Three dimensional flow field inside compressor rotor, including blade boundary layers

The flow in a turbomachinery blade passage has a predominant flow direction. The viscous diffusion in the streamwise direction is usually small and the elliptic influence is transmitted upstream through the pressure field. Starting with a guessed pressure field, it is possible to converge on the full elliptic solution by iterating between a parabolic solution and an iteration of the pressure field. The main steps of the calculation are given. The blade boundary layers which are three dimensional with laminar, transitional, turbulent, and separation zones are investigated. The kinetic energy is analyzed, and the dissipation equation is presented. Measurements were made of the three dimensional flow inside an axial flow compressor passage

Characterization and Applications of Non-Magnetic Rotating Gliding Arc Reactors - A Brief Review

Gliding arc discharge (GAD) reactors are known for high energy efficiency and good chemical selectivity compared to non-thermal plasmas such as glow discharge, corona and dielectric barrier discharge. Reported literature identified that planar diverging GAD have non-uniform gas treatment (e.g. only 20% of gas processed by plasma depending on electrode configuration). Further requirement of minimum limit gas velocity to drag the arc results in lower gas residence time. This paper attempts to investigate the GAD performance and preliminary studies to overcome some of the identified drawbacks, by using only fluid mechanics without magnetic field (rotating gliding arc (RGA)) inside the plasma reactor developed in various research laboratories. This article discusses the applications of GAD and also focuses on bringing out the performance and comparing with the results from the existing non-magnetic rotating gliding arc reactors. The paper also summarizes results from literature in such reactor designs

An Improved Integrity-Based Hybrid Multi-User Data Access Control for Cloud Heterogeneous Supply Chain Databases

Cloud-based supply chain applications play a vital role in the multi-user data security framework for heterogeneous data types. The majority of the existing security models work effectively on small to medium-sized datasets with a homogenous data structure. In contrast, Supply Chain Management (SCM) systems in the real world utilize heterogeneous databases. The heterogeneous databases include a massive quantity of raw SCM data and a scanned image of a purchase quotation. In addition, as the size of the database grows, it becomes more challenging to provide data security on multi-user SCM databases. Multi-user datatypes are heterogeneous in structure, and it is complex to apply integrity and confidentiality models due to high computational time and resources. Traditional multi-user integrity algorithms are difficult to process heterogeneous datatypes due to computational time and variation in hash bit size. Conventional attribute-based encryption models such as "Key-policy attribute-based encryption" (KP-ABE), "Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-Based Encryption" (CP-ABE) etc., are used to provide strong data confidentiality on large textual data. Providing security for heterogeneous databases in a multi-user SCM system requires a significant computational runtime for these conventional models. An enhanced integrity-based multi-user access control security model is created for heterogeneous databases in the cloud infrastructure to address the problems with heterogeneous SCM databases. A non-linear integrity model is developed to provide strong integrity verification in the multi-user communication process. A multi-user based access control model is implemented by integrating the multi-user hash values in the encoding and decoding process. Practical results proved that the multi-user non-linear integrity-based multi-access control framework has better runtime and hash bit variation compared to the conventional models on large cloud-based SCM databases

Potassium fertilization in relation to downy mildew disease incidence in grape leaves

Influence of different sources of potassium and their method of application was studied on incidence of downy mildew infection in grape leaves of 'Sharad Seedless' (syn: 'Kishmish Chorni'). The total phenolic content and individual phenolic acids were analysed from healthy and downy mildew infected leaves of 'Sharad Seedless' and the degree of downy mildew infection was well correlated with potassium content in the petioles. Different sources and method of potassium application had significant effect on Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) enzyme activity and preformed phenols in healthy vines. Significant increase in PAL enzyme activity, total phenols and individual phenolic acids was registered with increase in disease severity. Magnitude of percent change in PAL enzyme activity and total phenolic content was highest in vines with maximum disease infection. Among the phenolic acids, o-Coumaric acid, p-Coumaric acid have a definite role in disease resistance. We could also observe the variation in disease severity in vines which received different sources of potassium which was supplied in different quantities whether through soil and/or through fertigation

