A Hot Downflowing Model Atmosphere For Umbral Flashes And The Physical Properties Of Their Dark Fibrils

We perform NLTE inversions in a large set of umbral flashes, including the dark fibrils visible within them, and in the quiescent umbra by using the inversion code NICOLE on a set of full Stokes high-resolution Ca II 8542 A observations of a sunspot at disk center. We find that the dark structures have Stokes profiles that are distinct from those of the quiescent and flashed regions. They are best reproduced by atmospheres that are more similar to the flashed atmosphere in terms of velocities, even if with reduced amplitudes. We also find two sets of solutions that finely fit the flashed profiles: a set that is upflowing, featuring a transition region that is deeper than in the quiescent case and preceded by a slight dip in temperature, and a second solution with a hotter atmosphere in the chromosphere but featuring downflows close to the speed of sound at such heights. Such downflows may be related, or even dependent, on the presence of coronal loops, rooted in the umbra of sunspots, as is the case in the region analyzed. Similar loops have been recently observed to have supersonic downflows in the transition region and are consistent with the earlier "sunspot plumes" which were invariably found to display strong downflows in sunspots. Finally we find, on average, a magnetic field reduction in the flashed areas, suggesting that the shock pressure is moving field lines in the upper layers.Comment: Accepted in June for publication at ApJ. Comments to [email protected] or [email protected]

Социокультурный компонент содержания обучения как одно из средств повышения мотивации изучения иностранных языков

Показана важность мотивации при усвоении иностранного языка. Установлено, что использование социокультурного компонента обучения отражает реальные потребности обучающихся в получении межпредметного знания, связанного с организацией культурных связей с носителями языка. Делается вывод о том, что задания, цель которых заключается в формировании социокультурной компетенции, являются средством повышения мотивации изучения иностранного языка, в частности, благодаря своей исследовательско-поисковой направленности

Association between the Use of Antibiotics and the Development of Acute Renal Injury in Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19 in a Hospital in the Peruvian Amazon

"Introduction: A significant antibiotic prescribing pattern associated with the COVID-19 pandemic has been described. Multiple protocols included empirical antimicrobials, leading to a substantial increase in antimicrobial consumption in medical care. A higher mortality rate is described among patients diagnosed with COVID-19 who received antibiotics. Objectives: To determine the association between the use of antibiotics and the development of acute renal injury in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in patients treated at the Hospital II EsSalud de Ucayali, 2021. Methods: A cross-sectionalanalytical study was conducted, evaluating the medical records of patients admitted to the intensive care unit between July 2020 and July 2021. For the statistical analysis, measures of central tendency and dispersion, statistical hypothesis contrast tests were used in relation to acute kidney injury (AKI), antibiotic use and associated factors, derived from linear regression models. Results: The factors that were positively associated with the development of AKI were sepsis (aPR: 2.86; 95% CI: 1.26–6.43), shock (aPR:2.49; 95% CI: 1.28–4.86), mechanical ventilation (aPR:9.11; 95% CI: 1.23–67.57), and use of vancomycin (aPR: 3.15; 95% CI: 1.19–8.27). Conclusions: In the Peruvian Amazon, there is a high consumption and inadequate prescription of antibiotics. The drugs most commonly used for the treatment of COVID-19 were: aminoglycosides, vancomycin, ivermectin, azithromycin, tocilizumab, and corticosteroids. The development of AKI among hospitalized patients was found to be related to vancomycin administration. In addition, an association was found with the use of mechanical ventilation, a high body mass index, and the presence of complications such as sepsis or shock. Therefore, inappropriate antibiotic use for COVID-19 has been associated with multiple negative outcomes and consequences.

Connection of Isolated Stereoclusters by Combining C-13-RCSA, RDC, and J-Based Configurational Analyses and Structural Revision of a Tetraprenyltoluquinol Chromane Meroterpenoid from Sargassum muticum

The seaweed Sargassum muticum, collected on the southern coast of Galicia, yielded a tetraprenyltoluquinol chromane meroditerpene compound known as 1b, whose structure is revised. The relative configuration of 1b was determined by J-based configurational methodology combined with an iJ/DP4 statistical analysis and further confirmed by measuring two anisotropic properties: carbon residual chemical shift anisotropies (13C-RCSAs) and one-bond 1H-13C residual dipolar couplings (1DCH-RDCs). The absolute configuration of 1b was deduced by ECD/OR/TD-DFT methods and established as 3R,7S,11R

The Made In Effect on the Perception of a Spanish Industrial Product in Foreign Markets

With globalization, organizations must be able to look for their own differentiation with the aim to obtain sustainable competitive advantages. Differentiation across the products can be a key factor if it is also associated with their place of origin. More and more, if we consider that the nowadays economical crisis is affecting several of the most representative sectors and industries. In this respect, this paper has as aim to analyze the perception that professionals of the construction industry of some of the main European markets, exactly, France, Poland and United Kingdom, have on different types of ceramic tiles having into account their place of origin.Ante la globalización, las empresas deben ser capaces de buscar sus propios parámetros de diferenciación con el fin de obtener ventajas competitivas sostenibles. La diferenciación a través de los productos puede ser un factor clave si además va asociada a su lugar de origen. Además la crisis de las principales economías mundiales afecta a varios de sus sectores más representativos. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar la percepción que profesionales del sector de la construcción de algunos de los principales mercados europeos, concretamente, Francia, Polonia y Reino Unido, tienen sobre diferentes tipos de recubrimiento para suelos en función de su lugar de origen