On the 2-categories of weak distributive laws

A weak mixed distributive law (also called weak entwining structure) in a 2-category consists of a monad and a comonad, together with a 2-cell relating them in a way which generalizes a mixed distributive law due to Beck. We show that a weak mixed distributive law can be described as a compatible pair of a monad and a comonad, in 2-categories extending, respectively, the 2-category of comonads and the 2-category of monads. Based on this observation, we define a 2-category whose 0-cells are weak mixed distributive laws. In a 2-category K which admits Eilenberg-Moore constructions both for monads and comonads, and in which idempotent 2-cells split, we construct a fully faithful 2-functor from this 2-category of weak mixed distributive laws to K^{2 x 2}.Comment: 15 pages LaTeX source, final version to appear in Comm. Algebr

Wind trajectory tracing for air pollution studies (AIRPOL)

Wind trajectory computer program, consisting of data handling program and analysis program, traces Los Angeles Basin wind patterns either backward or forward in time. Program may be applicable to other areas

Developing Comprehensive Diabetes Education Materials for Structured Patient Education Programs in Primary Care Setting

Diabetes education is a key factor for a successful diabetes care. Comprehensive diabetes education materials for conducting structured diabetes education programs were rarely found in primary care setting in Indonesia. There was a need for developing new, comprehensive diabetes education materials for low-literate readers. Developing these education materials followed standard steps in developing print materials, and took account tips for writing low literacy materials for poor readers. The new diabetes education materials consisted of ten various leaflets, also printed as14 posters and 14 x-banners. The ten diabetes leaflets were pre-tested to 5 people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). After minor revisions, the leaflets were printed and distributed to 88 people with T2D attending two structured diabetes education programs in Yogyakarta City. These 88 people were requested to evaluate the leaflets using an evaluation form consisting of four items on language usage, font size, use of pictures, and diabetes information with a 1-10 rating scale; and an open-ended question for improvement. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the results. Most participants thought that the leaflets were easy to understand and read, interesting, and simple. Majority of participants (79.7%) gave favorable comments without providing suggestions for improvement, such as: “The diabetes leaflets are already good and easy to understand” One third of the participants gave suggestions for improvement. The comprehensive diabetes leaflets developed were well received and highly appreciated by people with T2D attending diabetes education programs

Joint perception: gaze and beliefs about social context

The way that we look at images is influenced by social context. Previously we demonstrated this phenomenon of joint perception. If lone participants believed that an unseen other person was also looking at the images they saw, it shifted the balance of their gaze between negative and positive images. The direction of this shift depended upon whether participants thought that later they would be compared against the other person or would be collaborating with them. Here we examined whether the joint perception is caused by beliefs about shared experience (looking at the same images) or beliefs about joint action (being engaged in the same task with the images). We place our results in the context of the emerging field of joint action, and discuss their connection to notions of group emotion and situated cognition. Such findings reveal the persuasive and subtle effect of social context upon cognitive and perceptual processes

A Cost-benefit Analysis of Information Security Mitigation Methods for ORVIs

In this paper we reviewed the cost-benefit analysis of Information Security and applied to Organisations Responsible for Vulnerable Individuals (ORVIs). Our research investigates the mitigation value and cost effectiveness of mitigation methods which discussed findings based on business focus and evaluation. Research findings indicated metrics for calculations assumptions, as proposed in the research work and thus, determined that the relative data analysis presented for cost comparable scores of the mitigation methods adopted. It is recommended from our analysis that ORVIs implement Internal Penetration Testing alongside Policy implementation due to the added benefit this combination has for this specific use-case

Design and analysis of a control system for an optical delay-line circuit used as reconfigurable gain equalizer

The design and analysis of a control system for a coherent two-port lattice-form optical delay-line circuit used as reconfigurable gain equalizer is presented. The design of the control system, which is based on a real device model and a least-square optimization method, is described in detail. Analysis on a five-stage device for the 32 possible solutions of phase parameters showed that, for some filter characteristics, the variations in power dissipation can vary up to a factor of 2. Furthermore, the solution selection has influence on the optimization result and number of iterations needed. A sensitivity analysis of the phase parameters showed that the allowable error in the phase parameters should not exceed a standard deviation of /spl pi//500 in order to achieve a total maximal absolute accuracy error not greater than approximately 0.6 dB. A five-stage device has been fabricated using planar lightwave circuit technology that uses the thermooptic effect. Excellent agreement between simulations and measurements has been achieved

Really Leaving No Child behind: How the Supreme Court\u27s Student Speech Doctrine Compromises Modern Education Reform - And How It Can Use the In Loco Parentis Doctrine to Change It

tudent speech doctrine defined by Tinker in favor of an in loco parentis standard that defers to the expertise of school officials in maintaining a safe, effective, and orderly school environment. Contrary to what its critics assume, an in loco parentis standard would not give school officials carte blanche to violate their students\u27 rights. It would, for example, prohibit school officials from discriminating against students on the basis of viewpoint. But as long as Tinker\u27s student speech doctrine survives, efforts to improve our schools and prepare our children for the rigors of the twenty-first century will suffer. The in loco parentis standard recognizes that these efforts are as important as protecting student speech rights and it therefore tolerates restrictions on speech to ensure the success of educational reforms. This concept of in loco parentis, does not fully embrace the English notion that parents delegate their authority over their children to school officials. Rather, Part II describes how that concept evolved into the American concept of preparing children for their civic roles in the Republic. It also tracks the way courts treated school disciplinary policies, from the laissez-faire attitude of nineteenth century judges to the skepticism of their post-Vietnam counterparts. Part III explains why reformulating the Court\u27s student discipline doctrine to emphasize a school\u27s in loco parentis-responsibilities is necessary to raise academic achievement and ensure that students finish high school-the most compelling interests in modern education policy. Part IV considers the counter-arguments and explains why we should not be as concerned when the government regulates speech in its nonsovereign capacity, such as when it acts as an educator. It also describes how the in loco parentis standard properly defers to the authority of school officials while prohibiting them from disciplining students in a way that promotes one viewpoint over another. Finally, Part V compares how a recent student speech cases would have been decided under the in loco parentis standard. The comparison concludes that an in loco parentis standard provides as much protection for student speech rights as the current student speech doctrine without compromising the ability of educators to control their classrooms