Los valles tectónicos recientes de Rubielos de la Cerida (Teruel)

[Resumen] La actividad tectónica cuaternaria y reciente ha dado lugar en este área a un conjunto de depresiones alargadas de orientación submeridiana, enmarcadas por fallas, que constituyen valles tectónicos[Abstract] Quaternary and recent tectonic activity led to a series of elongated depressions in the studied area of roughly N-S orientation, framed by faults, and developping as tectonic valleys

Consideraciones sobre el final del relleno endorreico de las fosas de Calatayud y Teruel y su paso al exorreísmo. Implicaciones morfoestratigráficas y estructurales

[Resumen] Se pone en evidencia como la edad de la Superficie de Erosión Fundamental y el final del relleno endorreico de las fosas de Calatayud y Teruel, en la Cordillera Ibérica, no es un evento isócrono, sino variable en ambas depresiones yen. distintos sectores de una misma. La información geomorfológica y estratigráfica demuestra como la captura de una depresión endorreica y su paso al exorreismo es un proceso gradual en el espacio y en el tiempo, sin que necesariamente esté relacionado con estímulos tectónicos o climáticos. Así un intervalo de tiempo postcaptura puede estar representado en distintos sectores de una fosa por sedimentos endorreicos, hiatos erosivos o de no depósito y depósitos aluviales exorreicos. Por otra parte se cuestiona la cronoestratigrafía tradicional de los mantos aluviales depositados en condiciones exorreicas. Finalmente se esboza la evolución espacio temporal de la captura y paso al exorreismo de las fosas de Calatayud y Teruel y de las semifosas pliocuaternarias del sector central de la Cordillera Ibérica.[Abstract] It is shown how the age of the "Fundamental Erosión Surface" and the end of the endorheic infill of Calatayud and Teruel grabens, in the Iberian Range, is not isochronous, but variable between both basins and among different sectors of a certain one. Both, geomorphological and stratigraphical evidences demonstrate how the capture of an endorheic basin and its transition to exorheic conditions is a gradual process, which not necessarily has to be related with tectonic or climatic factors. A po~t-capture time span may be represented in different sectors of a graben by endorheic sediments, erosional and nondepositional hiatus and alluvial exorheic deposits. On the other hand, the traditional chronostratigraphy of the alluvial fans deposited under exorheic conditions is argued. Finally, the space and time evolution of the capture and transition to exorheic conditions in Teruel and Calatayud grabens and in the Plioquaternary halfgrabens of the central sector of the Iberian range is outlined

Morfología de vertientes y neotectónica en el Macizo de Javalambre (provincia de Teruel)

[Resumen] El modelado actual de las vertientes del macizo de Javalambre es consecuencia de tres tipos principales de procesos que actúan a partir de su elevación a comienzos del Plioceno -superior: (a) la dinámica periglaciar, (b) una etapa de activida~ tect6nica ocurrida hacia el Pleistoceno medio-superior, y (c) deslizamientos gravitacionales, translacionales y rotacionales producidos a favor de un sustrato plástico en las áreas de mayor incisión de la red -fluvial.Abstract] The present slope form in Javalambre area results from three principal types of processes which are active after its elevation in the early Upper Pliocene: (a) periglacial dynamics, (b) a tectonic phase in Middle-Upper Pleistocene, and (c) gravitational, translational and rotational landslides generated over plastic rocks in zones with a intensive fluvial incisio

Silicificaciones selectivas en Thalassinoides y otras estructuras biogénicas asociadas a calizas de plataforma marina y hardground (Albiense inferior, Sonabia, Cantabria)

