Seed storage conditions change the germination pattern of clonal growth plants in Mediterranean salt marshes.

8 páginas, 4 tablas, 8 figuras.The effect of salinity level and extended exposure to different salinity and flooding conditions on germination patterns of three saltmarsh clonal growth plants (Juncus subulatus, Scirpus litoralis, and S. maritimus) was studied. Seed exposure to extended flooding and saline conditions significantly affected the outcome of the germination process in a different, though predictable, way for each species, after favorable conditions for germination were restored. Tolerance of the germination process was related to the average salinity level measured during the growth/germination season at sites where established individuals of each species dominated the species cover. No relationship was found between salinity tolerance of the germination process and seed response to extended exposure to flooding and salinity conditions. The salinity response was significantly related to the conditions prevailing in the habitats of the respective species during the unfavorable (nongrowth/nongermination) season. Our results indicate that changes in salinity and hydrology while seeds are dormant affect the outcome of the seed-bank response, even when conditions at germination are identical. Because these environmental-history-dependent responses differentially affect seed germination, seedling density, and probably sexual recruitment in the studied and related species, these influences should be considered for wetland restoration and managementFinancial support from the Spanish Ministry of the Environment (MMA, project 05/99) and the Junta de Andalucía (research group 4086)enabled us to carry out the present work.Peer reviewe

Seed storage conditions change the germination pattern of clonal growth plants in Mediterranean salt marshes.

8 páginas, 4 tablas, 8 figuras.The effect of salinity level and extended exposure to different salinity and flooding conditions on germination patterns of three saltmarsh clonal growth plants (Juncus subulatus, Scirpus litoralis, and S. maritimus) was studied. Seed exposure to extended flooding and saline conditions significantly affected the outcome of the germination process in a different, though predictable, way for each species, after favorable conditions for germination were restored. Tolerance of the germination process was related to the average salinity level measured during the growth/germination season at sites where established individuals of each species dominated the species cover. No relationship was found between salinity tolerance of the germination process and seed response to extended exposure to flooding and salinity conditions. The salinity response was significantly related to the conditions prevailing in the habitats of the respective species during the unfavorable (nongrowth/nongermination) season. Our results indicate that changes in salinity and hydrology while seeds are dormant affect the outcome of the seed-bank response, even when conditions at germination are identical. Because these environmental-history-dependent responses differentially affect seed germination, seedling density, and probably sexual recruitment in the studied and related species, these influences should be considered for wetland restoration and managementFinancial support from the Spanish Ministry of the Environment (MMA, project 05/99) and the Junta de Andalucía (research group 4086)enabled us to carry out the present work.Peer reviewe

Doñana. Acta vertebrata. vol 24(1/2)

Alimentación de la lagartija colilarga Psammodromus algirus (L) (Sauria, Lacertidae), en el litoral de Huelva (SO EspañaLa alimentación de Myotis myotis Borkh, 1791 (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) en la cuenca del rio Guadix (sureste de España)Distribución y selección de hábitat de la garduña (Martes foina, Erxleben, 1777) en Vizcaya y Sierra Salvada (Burgos).Nuevo modelo de trampa para reducir el impacto de la pesca de cangrejos sobre los vertebrados en las marismas del GuadalquiviThe functions of song and the spatial pattern of song production in the rufous bush chat (Cercotrichas galactotes)Migración e invernada de las lavanderas cascadena Motacilla cinerea y blanca M. alba en la Penínula Ibérica e Islas BalearesAbundancia y reproducción de Glis glis (Linnaeus, 1766) (Rodentia, Gliridae) en el Pirineo occidental.Estatus de residencia, categorización trófica y abundancia de aves en el zoológico de La Plata, ArgentinaAvifauna reproductora y estructura del hábitat en la campiña y sierras Subbéticas de JaénDispersión de semillas de retama (Retama sphaerocarpa (L.) Boiss por el conejo (Oryctolagus cuniculus L.) en el centro de EspañaGuía para la identificación de restos óseos pertenecientes a algunos peces comunes en las aguas continentales de la Península Ibérica para el estudio de la dieta de depredadores ictiófagosDistribución y abundancia del corzo (Capreolus capreolus L. 1758) en la provincia de JaénAlimentación de las larvas de anuros en ambientes temporales del sistema del rio Paraná, Argentina.Mauremys leprosa como presa de Lutra lutraNota sobre la alimentación del lince ibérico en el Parque Natural de la Sierra de Andújar (Sierra Morena oriental)Presencia de Echinococcus granulosus (Cestoda) en un lobo ibérico (Canis lupusLa orientación de los nidos de paseriformes estepariosComparación de la dieta obtenida a partir de muestras estomacales y fecales del Tuco-tuco, Ctenomys mendocinus, en dos poblaciones de la precordillera de los Andes, ArgentinaEstructura genética y distribución de la variabilidad enzimática en poblaciones naturales de estornino negro (Sturnus unicolor)Estimación de la disponibilidad trófica para el quebrantahuesos (Gypaetus barbatus) en Cataluña (NE España) e implicaciones sobre su conservaciónPeer reviewe

