be comparable to those for Galactic BNS progenitors. The derived constraints are very strongly influenced by the requirement of keeping the binary bound after the second SN and having the merger occur relatively close to the center of the galaxy. These constraints are insensitive to the galaxy's star formation history, provided the stellar populations are older than 1 Gyr

Constraints on cosmic strings using data from the first Advanced LIGO observing run

Cosmic strings are topological defects which can be formed in grand unified theory scale phase transitions in the early universe. They are also predicted to form in the context of string theory. The main mechanism for a network of Nambu-Goto cosmic strings to lose energy is through the production of loops and the subsequent emission of gravitational waves, thus offering an experimental signature for the existence of cosmic strings. Here we report on the analysis conducted to specifically search for gravitational-wave bursts from cosmic string loops in the data of Advanced LIGO 2015-2016 observing run (O1). No evidence of such signals was found in the data, and as a result we set upper limits on the cosmic string parameters for three recent loop distribution models. In this paper, we initially derive constraints on the string tension Gμ and the intercommutation probability, using not only the burst analysis performed on the O1 data set but also results from the previously published LIGO stochastic O1 analysis, pulsar timing arrays, cosmic microwave background and big-bang nucleosynthesis experiments. We show that these data sets are complementary in that they probe gravitational waves produced by cosmic string loops during very different epochs. Finally, we show that the data sets exclude large parts of the parameter space of the three loop distribution models we consider

Evolución histórica y situación actual de la pesquería española de pez espada (Xiphias Gladius)

A brief synthesis summarizing the changes which have occurred in the Spanish surface longline fishery, which targets swordfish, as well as a description of the present situation for the north Atlantic as well as for the Mediterranean is presented. This description distinguishes between the two fleets, one based in ports in the northwest of Spain (Galicia) and the other in the southwest (Andalucia), which together form the Spanish fleet that fishes in the Atlantic. In conclusion, the Atlantic fishery has been expanding since the 1970's, while in the Mediterranean the fleet is stable.Le present document fournit une breve synthese qui resume l'evolution de la peche espagnole de palangre de surface visant l'espadon, ainsi qu'un exposé sur la situation actuelle, pour l'Atlantique nord comme pour la Méditerranée. Cet exposé distingue deux flottilles, l'une basée au nord­ ouest (Galice) et l'autre au sud-ouest (Andalousie) de l'Espagne, et qui composent la flottille espagnole qui peche dans l'Atlantique. En termes généraux, on observe une pêcherie qui est en expansion dans l' Atlantique depuis les années soixante-dix alors qu'elle s'est stabilisée en Mediterranée.Se presenta una breve síntesis que resume la evolución que ha experi­mentado la pesquería española de palangre de superficie, dirigida al pez espada, así como una exposición de la actual situación, tanto para el Atlántico Norte como para el Mediterráneo. Esta exposición discierne sobre las dos flotas, una con base en puertos del NW (Galicia) y otra en el SW (Andalucía) de España, y que en su conjunto forman la flota española que pesca en el Atlántico. En conjunto, nos encontramos con una pesquería, que en el Atlántico, se encuentra en una fase de expansión desde la década de los años 70, mientras que en el Mediterráneo se encuentra estabilizada

Relaciones talla-peso del pez espada (Xiphias Gladius L.) en las áreas BIL 94 y BIL 95, por estratos espacio-temporales

In this document, size-weight (round and gilled and gutted) equations for swordfish are presented by time-area strata. To get these equations, 17,627 individuals were sampled from the six fishing areas in the Atlantic and Mediterranean where the Spanish commercial fleet normally fish for swordfish. Significant differences are found between these equations. The changes in the coefficient "b" of the size-weight equations during the year in different areas are studied and how the coefficient changes is compared to latitudes, areas and seasons in which the individuals were caught.Le présent document présente, par strate spatio-temporelle, les équations taille/poids (vif et éviscéré) de l'espadon. On a échantillonné dans ce but 17.627 individus en provenance des six zones de pêche de l'Atlantique et de la Méditerranée, ou travaille normalement la flottille commercia­le espagnole de pêche à l'espadon. On observe des différences significatives entre les équations mentionnées ci-dessus. On étudie l'évolution du coefficient "b'' des équations taille/poids tout au long de l'année dans les différentes zones; le comportement est examiné en fonction de la latitude, des zones et des époques de capture des individus.En este documento se presentan(por estrato espacio-temporal) ecuaciones talla-peso (vivo y eviscerado) del pez espada. Para ello se muestrearon 17.627 ejemplares procedentes de las seis áreas de pesca del Atlántico y del Mediterráneo en donde faena habitualmente la flota comercial eapañola del pez espada. Se encuentran diferencias significativas entre las ecuaciones antes mencionadas. Se estudia la evolución del coeficiente "b" de las ecuaciones talla-peso a lo largo del año en las distintas áreas, y se relaciona su comportamiento con la latitud, las áreas y las épocas en que fueron capturados los ejemplares