Modelling the impact of wildfire smoke on driving speed

Traffic models can be used to study evacuation scenarios during wildland-urban interface fires and identify the ability of a community to reach a safe place. In those scenarios, wildfire smoke can reduce visibility conditions on the road. This can have serious implications on the evacuation effectiveness since drivers would reduce their speed in relation to the optical density on the road. To date, there is no traffic model which explicitly represents the impact of reduced visibility conditions on traffic evacuation flow. This paper makes use of an experimental dataset collected in a virtual reality environment to calibrate two widely used macroscopic traffic models (the Lighthill-Whitham-Richards and the Van Aerde models) in order to account for the impact of reduced visibility conditions on driving speed. An application of the calibrated traffic model considering the impact of smoke has been performed using the WUI-NITY platform, an open multi-physics platform which includes wildfire spread, pedestrian response and traffic modelling. A dedicated verification test has been developed and performed considering different values of optical densities of smoke and traffic densities to ensure the model has been implemented correctly in WUI-NITY. A case study that demonstrates the applicability of the model to real life scenarios was also implemented, based on data from an evacuation drill. This paper shows that the presence of smoke on the road can significantly decrease movement speed and increase evacuation times thus highlighting the need for inclusion of this factor in traffic evacuation models applied for wildland-urban interface fire scenarios

Ambiência e Saúde Mental: Um Estudo no Capsi de Vitória-es

O Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Infanto-Juvenil (CAPSi) organiza-se como um ambulatório diário para crianças e adolescentes com transtornos mentais graves, configurando-se como um modelo de atenção pautado em bases territoriais e comunitárias. Por ser um novo serviço direcionado a crianças e adolescentes com transtornos mentais graves e entendendo que a saúde engloba os aspectos do ambiente, o objetivo deste trabalho foi conhecer e descrever a ambiência, no atendimento de crianças e adolescentes com transtornos mentais graves no Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Infanto-Juvenil da cidade de Vitória-ES. Ainda, a fim de agregar maior possibilidade de reflexão sobre a ambiência, utilizou-se neste estudo o referencial teórico de Donald Woods Winnicott, pois esse autor enfatiza em seus escritos a importância do ambiente na estruturação psíquica da pessoa. O trabalho apresenta três artigos. No primeiro, o objetivo foi conhecer e descrever a ambiência no atendimento de crianças e adolescentes com transtornos mentais graves no CAPSi da cidade de Vitória-ES, priorizando os aspectos físicos. Utilizando o Método Clínico-Qualitativo com a técnica de coleta de dados da Observação Participante, os resultados evidenciaram que as constituições espaciais de um serviço de saúde podem influenciar suas práticas, pois em alguns momentos a ambiência no CAPSi, em seus elementos físicos, possibilitavam comunicações significativas de crianças e adolescentes. O segundo artigo apresentou por objetivo conhecer e descrever a ambiência no atendimento de crianças e adolescentes com transtornos mentais graves no CAPSi da cidade de Vitória-ES, priorizando os componentes expressos na forma da atenção dispensada ao usuário e da interação estabelecida entre profissionais e usuários. Empregou-se o Método Clínico-Qualitativo e a técnica de coleta de dados da Observação Participante. Verificou-se que a presença, a atenção aos materiais disponíveis nos espaços, a sustentação e o manejo das atividades, são aspectos importantes na constituição da ambiência na atenção psicossocial, pois podem facilitar o oferecimento de um ambiente seguro e adequado às necessidades de crianças e adolescentes com transtornos mentais graves. Por fim, no terceiro artigo, apresentou-se a metodologia utilizada na construção dessa dissertação de mestrado, uma vez que a investigação científica no campo da atenção psicossocial infanto-juvenil guarda peculiaridades, pois a articulação entre o social, a clínica, as políticas de assistência em saúde e a pesquisa fazem-se presente como uma realidade complexa. Evidenciou-se que o Método Clínico-Qualitativo com a técnica de coleta de dados da Observação Participante e a técnica de Análise de Conteúdo adaptada ao Método Clínico-Qualitativo, mostraram-se apropriados à compreensão da construção da ambiência em um serviço de saúde mental infanto-juvenil. Conhecer e descrever a ambiência em um CAPSi exigiu um instrumental teórico e técnico capaz de captar suas especificidades em um serviço de saúde mental e possibilitou evidenciar que a ambiência, na atenção psicossocial infanto-juvenil, não se constitui apenas pelo ambiente físico adequado à atividade proposta aos usuários, mas também se compõe na sustentação fornecida pelo profissional à atividade em um tempo, espaço e no manejo fornecido através de uma adaptação ambiental adequada às necessidades dos pacientes. Palavras-chave:Winnicott. Pesquisa Qualitativa

An axis-free overset grid in spherical polar coordinates for simulating 3D self-gravitating flows

A type of overlapping grid in spherical coordinates called the Yin-Yang grid is successfully implemented into a 3D version of the explicit Eulerian grid-based code PROMETHEUS including self-gravity. The modified code successfully passed several standard hydrodynamic tests producing results which are in very good agreement with analytic solutions. Moreover, the solutions obtained with the Yin-Yang grid exhibit no peculiar behaviour at the boundary between the two grid patches. The code has also been successfully used to model astrophysically relevant situations, namely equilibrium polytropes, a Taylor-Sedov explosion, and Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities. According to our results, the usage of the Yin-Yang grid greatly enhances the suitability and efficiency of 3D explicit Eulerian codes based on spherical polar coordinates for astrophysical flows.Comment: 15 pages, 17 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in A&