Seguimiento de las guías españolas para el manejo del asma por el médico de atención primaria: un estudio observacional ambispectivo

Objetivo Evaluar el grado de seguimiento de las recomendaciones de las versiones de la Guía española para el manejo del asma (GEMA 2009 y 2015) y su repercusión en el control de la enfermedad. Material y métodos Estudio observacional y ambispectivo realizado entre septiembre del 2015 y abril del 2016, en el que participaron 314 médicos de atención primaria y 2.864 pacientes. Resultados Utilizando datos retrospectivos, 81 de los 314 médicos (25, 8% [IC del 95%, 21, 3 a 30, 9]) comunicaron seguir las recomendaciones de la GEMA 2009. Al inicio del estudio, 88 de los 314 médicos (28, 0% [IC del 95%, 23, 4 a 33, 2]) seguían las recomendaciones de la GEMA 2015. El tener un asma mal controlada (OR 0, 19, IC del 95%, 0, 13 a 0, 28) y presentar un asma persistente grave al inicio del estudio (OR 0, 20, IC del 95%, 0, 12 a 0, 34) se asociaron negativamente con tener un asma bien controlada al final del seguimiento. Por el contrario, el seguimiento de las recomendaciones de la GEMA 2015 se asoció de manera positiva con una mayor posibilidad de que el paciente tuviera un asma bien controlada al final del periodo de seguimiento (OR 1, 70, IC del 95%, 1, 40 a 2, 06). Conclusiones El escaso seguimiento de las guías clínicas para el manejo del asma constituye un problema común entre los médicos de atención primaria. Un seguimiento de estas guías se asocia con un control mejor del asma. Existe la necesidad de actuaciones que puedan mejorar el seguimiento por parte de los médicos de atención primaria de las guías para el manejo del asma. Objective: To assess the degree of compliance with the recommendations of the 2009 and 2015 versions of the Spanish guidelines for managing asthma (Guía Española para el Manejo del Asma [GEMA]) and the effect of this compliance on controlling the disease. Material and methods: We conducted an observational ambispective study between September 2015 and April 2016 in which 314 primary care physicians and 2864 patients participated. Results: Using retrospective data, we found that 81 of the 314 physicians (25.8%; 95% CI 21.3–30.9) stated that they complied with the GEMA2009 recommendations. At the start of the study, 88 of the 314 physicians (28.0%; 95% CI 23.4–33.2) complied with the GEMA2015 recommendations. Poorly controlled asthma (OR, 0.19; 95% CI 0.13–0.28) and persistent severe asthma at the start of the study (OR, 0.20; 95% CI 0.12–0.34) were negatively associated with having well-controlled asthma by the end of the follow-up. In contrast, compliance with the GEMA2015 recommendations was positively associated with a greater likelihood that the patient would have well-controlled asthma by the end of the follow-up (OR, 1.70; 95% CI 1.40–2.06). Conclusions: Low compliance with the clinical guidelines for managing asthma is a common problem among primary care physicians. Compliance with these guidelines is associated with better asthma control. Actions need to be taken to improve primary care physician compliance with the asthma management guidelines

Control of a Selective Power Compensator by means of an optimization algorithm subject to quadratic constraints