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Not AvailableIn the present study on growth and yield of grapes cv. Sharad Seedless different sources and methods of potassium were applied. The experiment was laid out with eight treatments replicated four times in Completely Randomized Block Design at the ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru in 2016-17. Three different sources of potassium fertilizers viz., sulphate of potash (SOP), potassium nitrate (KNO3) and 19: 19: 19 and two methods of application viz., soil application and fertigation were applied to Grape vines. Among the treatments, highest mean pruned biomass (1.47 kg vine-1) and yield vine-1 (7.42 kg) were recorded in vines treated with 40% KNO3 through fertigation + 60% SOP through soil and lowest yield vine-1 (5.21 kg) was observed in vines treated with 100% SOP through fertigation. Vines, which received 60% KNO3 through fertigation + 40% SOP through soil, had recorded maximum percent of fruitful canes vine-1 (51.31).Not Availabl

Feasibility of large-scale deployment of multiple wearable sensors in Parkinson’s disease

Wearable devices can capture objective day-to-day data about Parkinson’s Disease (PD). This study aims to assess the feasibility of implementing wearable technology to collect data from multiple sensors during the daily lives of PD patients. The Parkinson@home study is an observational, two-cohort (North America, NAM; The Netherlands, NL) study. To recruit participants, different strategies were used between sites. Main enrolment criteria were self-reported diagnosis of PD, possession of a smartphone and age ≥18 years. Participants used the Fox Wearable Companion app on a smartwatch and smartphone for a minimum of 6 weeks (NAM) or 13 weeks (NL). Sensor-derived measures estimated information about movement. Additionally, medication intake and symptoms were collected via self-reports in the app. A total of 953 participants were included (NL: 304, NAM: 649). Enrolment rate was 88% in the NL (n = 304) and 51% (n = 649) in NAM. Overall, 84% (n = 805) of participants contributed sensor data. Participants were compliant for 68% (16.3 hours/participant/day) of the study period in NL and for 62% (14.8 hours/participant/day) in NAM. Daily accelerometer data collection decreased 23% in the NL after 13 weeks, and 27% in NAM after 6 weeks. Data contribution was not affected by demographics, clinical characteristics or attitude towards technology, but was by the platform usability score in the NL (χ2 (2) = 32.014, p<0.001), and self-reported depression in NAM (χ2(2) = 6.397, p = .04). The Parkinson@home study shows that it is feasible to collect objective data using multiple wearable sensors in PD during daily life in a large cohort

Recruiting a New Substrate for Triacylglycerol Synthesis in Plants: The Monoacylglycerol Acyltransferase Pathway

BACKGROUND: Monoacylglycerol acyltransferases (MGATs) are predominantly associated with lipid absorption and resynthesis in the animal intestine where they catalyse the first step in the monoacylglycerol (MAG) pathway by acylating MAG to form diacylglycerol (DAG). Typical plant triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthesis routes such as the Kennedy pathway do not include an MGAT step. Rather, DAG and TAG are synthesised de novo from glycerol-3-phosphate (G-3-P) by a series of three subsequent acylation reactions although a complex interplay with membrane lipids exists. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We demonstrate that heterologous expression of a mouse MGAT acyltransferase in Nicotiana benthamiana significantly increases TAG accumulation in vegetative tissues despite the low levels of endogenous MAG substrate available. In addition, DAG produced by this acyltransferase can serve as a substrate for both native and coexpressed diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGAT). Finally, we show that the Arabidopsis thaliana GPAT4 acyltransferase can produce MAG in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using oleoyl-CoA as the acyl-donor. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: This study demonstrates the concept of a new method of increasing oil content in vegetative tissues by using MAG as a substrate for TAG biosynthesis. Based on in vitro yeast assays and expression results in N. benthamiana, we propose that co-expression of a MAG synthesising enzyme such as A. thaliana GPAT4 and a MGAT or bifunctional M/DGAT can result in DAG and TAG synthesis from G-3-P via a route that is independent and complementary to the endogenous Kennedy pathway and other TAG synthesis routes