72 research outputs found

    Conocimiento e información: algunas cuestiones representacionales

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    El presente trabajo viene motivado por cierta insatisfacción producida por la ausencia de abordajes conjuntos de las nociones de conocimiento e información. Nuestra tarea consistirá en considerar las relaciones entre el conocimiento y la información desde una doble perspectiva: la que trata de dar cuenta del conocimiento partiendo de una idea objetiva de información y la que trata de dar cuenta de la información desde las formalizaciones modales clásicas del conocimiento. En un primer momento la introducción de una serie de distinciones conceptuales servirá al análisis de ambas nociones y sus relaciones, para más adelante contrastarlas con el concepto de conocimiento formalizado en las axiomatizaciones modales usuale

    Accelerating the LSTRS Algorithm

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    In a recent paper [Rojas, Santos, Sorensen: ACM ToMS 34 (2008), Article 11] an efficient method for solvingthe Large-Scale Trust-Region Subproblem was suggested which is based on recasting it in terms of a parameter dependent eigenvalue problem and adjusting the parameter iteratively. The essential work at each iteration is the solution of an eigenvalue problem for the smallest eigenvalue of the Hessian matrix (or two smallest eigenvalues in the potential hard case) and associated eigenvector(s). Replacing the implicitly restarted Lanczos method in the original paper with the Nonlinear Arnoldi method makes it possible to recycle most of the work from previous iterations which can substantially accelerate LSTRS

    New archaeomagnetic directions from Portugal and evolution of the geomagnetic field in Iberia from Late Bronze Age to Roman Times

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    This study presents new archaeomagnetic results from 33 combustion structures (kilns and hearths) from the archaeological sites of Castelinho, Crestelos, Olival Poço da Barca and Fonte do Milho in NE Portugal. The age of the investigated structures ranges from 1210 BC to 200 AD according to calibrated radiocarbon dating, thermoluminescence dating and archaeological constraints. Stepwise thermal and alternating field demagnetization isolate a single, stable, characteristic remanence component with very well defined directions. Rock magnetic analyses suggest low-Ti titanomagnetite/maghemite as the main magnetic carrier of the remanence. Mean directions are well grouped in most structures. The effect of thermoremanent anisotropy on mean directions has been evaluated and was found to be important. Inclination increases of between 2° and 13° after applying the anisotropy correction at specimen level. This highlights the requirement of evaluating this effect on the directions of small and flattened thin kilns and hearths. The 31 new directional data improve both the temporal and spatial distribution of the Iberian archaeomagnetic dataset from Late Bronze Age to Roman Times. Finally, a new directional palaeosecular variation curve for Iberia for the last twelve centuries BC is proposed. The curve has been computed using the bootstrap method and includes data coming from sites within 900 km of Madrid. The new palaeodirectional secular variation curve for Iberia is consistent with the Western European palaeosecular variation curve and with the prediction of regional European models

    Eficiencia mecánica de pedaleo en ciclistas de diferente nivel competitivo

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    La eficiencia muscular (gruesa, neta y delta) es una variable determinante del rendimiento en ciclismo, y mejora con el entrenamiento. Ningún trabajo previo ha mostrado diferencias en eficiencia mecánica (index of effectiveness, cociente entre los impulsos mecánico propulsivo y total) entre ciclistas de diferente nivel competitivo. Este fue el principal objetivo del presente trabajo. Participaron 11 ciclistas profesionales y 23 ciclistas amateurs que realizaron pruebas a 200, 250 y 300 W de potencia (cadencia fija a 90 rpm). La fuerza y el impulso mecánico positivo y negativo durante el pedaleo, así como la cinemática 2D de la pierna derecha fueron registradas. Los resultados muestran que no existiendo diferencias en las medidas antropométricas y de las bicicletas de los dos grupos de ciclistas, los profesionales obtuvieron más de eficiencia mecánica que los amateurs (1.5%, 2.1% y 2.4%, respectivamente). Esto se debió fundamentalmente a su menor fuerza e impulso negativos a todas las potencias. El tobillo fue la única articulación que sistemáticamente modificó su patrón de movimiento con el incremento de potencia. La eficiencia mecánica de pedaleo es también un factor determinante del nivel de rendimiento deportivo en ciclismo. Futuros estudios deben analizar la influencia del entrenamiento en esta variable.Muscular efficiency (e.g. gross, net and delta efficiency) is a key factor of cycling performance, and it improves after a training period. No previous study showed differences on mechanical efficiency (e.g. index of effectiveness and positive/negative impulses ratio) between cyclists of different competition level. Eleven professional cyclists and twenty-three amateur cyclists participated in this study. They performed three sets of pedalling at 200, 250 and 300 W (90 rpm). Both torque and impulse (negative and positive) were registered simultaneously with 2D kinematics in the right leg. Results show similar anthropometrical characteristics and similar bicycle dimensions in the two groups. Professional cyclists obtained more mechanical efficiency than amateur cyclists (1.5%, 2.1% and 2.4%, respectively). The lower minimum torque and lower negative impulse at all intensities justified these differences. Ankle was the only one joint which systematically altered its movement pattern when intensity was increased. Mechanical efficiency is too a key factor of performance in cycling. Future studies should evaluate the influence of training on this variable.Peer ReviewedAward-winnin

