Stress transfer and Quaternary faulting in the northern Alpine foreland

Within the SPP Mountain Building Processes in Four Dimensions (MB-4D) we studied postglacial and present seismic rupturing in the northern Alpine Foreland to better understand the impact and forces of mountain building. We started a seismological field experiment to densify the permanent monitoring networks and the AlpArray Seismic Network. The later was also supported as well as its predecessor UNIBRA (Hetényi et al., 2018; Schlömer et al., 2022). Our StressTransfer network consisted of five recording stations in the Upper Rhine Graben, five in the Molasse Basin and five around the Albstadt Shear Zone (Mader et al., 2021a). The latter are still operating due to the increased seismicity during the last years below the western Swabian Alb. We determined local minimum 1-D seismic velocity models to relocate known events in the study regions (Mader et al., 2021b). Waveform cross-correlation was done to detect hitherto unknown events and recover earthquake sequences around the Albstadt Shear Zone (Mader et al., subm.). To determine fault planes and rupture mechanisms we used relative event locations (hypoDD) and FOCMEC for fault plane solutions. For the Albstadt Shear Zone (ASZ), an NNE–SSW striking left-lateral strike-slip rupture zone, we determined a direction of the maximum horizontal stress (SHmax) of 140°–149°. Down to ca. 7–8 km depth, SHmax is bigger than SV (vertical stress); below this depth, SV is the main stress component. Beneath the shallow Hohenzollerngraben (ca. 2-3 km depth), which is nearly perpendicular to the ASZ, we found an NW-SE striking dextral strike-slip fault zone with very weak micro-seismicity in 11-15 km depth (Figure 1). This zone is possibly a reactivated old upper-crustal tectonic structure. At the interception of the ASZ and the NW-SE striking fault zone we observe NNW-SSE striking sinistral strike-slip and normal faulting micro-earthquakes which belong to a heterogeneous deformation zone with complex faulting. In Figure 1 we summarize our current model for the ASZ and its surroundings. The detection of many micro-earthquakes and the related active faults was only possible with the help of the additional temporal recording stations in the region and the studies of a PhD student (S.M.). We thank the DFG for funding our project and the State Earthquake Service Baden-Württemberg in Freiburg for providing data (Az. 4784//18_3303)

Relationship status and quality of the partner relationship in parents of long-term childhood cancer survivors: The Swiss Childhood Cancer Survivor Study-Parents

Objective The intensive and long‐lasting experience of childhood cancer is a tremendous stressor for the parental relationship. We aimed to (1) compare civil status and partner relationship of parents of long‐term childhood cancer survivors with population‐based comparisons, (2) identify cancer‐related characteristics associated with not being married, and (3) evaluate the quality of the partner relationship. Methods We sent questionnaires to parents of survivors aged ≤16 years at diagnosis and ≥20 years at study. Population‐based comparisons were derived from a random sample of the general population (≥1 child aged ≥20 years) and standardized by sociodemographic characteristics of survivor parents. We used logistic regression to identify cancer‐related characteristics associated with not being married. The quality of the partner relationship was evaluated using the relationship‐specific attachment scale for adults assessing the dimensions security (secure‐fearful) and dependency (dependent‐independent). Results A total of 784 parents (58.9% mothers) of 512 survivors (response rate: 44.0%) and 471 comparison parents completed the questionnaire. Parents of survivors were less often divorced/separated (9.0% vs 17.5%, P < 0.001) and more often in a partner relationship (89.9% vs 85.0%, P = 0.010) than comparisons. Not being married was not associated with cancer‐related characteristics. Parents of survivors reported similar security (P = 0.444) but higher dependency (P = 0.032) within the partner relationship than comparisons. In both populations, fathers indicated higher security and dependency than mothers. Conclusions Long after the diagnosis of cancer in their child, parents' relationship appears similar as in parents of the general population. The increased dependency reported by parents of survivors suggests that they managed their child's disease as a team

Generalized Interpolation Material Point Approach to High Melting Explosive with Cavities Under Shock

Criterion for contacting is critically important for the Generalized Interpolation Material Point(GIMP) method. We present an improved criterion by adding a switching function. With the method dynamical response of high melting explosive(HMX) with cavities under shock is investigated. The physical model used in the present work is an elastic-to-plastic and thermal-dynamical model with Mie-Gr\"uneissen equation of state. We mainly concern the influence of various parameters, including the impacting velocity $v$, cavity size $R$, etc, to the dynamical and thermodynamical behaviors of the material. For the colliding of two bodies with a cavity in each, a secondary impacting is observed. Correspondingly, the separation distance $D$ of the two bodies has a maximum value $D_{\max}$ in between the initial and second impacts. When the initial impacting velocity $v$ is not large enough, the cavity collapses in a nearly symmetric fashion, the maximum separation distance $D_{\max}$ increases with $v$. When the initial shock wave is strong enough to collapse the cavity asymmetrically along the shock direction, the variation of $D_{\max}$ with $v$ does not show monotonic behavior. Our numerical results show clear indication that the existence of cavities in explosive helps the creation of ``hot spots''.Comment: Figs.2,4,7,11 in JPG format; Accepted for publication in J. Phys. D: Applied Physic