[ES] El objetivo fundamental de este artículo es proponer un algoritmo de optimización basado en desigualdades matriciales lineales (LMIs) para la compensación selectiva del desequilibrio, el desfase y la distorsión armónica de las corrientes de carga de un sistema trifásico a cuatro hilos. Mediante el IEEE Std.1459 se determinan los términos de potencia que cuantifican cada uno de los fenómenos no eficientes a compensar (desequilibrio, desfase y distorsión) y, a continuación, se define la programación cuadrática sujeta a restricciones cuadráticas y la forma de resolver la optimización mediante LMIs. El algoritmo utiliza unos coeficientes de ponderación asociados a cada uno de los términos no eficientes para darles más o menos importancia relativa en función del criterio elegido en cada momento. Por otro lado, se realiza el diseño del condensador de corriente continua y los reguladores para el control de la tensión de dicho condensador. Así mismo, se diseñan tres tipos diferentes de reguladores para el control de corriente del SAPC y se analizan las prestaciones de cada uno de ellos. Finalmente se simulan diferentes casos de compensación selectiva, se analizan los resultados obtenidos y se exponen las conclusiones.[EN] The main goal of this work is the proposal of an optimization algorithm based on linear matrix inequalities (LMI) used to selectively compensate the unbalance, the harmonic distortion, and the phase shift introduced by the load currents in a three phase four-wire system. The use of the IEEE Std.1459 allows determining each of the power terms associated to these non-efficient phenomena. Once these power terms are defined, a quadratically constrained quadratic program is set and solved by LMIs. The algorithm uses three weighting coefficients associated to each non-efficient term in order to assign them a relative importance depending on a user determined criterion. Moreover, the paper presents the design of the DC bus capacitor as well as the regulators used to control its voltage. Furthermore, three different regulators are introduced and designed to control the SAPC currents. A comparison among them is also introduced. Finally, simulation results for different selective compensation cases are presented, analyzed and various conclusions are extracted.Este trabajo ha sido realizado bajo el proyecto “Desarrollo e implementación de estrategias de control para un sistema Compensador-Generador es aplicaciones de microrredes” (P1·1A2011-12), financiado por la Universitat Jaume I de Castelló y la Fundació Caixa Castelló-Bancaixa.Alfonso Gil, J.; Ariño, C.; Pérez, E.; Beltrán, H. (2015). Control de un compensador activo selectivo mediante un algoritmo de optimización sujeto a restricciones cuadráticas. Revista Iberoamericana de Automática e Informática industrial. 12(1):13-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riai.2014.10.001OJS1324121Akagi, Hirofumi, Edson Watanabe and Mauricio Aredes. 2008. “More Power to You (review of Instantaneous Power Theory and Applications to Power Conditioning by Akagi, H. et Al.; 2007).” IEEE Power and Energy Magazine 6 (1): 80-81.Alfonso-Gil, J. C, C Ariño, H Beltrán, and E Pérez. 2013. “Comparative Study of Current Controllers for Shunt Active Power Compensators Used in Smart Grid Applications.” International Conference on Renewable Energies and Power Quality (ICREPQ’13). Bilbao (Spain): 978-84-695-6965-8.Alfonso-Gil, J. C., C. Ariño, C. Bernad Viciano, H. Beltran, and E. Pérez. 2014 “Control de La Tensión Del Bus de Continua de Un Filtro Activo de Tipo Paralelo.” XXXV Jornadas de Automática. Valencia: 122-129.Alfonso-Gil, Jose Carlos, Jose Joaquin Vague-Cardona, Salvador Orts-Grau, Francisco J. Gimeno-Sales, and Salvador Segui-Chilet. 2013. “Enhanced Grid Fundamental Positive-Sequence Digital Synchronization Structure.” IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 28 (1) (January): 226-234.Boyd, Stephen, Laurent El Ghaoui, Eric Feron, and Venkataramanan Balakrishnan. 1994. Linear Matrix Inequalities in System and Control Theory.Briz, Fernando, Pablo Garcia, Michael W. Degner, David Diaz-Reigosa, and Juan Manuel Guerrero. 2013. “Dynamic Behavior of Current Controllers for Selective Harmonic Compensation in Three-Phase Active Power Filters.” IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 49 (3) (May): 1411– 1420.Dixon, J., S. Tepper, and L. Mor n. 1996. “Practical Evaluation of Different Modulation Techniques for Current-Controlled Voltage Source Inverters.” IEEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications 143 (4): 301. Gupta Nitin S. P. Singh and S. P. Dubey. 2011. “Fuzzy Logic Controlled Shunt Active Power Filter for Reactive Power Compensation and Harmonic Elimination.” In 2011 2nd International Conference on Computer and Communication Technology (ICCCT-2011), 82-87.Anon, “IEEE Standard Definitions for the Measurement of Electric Power Quantities Under Sinusoidal, Nonsinusoidal, Balanced, or Unbalanced Conditions.” 2010.Khadem S.K. M. Basu and M.F. Conlon. 2014. “Harmonic Power Compensation Capacity of Shunt Active Power Filter and Its Relationship with Design Parameters.” Power Electronics, IET 7 (2) (February 1): 418-430.Kuiava R. R. A. Ramos and N. G. Bretas. 