Adopting a cross-scale approach for the deployment of a green infrastructure

The implementation of a Green Infrastructure (GI) involves several actors and governance scales that need adequate knowledge support. The multifunctionality of GI entails the implementation of a cross-scale approach, which combines assessments conducted at different levels and active stakeholder engagement. This paper provides a methodology to implement a cross-scale approach to support the deployment of a Regional GI. The methodology was tested in Lombardy Region (north-west of Italy), considering three relevant territorial scales and relative strategic and planning policies. The continental level representing the overall policy-context; the regional level, with its key role for guaranteeing landscape coherence and connectivity and the local level where planning actions are effectively designed and implemented. The EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030 and the EU GI strategy were used as references for the continental level; at the regional level, a proposal of Regional GI was evaluated focusing on two Provinces (Varese and Lecco), three regional parks (Ticino, Adda Nord and Campo dei Fiori). At the local scale, the new development plan of the Municipality of Cassano d'Adda (Milan metropolitan area) was evaluated considering different possible scenarios. The regional GI was evaluated with respect to the capacity to provide Cultural Ecosystem Services (CES). CES were mapped using the ESTIMAP-recreation model. The model was adapted to the regional and local level with the active engagement of local stakeholders. Additionally, census data were analysed to obtain an overview of the equitable distribution of the CES amongst inhabitants. Results show that, in 78% of the census blocks of the study area, inhabitants have a high-value recreation resource within 4 km (31% within 4 km and 47% within 300 m). Unmet demand characterises 22% of the census blocks in the study area, clustered in zones with a high population density. The regional GI covers almost completely the two Provinces and the regional parks. In Varese Province: 68% of the territory is included in the regional GI, 82% of the census blocks local demand for recreation opportunities is met, but the population density is higher where the demand is unmet. The Province is characterised by a relatively old population (share of people older than 65 years 23.4%). In Lecco Province, 80% of the territory is included in the regional GI, in 96% of the blocks the local demand is met and the local population is relatively old (share of elderly population 22.12%). The three regional parks present significant differences, strongly influenced by the territorial context. The Campo dei Fiori Park is almost completely included in the regional GI. The entire local population has nature-based recreation opportunities in their close vicinity. Nevertheless, the population density is very low and citizens are relatively old. The majority of the Parco Adda Nord is included in the regional GI providing recreation opportunities to 90% of the census blocks within the Park boundaries. A total of 70% of Ticino Park is included in the regional GI, where local residents are relatively old (share of elderly population 23.78%) and 90% of local census blocks are close to nature-based opportunities. At local scale, we explored how the approach can be used to estimate changes in the CES potential provision and how this can be integrated into a site management plan. This paper demonstrated that the combination of studies in a cross-scale perspective enhances the understanding of GI multifunctionality. It provides a framework to adapt CES mapping models to the local setting with active stakeholders engagement. Moreover, it demonstrates that also highly urbanised areas, such as the Lombardy Region in Italy, can play a role in the deployment of a continental GI and can support biodiversity and nature protection

Pregnancy experiences of Western Australian women attending a specialist childbirth and mental illness antenatal clinic

Our purpose was to explore the pregnancy experiences of Australian women attending a specialized Childbirth and Mental Illness (CAMI) antenatal clinic. A qualitative exploratory design was selected to give voice to women with a severe mental illness receiving antenatal care. Telephone interviews with 41 women, 24 primiparous and 17 multiparous, were analysed using thematic analysis. Three themes emerged: ‘Building relationships’, ‘Acknowledged me as a person with special needs’ and ‘Respect and understanding without stigma’. Findings offer insight into care experiences possible within a multidisciplinary model developed to addresses psychiatric and obstetric needs of pregnant women with severe mental illness

Interplay between intrinsic plasma rotation and magnetic island evolution in disruptive discharges

The behavior of the intrinsic toroidal rotation of the plasma column during the growth and eventualsaturation of m/n = 2/1 magnetic islands, triggered by programmed density rise, has been carefully investigatedin disruptive discharges in TCABR. The results show that, as the island starts to grow and rotate at aspeed larger than that of the plasma column, the angular frequency of the intrinsic toroidal rotation increasesand that of the island decreases, following the expectation of synchronization. As the island saturates at alarge size, just before a major disruption, the angular speed of the intrinsic rotation decreases quite rapidly,even though the island keeps still rotating at a reduced speed. This decrease of the toroidal rotation is quitereproducible and can be considered as an indicative of disruption

Native hosts and parasitoids associated with Anastrepha fractura and other Anastrepha Species (Diptera: Tephritidae) in the Brazilian Amazon.

Um novo hospedeiro natural de Anastrepha fractura Stone, Salacia sp., é relatado pela primeira vez no Brasil. Parasitoides atacando A. fractura são também relatados. Relata-se Anastrepha distincta Greene infestando Inga cinnamomea no Brasil pela primeira vez. Novas associações entre espécies de Anastrepha e parasitoides também são relatadas