In this work different types of chert from the Oriñón Limestone Formation (upper Aptian-lower Albian) are studied. This formation outcrops in the eastern coast of Cantabria (Liendo-Castro Urdiales area) and includes outstanding and abundant cherty nodules, lenticular layers and crusts. The host rock is mainly a biocalcarenite (wackestone/packstone) of pellets, echinoids fragments, oysters, foraminifers and calcareous or calcified siliceous sponge spicules. The Oriñón Limestone Formation was deposited in a marine open-shelf environment and preserves a hardground of regional extent with particular chert crusts. The silica source is associated to the dissolution of siliceous sponge spicules or to their calcification. Most of the chert is constituted by mosaics of micro-cryptocrystalline quartz and calcedonite, and it is generated by the selective silicification of biogenic structures, mainly dwelling trace fossils (Thalassinoides isp.) because of the higher amount of organic matter and the higher porosity and permeability of the burrow infill. In the hardground, selective silicification affects body fossils such as belemnites, oysters and echinoids, and trace fossils (feeding burrows and borings) where in addition cherts is accumulated as an indeterminate crust. The silicification of the biogenic structures firstly occurred in form of opaline phases during the early diagenesis while the oxidation of the organic matter was active. Thus, Thalassinoides trace fossils affected by silicification preserve filaments and cocoids that might have had a microbial origin. Neoformation of dolomite and calcite occur only within the Thalassinoides trace fossils which indicates that diagenetic processes taking place within these burrows differed from those affecting the host rock and other biogenic structures. Dwelling trace fossils would have supposed a close micro-environment where the oxidation conditions changed from high to low rate.El presente trabajo estudia los diferentes tipos de sílex que aparecen en la Formación Calizas de Oriñón (Aptiense superior-Albiense inferior), en un zona concreta de la costa oriental de Cantabria (Liendo-Castro Urdiales), debido a su gran abundancia y espectacularidad. Las rocas que los incluyen son principalmente biocalcarenitas (wackestones/packstones de pellets, fragmentos de equinodermos, ostreidos, foraminíferos y espículas calcáreas o silíceas calcificadas), siendo el ambiente de depósito marino de plataforma abierta, y existiendo un hardground regional, donde las silicificaciones son diferentes. La fuente de la sílice proviene de la calcitización o disolución de las espículas de esponjas silíceas. Se determina que la gran mayoría de sílex (mosaicos de cuarzo micro-microcriptalino y calcedonita principalmente), se forman por la silicificación selectiva de estructuras biogénicas, siendo las galerías de Thalassinoidespreferentemente silicificadas, debido a que en su relleno existe mayor proporción de materia orgánica y mayor porosidad y permeabilidad. En las calizas que soportan el hardground además de las silicificaciones selectivas sobre fósiles (rostros de belemnites, ostreidos y equínidos), la sílice se acumula de forma importante en huellas de alimentación y rellenos de perforaciones, dando lugar a su vez a costras sobre bioturbaciones y perforaciones que a pesar de su importancia no han podido ser clasificadas. La silicificación de todas las estructuras biogénicas, originó inicialmente fases opalinas y tuvo lugar durante la diagénesis temprana cuando la oxidación de la materia orgánica estaba todavía activa, conservándose en los Thalassinoides silicificados formas (filamentos y cocoides) que podrían ser consideradas microbianas. La transformación ópalo-cuarzo fue temprana, preservándose dichas formas. En las galerías silicificadas de Thalassinoides los procesos diagenéticos son diferentes a los de los sedimentos carbonáticos marinos que las incluyen, y al resto de estructuras biogénicas silicificadas, existiendo en estas galerías neoformación de dolomita y calcita, en un microambiente cerrado donde las condiciones cambian de oxidantes a reductoras

Defining and measuring displacement: is relocation from restructured neighbourhoods always unwelcome and disruptive?

Current regeneration policy has been described as ‘state-led gentrification’, with comparisons made with the ‘social disruption’ caused by slum clearance of the 1950s and 1960s. This article takes issue with this approach in relation to the study of the restructuring of social housing areas. The terms ‘forced relocation’ and ‘displacement’ are often too crude to describe what actually happens within processes of restructuring and the effects upon residents. Displacement in particular has important dimensions other than the physical one of moving. Evidence from a recent study of people who have moved out of restructured areas shows that although there is some evidence of physical displacement, there is little evidence of social or psychosocial displacement after relocation. Prior attitudes to moving and aspects of the process of relocation—the degree of choice and distance involved—are important moderators of the outcomes. Issues of time and context are insufficiently taken into consideration in studies and accounts of restructuring, relocation and displacement

Extracción de características de la cubierta vegetal del viñedo mediante imágenes RGB y RGIR obtenidas de forma dinámica

Diversas investigaciones han intentado resolver el problema de identificación de frutos u hojas mediante imágenes digitales, pero sólo lo han logrado parcialmente. Por esto, el objetivo de este trabajo es explorar una metodología de identificación que permita estimar áreas de hojas y racimos en viñedos, empleando imágenes en el espectro visible (RGB) y en el infrarrojo cercano (RGIR). El problema de la identificación fue abordando por dos vías, forma y color. En el caso de la identificación por forma se empleó la transformada circular de Hough y en el de la identificación por color se emplearon las técnicas de clasificación no supervisada denominadas kmeans y Fuzzy c-means. Se determinó que la clasificación mediante k-means sobre el espacio L*a*b*, para imágenes RGB y sobre el índice SAVI en las imágenes RGIR, son las técnicas más adecuadas. En cuanto a la identificación por forma, ésta resultó aplicable sólo en condiciones muy particulare

Spanish medical students’ attitudes and views towards Mental Health and Psychiatry: a multicentric cross-sectional study.