2009. “Control Design of a STATCOM with Energy Storage System for Stability and Power Quality Improvements.” In 2009 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology, 1-6.Liu Fangrui and Ali I. Maswood. 2006. “A Novel Variable Hysteresis Band Current Control of Three-Phase Three-Level Unity PF Rectifier With Constant Switching Frequency.” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 21 (6) (November): 1727-1734.Lobo, Miguel Sousa, Lieven Vandenberghe, Stephen Boyd, and Hervé Lebret. 1998. “Applications of Second-Order Cone Programming.” Linear Algebra and Its Applications 284 (1-3) (November): 193-228.Lofberg J. 2004. “YALMIP: A Toolbox for Modeling and Optimization in MATLAB.” In 2004 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37508), 284-289.Malesani L. P. Tenti E. Gaio and R. Piovan. 1991. “Improved Current Control Technique of VSI PWM Inverters with Constant Modulation Frequency and Extended Voltage Range.” IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 27 (2): 365-369.Miranda Homero Víctor C rdenas and Elvia Palacios. 2008. “Una Alternativa Para Regular Los Buses de CC En Un Filtro Activo Paralelo Con Inversor de 5 Niveles En Cascada.” Revista Iberoamericana de Automática E Informática Industrial RIAI 5 (3): 29-36.Mishra M.K. A. Joshi and A. Ghosh. 2003. “Control Schemes for Equalization of Capacitor Voltages in Neutral Clamped Shunt Compensator.” IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 18 (2) (April): 538-544.Orts, S., F.J. Gimeno-Sales, A. Abellan, S. Segui-Chilet, M. Alcaniz, and R. Masot. 2008. “Achieving Maximum Efficiency in Three-Phase Systems With a Shunt Active Power Compensator Based on IEEE Std. 1459.” IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 23 (2) (April): 812-822.Orts-Grau, S., J.C. Alfonso-Gil, F.J. Gimeno-Sales, and S. Segui-Chilet. 2010. “New Resolution of the Unbalance Power According to Std. 1459.” IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 25 (1) (January): 341-350.Orts-Grau, S., F. J. Gimeno-Sales, A. Abellan-Garcia, S. Segui-Chilet, and J. C. Alfonso-Gil. 2010. “Improved Shunt Active Power Compensator for IEEE Standard 1459 Compliance.” IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 25 (4) (October): 2692-2701.Orts-Grau, S., F.J. Gimeno-Sales, S. Segui-Chilet, A. Abellan-Garcia, M. Alcaniz, and R. Masot-Peris. 2008. “Selective Shunt Active Power Compensator Applied in Four-Wire Electrical Systems Based on IEEE Std. 1459.” IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 23 (4) (October): 2563-2574.Orts-Grau, S., F.J. Gimeno-Sales, S. Segui-Chilet, A. Abellan-Garcia, M. Alcaniz-Fillol, and R. Masot-Peris. 2009. “Selective Compensation in Four-Wire Electric Systems Based on a New Equivalent Conductance Approach.” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 56 (8) (August): 2862-2874.Patidar R. D. and S. P. Singh. 2010. “Digital Signal Processor Based Shunt Active Filter Controller for Customer-Generated Harmonics and Reactive Power Compensation.” Electric Power Components and Systems 38 (8) (May 28): 937-959.Ponnaluri S. and A. Brickwedde. 2001. “Generalized System Design of Active Filters.” In 2001 IEEE 32nd Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference (IEEE Cat. No.01CH37230), 3:1414-1419. IEEE.Prusty, Smruti Ranjan, Saswat Kumar Ram, B.D. Subudhi, and K.K. Mahapatra. 2011. “Performance Analysis of Adaptive Band Hysteresis Current Controller for Shunt Active Power Filter.” In 2011 International Conference on Emerging Trends in Electrical and Computer Technology, 425-429.Rudnick, H., J. Dixon and L. Moran. 2003. “Delivering Clean and Pure Power.” IEEE Power and Energy Magazine 1 (5) (September): 32-40.Salmeron P. and R.S. Herrera. 2006. “Distorted and Unbalanced Systems Compensation Within Instantaneous Reactive Power Framework.” IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 21 (3) (July): 1655-1662.Shah, Mihir C., Siddharthsingh K. Chauhan, P. N. Tekwani, and Ram Ratan Tiwari. 2014. “Analysis Design and Digital Implementation of a Shunt Active Power Filter with Different Schemes of Reference Current Generation.” IET Power Electronics 7 (3) (March 1): 627-639.Singh B. and V. Verma. 2008. “Selective Compensation of Power-Quality Problems Through Active Power Filter by Current Decomposition.” IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 23 (2) (April): 792-799.Singh Bhim Vishal Verma and Jitendra Solanki. 2007. “Neural Network- Based Selective Compensation of Current Quality Problems in Distribution System.” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 54 (1) (February): 53-60.Singh, G.K., A.K. Singh and R. Mitra. 2007. “A Simple Fuzzy Logic Based Robust Active Power Filter for Harmonics Minimization under Random Load Variation.” Electric Power Systems Research 77 (8) (June): 1101– 1111.Sturm Jos F. 1999. “Using SeDuMi 1.02 A Matlab Toolbox for Optimization over Symmetric Cones.” Optimization Methods and Software 11 (1-4) (January): 625-653.Zhou, Hua, Yun Wei Li, Navid R. Zargari, Zhongyaun Cheng, Ruoshui Ni, and Ye Zhang. 2014. “Selective Harmonic Compensation (SHC) PWM for Grid-Interfacing High-Power Converters.” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 29 (3) (March): 1118-1127