    Osteotome sinus floor elevation without grafting material: results of a 2-year prospective study

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    Objectives: The aim of this prospective clinical trial was to evaluate the success implant rates during 24 months using OSFE procedure without grafting materials. Study Design: 42 adult patients (22 female, 15 male) were selected according to Nedir et al ?s inclusion criteria of which 5 patients were excluded, due to periapical pathology in adjacent teeth (n=3) and treatment with bisphos - phonates (n=2). 37 patients aged 31-68 years were selected. Smokers were divided in two groups depending on the number of cigarettes consumed per day (a) 0-10, (b) 11-20. One patient was excluded because he was lost to follow- up at 24 months A total of 36 threaded implants were placed, | 4,1mm Straumann® (Straumann AG, Waldenburg, Switzerland) and | 3,5mm Klockner® (Klockner Implant System, Barcelona, Spain). The most used implant dia - meter was 4,1 mm (n=29), followed by 3,5 mm (n=7), and length used was 10 mm (n=32) and 8 mm (n=4). Initial RBH ranged from 4 mm to 9 mm. All statistical data were processed using the program R 3.0.2 for windows. Results: A total of 36 threaded implants were placed. Residual bone height (RBH) at implant placement averaged 7,4 ± 0,4 mm. Mean bone gain was 1,8 ± 0,3 mm. Four implants showed a bone gain exceeding 3 mm. Mean im - plant protrusion length into the sinus amounted to 2.1 ± 0,3 mm. Regarding the relationship between smoking and periodontal probes, no statistically significant differences were found ( P =0,25), neither in relation to the number of threads that the implants showed ( P =0,29) or bone gain ( P =0,79). After 24 months the implant success rate was 91,6%. Conclusions: Implant rehabilitation of edentulous atrophied posterior maxilla can be safely performed and simpli - fied using the OSFE technique without grafting with reliable long-term results

    Razonamiento ordinario: modelos mentales y modelos formales

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    En este artículo se señala la relevancia de la interacción entre los modelos mentales (psicología cognitiva) y los modelos formales (inteligencia artificial) para la construcción de modelos del razonamiento ordinario desde una perspectiva cognitiva. Del estudio comparativo de ambos modelos se derivan algunos problemas ligados a la representación de las actitudes preposicionales y asimismo se sostiene que es importante seguir manteniendo a la lógica, en un sentido amplio, como patrón-guía que nos permita articular y, posiblemente, implementar algunos de los procesos deductivos de razonamiento que han sido previamente acotados en función de nuestros intereses o basándonos en nuestras intuicione

    El Alto das Malhadas: restos de ocupación de la Edad del Bronce en el Douro portugués

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    The Iron Age artistic representations identified in the Vale do Côa Archaeological Park (PAVC) lack associated occupation contexts, that is, the stratigraphic contexts necessary for a chronological and interpretative framework. In the absence of evidence of protohistoric habitat in the immediate surroundings of the engravings, we attempted to analyse other sites in the region on which there was evidence of Iron Age occupation. Thus, as part of the RARAA - Open Repository of Rock Art project, funded by FCT COA/OVD/0097/2019, we selected the Alto das Malhadas site to carry out a diagnostic intervention, due to its relative proximity to the mouth of the Côa River, associated with the presence of rock panels with engravings, a pebble with «protohistoric» incised engravings and handmade ceramic materials. In this paper we present the results of this archaeological intervention, where the Alto das Malhadas site has revealed itself as one of the most interesting sites in nor th-eastern Portugal for the characterization of the transition between the III and II millennium BC, and for the understanding of the transition keys from the regional Chalcolithic to a Bronze Age, increasingly linked to the settlement dynamics developed in the Meseta.  Las representaciones artísticas de la Edad del Hierro identificadas en el Parque Arqueológico del Vale do Côa (PAVC) carecen de contextos de ocupación asociados, es decir, de los contextos estratigráficos necesarios para un marco cronológico e interpretativo. Ante la ausencia de evidencias de hábitat protohistórico en el entorno inmediato de los grabados, se buscó analizar otros yacimientos de la región en los que hubiera indicios de ocupación de la Edad del Hierro. Así, en el ámbito del proyecto RARAA - Repositorio Abierto de Arte Rupestre, financiado por el FCT COA/OVD/0097/2019, seleccionamos el yacimiento del Alto das Malhadas para realizar una intervención diagnóstica, debido a su relativa proximidad a la desembocadura del río Côa, asociada a la presencia de paneles rocosos con grabados, un guijarro con grabados incisos «protohistóricos» y materiales cerámicos artesanales. En este trabajo presentamos los resultados de esta intervención arqueológica, en la que el yacimiento del Alto das Malhadas, se ha revelado como uno de los más interesantes del nordeste de Portugal para la caracterización de la transición entre el III y el II milenio a. C. y para la comprensión de las claves de transición del Calcolítico regional a una Edad del Bronce cada vez más vinculada a la dinámica de asentamiento desarrollada en la Meseta
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