Objective The aim of this study is to investigate the attitudes towards mental illness and psychiatry among fifth year Spanish medical students. Methods The study included 171 students from three medical schools located in different areas of Spain: Cádiz; UCA (n= 113), Madrid; San Pablo-CEU (n=22), and Barcelona; UAB (n=36). They responded, prior to their undergraduate medical course in psychiatry, to the AMI questionnaire to measure the attitudes towards mental illness and to Balon’s adapted questionnaire to investigate their view towards psychiatry. Results The students (93.4 %) had a positive attitude towards mental illness (AMI). Attitudes towards psychiatry were fairly positive with a few negative views, specifically regarding the role of psychiatrists (items 11 and 13) and the prestige of the specialty (item 16). There were some statistically significant differences between the three medical schools in the perception of psychiatry as a medical discipline. A better attitude towards mental illness was associated with a better view of the overall merits of psychiatry. Conclusions Findings suggest that Spanish medical students do not have a negative attitude towards mental illness and they have a good perception of psychiatry, although there are still some misconceptions about this specialty. These student’s attitudes could favor an appropriate management of patients suffering from mental illness

The catalytic subunit of the system L1 amino acid transporter (S<i>lc7a5</i>) facilitates nutrient signalling in mouse skeletal muscle

The System L1-type amino acid transporter mediates transport of large neutral amino acids (LNAA) in many mammalian cell-types. LNAA such as leucine are required for full activation of the mTOR-S6K signalling pathway promoting protein synthesis and cell growth. The SLC7A5 (LAT1) catalytic subunit of high-affinity System L1 functions as a glycoprotein-associated heterodimer with the multifunctional protein SLC3A2 (CD98). We generated a floxed Slc7a5 mouse strain which, when crossed with mice expressing Cre driven by a global promoter, produced Slc7a5 heterozygous knockout (Slc7a5+/-) animals with no overt phenotype, although homozygous global knockout of Slc7a5 was embryonically lethal. Muscle-specific (MCK Cre-mediated) Slc7a5 knockout (MS-Slc7a5-KO) mice were used to study the role of intracellular LNAA delivery by the SLC7A5 transporter for mTOR-S6K pathway activation in skeletal muscle. Activation of muscle mTOR-S6K (Thr389 phosphorylation) in vivo by intraperitoneal leucine injection was blunted in homozygous MS-Slc7a5-KO mice relative to wild-type animals. Dietary intake and growth rate were similar for MS-Slc7a5-KO mice and wild-type littermates fed for 10 weeks (to age 120 days) with diets containing 10%, 20% or 30% of protein. In MS-Slc7a5-KO mice, Leu and Ile concentrations in gastrocnemius muscle were reduced by ∼40% as dietary protein content was reduced from 30 to 10%. These changes were associated with >50% decrease in S6K Thr389 phosphorylation in muscles from MS-Slc7a5-KO mice, indicating reduced mTOR-S6K pathway activation, despite no significant differences in lean tissue mass between groups on the same diet. MS-Slc7a5-KO mice on 30% protein diet exhibited mild insulin resistance (e.g. reduced glucose clearance, larger gonadal adipose depots) relative to control animals. Thus, SLC7A5 modulates LNAA-dependent muscle mTOR-S6K signalling in mice, although it appears non-essential (or is sufficiently compensated by e.g. SLC7A8 (LAT2)) for maintenance of normal muscle mass

Demographic reconstruction from ancient DNA supports rapid extinction of the great auk

The great auk was once abundant and distributed across the North Atlantic. It is now extinct, having been heavily exploited for its eggs, meat, and feathers. We investigated the impact of human hunting on its demise by integrating genetic data, GPS-based ocean current data, and analyses of population viability. We sequenced complete mitochondrial genomes of 41 individuals from across the species’ geographic range and reconstructed population structure and population dynamics throughout the Holocene. Taken together, our data do not provide any evidence that great auks were at risk of extinction prior to the onset of intensive human hunting in the early 16th century. In addition, our population viability analyses reveal that even if the great auk had not been under threat by environmental change, human hunting alone could have been sufficient to cause its extinction. Our results emphasise the vulnerability of even abundant and widespread species to intense and localised exploitation

Le gisement pléistocène moyen de Galeria Pesada (Estrémadure, Portugal) : premiers résultats

Les fouilles de la grotte de Galeria Pesada (complexe karstique d’Almonda, Torres Novas) livrent de riches assemblages lithiques et osseux datés du Pléistocène moyen final (fouilles 1997-1999). Les ensembles lithiques sont caractérisés par une combinaison d’outils classiques de l’Acheuléen, d’une abondante série d’outils bifaciaux (foliacés, petits bifaces asymétriques, Keilmesser, etc.) et de nombreux racloirs, souvent en quartz. Cette industrie n’a pas d’équivalent jusqu’à présent dans la Péninsule ibérique. Elle est associée à une faune dominée par les Cervidés et les Equidés dont les ossements présentent un fort pourcentage de marques de boucherie, démontrant une exploitation intensive (consommation) des carcasses par les anciens hominidés.Excavations at the late Middle Pleistocene cave site of Galeria Pesada in Portuguese Estremadura have uncovered a series of lithic assemblages associated with abundant faunal remains (Excavations 1997-1999). The lithic assemblages are all similar and consist of a combination of a few classic Acheulean tools, a rich series of bifacial tools (foliates, small asymmetric bifaces, Keilmesser, etc.), and a large number of scrapers, often on quartz. These assemblages, unknown to date in the rest of Iberia, are associated with Cervids and Equids, cut marks on bones indicate extensive and intensive carcass modification and consumption by hominids