1,896 research outputs found
Bone cross-sectional geometry in male runners, gymnasts, swimmers and non-athletic controls: a hip-structural analysis study.
Loading of the skeleton is important for the development of a functionally and mechanically appropriate bone structure, and can be achieved through impact exercise. Proximal femur cross-sectional geometry was assessed in the male athletes (n = 55) representing gymnastics, endurance running and swimming, and non-athletic controls (n = 22). Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (iDXA, GE Healthcare, UK) measurements of the total body (for body composition) and the left proximal femur were obtained. Advanced hip structural analysis (AHA) was utilised to determine the areal bone mineral density (aBMD), hip axis length (HAL), cross-sectional area (CSA), cross-sectional moment of inertia (CSMI) and the femoral strength index (FSI). Gymnasts and runners had greater age, height and weight adjusted aBMD than in swimmers and controls (p < 0.05). Gymnasts and runners had greater resistance to axial loads (CSA) and the runners had increased resistance against bending forces (CSMI) compared to swimmers and controls (p < 0.01). Controls had a lower FSI compared to gymnasts and runners (1.4 vs. 1.8 and 2.1, respectively, p < 0.005). Lean mass correlated with aBMD, CSA and FSI (r = 0.365-0.457, p < 0.01), particularly in controls (r = 0.657-0.759, p < 0.005). Skeletal loading through the gymnastics and running appears to confer a superior bone geometrical advantage in the young adult men. The importance of lean body mass appears to be of particular significance for non-athletes. Further characterisation of the bone structural advantages associated with different sports would be of value to inform the strategies directed at maximising bone strength and thus, preventing fracture
Charges of Exceptionally Twisted Branes
The charges of the exceptionally twisted (D4 with triality and E6 with charge
conjugation) D-branes of WZW models are determined from the microscopic/CFT
point of view. The branes are labeled by twisted representations of the affine
algebra, and their charge is determined to be the ground state multiplicity of
the twisted representation. It is explicitly shown using Lie theory that the
charge groups of these twisted branes are the same as those of the untwisted
ones, confirming the macroscopic K-theoretic calculation. A key ingredient in
our proof is that, surprisingly, the G2 and F4 Weyl dimensions see the simple
currents of A2 and D4, respectively.Comment: 19 pages, 2 figures, LaTex2e, complete proofs of all statements,
updated bibliograph
Sexual offender’s experiences of polygraph testing: a thematic study in three probation trusts
Post-conviction polygraph testing of sexual offenders is controversial and the use of the polygraph as a means of supporting supervision of sexual offenders has only recently been explored. This study quantitatively examined qualitatively offender managers’ and sexual offenders’ views on the mandatory use of the polygraph in a community-based supervision.
Fifteen polygraphed offenders and their 10 offender managers (polygraph group), and 10 non-polygraphed offenders and their ten offender managers (comparison group) were asked about their experiences and perceptions of a mandatory polygraph use. Using thematic analysis, the results provided four main themes: (1) truth detection, (2) perceptions of behaviour change, (3) perceptions of polygraph as part of supervision, and (4) national implementation of polygraph testing.
Results suggest several benefits to mandatory polygraph testing as a support for supervision, including offenders making more high-risk disclosures, motivating offender honesty, and aiding offenders’ compliance with licence conditions
Averaging and sampling for magnetic-observatory hourly data
A time and frequency-domain analysis is made of the effects of averaging and
sampling methods used for constructing magnetic-observatory hourly data
values. Using 1-min data as a proxy for continuous, geomagnetic variation,
we construct synthetic hourly values of two standard types: instantaneous
"spot" measurements and simple 1-h "boxcar" averages. We compare these
average-sample types with others: 2-h average, Gaussian, and "brick-wall"
low-frequency-pass. Hourly spot measurements provide a statistically unbiased
representation of the amplitude range of geomagnetic-field variation, but as
a representation of continuous field variation over time, they are
significantly affected by aliasing, especially at high latitudes. The 1-h,
2-h, and Gaussian average-samples are affected by a combination of amplitude
distortion and aliasing. Brick-wall values are not affected by either
amplitude distortion or aliasing, but constructing them is, in an operational
setting, relatively more difficult than it is for other average-sample types.
It is noteworthy that 1-h average-samples, the present standard for
observatory hourly data, have properties similar to Gaussian average-samples
that have been optimized for a minimum residual sum of amplitude distortion
and aliasing. For 1-h average-samples from medium and low-latitude
observatories, the average of the combination of amplitude distortion and
aliasing is less than the 5.0 nT accuracy standard established by Intermagnet
for modern 1-min data. For medium and low-latitude observatories, average
differences between monthly means constructed from 1-min data and monthly
means constructed from any of the hourly average-sample types considered here
are less than the 1.0 nT resolution of standard databases. We recommend that
observatories and World Data Centers continue the standard practice of
reporting simple 1-h-average hourly values
Occupational asthma: a review.
Occupational asthma is the most common form of occupational lung disease in the developed world at the present time. In this review, the epidemiology, pathogenesis/mechanisms, clinical presentations, management, and prevention of occupational asthma are discussed. The population attributable risk of asthma due to occupational exposures is considerable. Current understanding of the mechanisms by which many agents cause occupational asthma is limited, especially for low-molecular-weight sensitizers and irritants. The diagnosis of occupational asthma is generally established on the basis of a suggestive history of a temporal association between exposure and the onset of symptoms and objective evidence that these symptoms are related to airflow limitation. Early diagnosis, elimination of exposure to the responsible agent, and early use of inhaled steroids may play important roles in the prevention of long-term persistence of asthma. Persistent occupational asthma is often associated with substantial disability and consequent impacts on income and quality of life. Prevention of new cases is the best approach to reducing the burden of asthma attributable to occupational exposures. Future research needs are identified
Nonlinear field-dependence and f-wave interactions in superfluid 3He
We present results of transverse acoustics studies in superfluid ^{3}He-B at
fields up to 0.11 T. Using acoustic cavity interferometry, we observe the
Acoustic Faraday Effect for a transverse sound wave propagating along the
magnetic field, and we measure Faraday rotations of the polarization as large
as 1710^{\circ}. We use these results to determine the Zeeman splitting of the
Imaginary Squashing mode, an order parameter collective mode with total angular
momentum J=2. We show that the pairing interaction in the f-wave channel is
attractive at a pressure of P=6 bar. We also report nonlinear field dependence
of the Faraday rotation at frequencies substantially above the mode frequency
not accounted for in the theory of the transverse acoustic dispersion relation
formulated for frequencies near the mode. Consequently, we have identified the
region of validity of the theory allowing us to make corrections to the
analysis of Faraday rotation experiments performed in earlier work.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure
Investigation of a Recharge Basin to Improve Drought Resiliency and Aquifer Sustainability Rock Valley Rural Water
https://ir.uiowa.edu/igs_wrir/1017/thumbnail.jp
Jefferson groundwater investigation Greene County, Iowa
https://ir.uiowa.edu/igs_tis/1054/thumbnail.jp
Aquifer Sustainability at the Osceola County Rural Water System H-Series Wellfield
https://ir.uiowa.edu/igs_wrir/1019/thumbnail.jp
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