Non-fundamental effective apparent powerdefined through an instantaneous power approach

This paper proposes a new definition of non-fundamental effective apparent power based on an analysis of instantaneous power flows. This new instantaneous power approach for the calculation of the non-fundamental effective apparent power extends, and adapts for new electrical conditions, the procedure applied by IEEE Std. 1459 for the quantification of active and reactive power in single-phase systems. This proposed approach is based on the analysis of per-phase and three-phase instantaneous power flows when a three-phase four-wire balanced non-linear load is connected to an ideal power network that supplies a set of positive-sequence fundamental voltages. The per-phase and three-phase instantaneous power flows caused by positive-, negative-, and zero-sequence harmonic load currents are analyzed. The results obtained for the load zero-sequence harmonic currents disagree with the results obtained when applying IEEE Std. 1459. As a consequence, a new definition of the effective quantities is proposed. A comparison between the new definitions and IEEE Std. 1459 definitions is made in the paper.The authors wish to thank the fundacion carolina for the assistance provided to nicolas munoz-galeano to undertake his Ph.D. Studies at the universidad politecnica de valencia. A revision of the English used in this paper was funded by the universidad politecnica de valencia.Muñoz Galeano, N.; Alfonso Gil, JC.; Orts-Grau, S.; Segui-Chilet, S.; Gimeno Sales, FJ. (2011). Non-fundamental effective apparent powerdefined through an instantaneous power approach. International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems. 33(10):1711-1720. doi:10.1016/j.ijepes.2011.08.013S17111720331