Education, employment and marriage in long-term survivors of teenage and young adult cancer compared with healthy controls

QUESTIONS UNDER STUDY: Teenage and young adult (TYA) cancer patients are faced with the diagnosis during a challenging period of psychosocial development that may affect social outcomes in the long term. Therefore, we aimed to: (1) determine differences in social outcomes between long-term TYA cancer survivors and healthy controls and (2) identify factors associated with adverse social out-comes. METHODS: We sent a questionnaire to TYA cancer survivors (aged 16-25 years at diagnosis, ≥5 years after diagnosis) registered in the Cancer Registry Zurich and Zug. Information on controls was obtained from the Swiss Health Survey 2012. We assessed educational achievement, employment status, marital status and life partnership (survivors only), and compared these outcomes between survivors and controls. We used logistic regression to identify sociodemo-graphic and cancer-related factors associated with social outcomes. RESULTS: We included 160 TYA cancer survivors and 999 controls. Educational achievement of survivors differed significantly from controls (p = 0.012): more survivors than controls reported upper secondary education (33 vs 27%) and fewer survivors reported uni-versity education (12 vs 21%). No significant differences were found for employment (p = 0.515) and marital status (p = 0.357). The major-ity of survivors (91%) and controls (90%) were employed, and 37% of survivors were married, compared with 41% of controls. There were no cancer-related factors associated with having only basic educa-tion. Unemployment was associated with younger age at diagnosis (odds ratio [OR] 5.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3-30.8) and self-reported late effects (OR 4.7, 95% CI 1.3-19.5). Survivors of younger age at diagnosis were more likely not to be married (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.3-5.7) and not to have a life partner (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.0-5.2). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that TYA cancer survivors com-pleted applied higher education rather than a university education. Future studies including larger samples of TYA cancer survivors are needed to validate our findings and to explore the reasons for and satisfaction with the observed educational pathway

The three-dimensional Ising model: A paradigm of liquid-vapor coexistence in nuclear multifragmentation

Clusters in the three-dimensional Ising model rigorously obey reducibility and thermal scaling up to the critical temperature. The barriers extracted from Arrhenius plots depend on the cluster size as $B \propto A^{\sigma}$ where $\sigma$ is a critical exponent relating the cluster size to the cluster surface. All the Arrhenius plots collapse into a single Fisher-like scaling function indicating liquid-vapor-like phase coexistence and the univariant equilibrium between percolating clusters and finite clusters. The compelling similarity with nuclear multifragmentation is discussed.Comment: (4 pages, 4 figures

NATO and CSDP: party and public positioning in Germany and France

This is the final version. Available on open access from the NATO Defense College via the link in this recordVolkswagen Foundatio

"I wish someone had once asked me how I'm doing": Disadvantages and support needs faced by parents of long-term childhood cancer survivors

BACKGROUND: Childhood cancer affects the whole family and can have a lasting impact on parents of childhood cancer survivors (CCS). We aimed to (1) describe parents' perspective of currently experienced disadvantages and of their support needs during treatment, after treatment, and today; (2) identify characteristics associated with disadvantages and support needs; and (3) describe the use of existing support services. PROCEDURE: In this population-based study, we identified parents of CCS (diagnosed ≤16 years of age, ≥5 years since diagnosis, aged ≥20 years at study) through the Swiss Childhood Cancer Registry (SCCR). Parents completed a questionnaire on perceived disadvantages (e.g., job-related, financial, etc.), support needs (e.g., job-related, financial, etc.), and socio-demographics. Cancer-related characteristics were available from the SCCR. We used multivariable multilevel logistic regression to identify characteristics associated with disadvantages and support needs. RESULTS: An average of 24 years after diagnosis, one-fifth of parents (n = 59/308; 19.2%) reported disadvantages, and 7.1% reported support needs. Many parents had desired more support during (66.9%) or after (34.4%) their child's cancer treatment. Parents whose child experienced late effects (OR = 26.6; 95% CI, 2.9-241.0) or was dependent on parents (OR = 10.6; 95% CI, 2.1-53.7) reported greater current need for more support. Almost half of parents (43.5%) reported having used existing support services. CONCLUSIONS: Many parents need more support during and after active treatment of their child's cancer, and some experience support needs and disadvantages long into survivorship. Better promotion of existing services for parental and familial support and setting up new services, where needed, may help parents in the long term

Surface Transitions for Confined Associating Mixtures

Thin films of binary mixtures that interact through isotropic forces and directionally specific "hydrogen bonding" are considered through Monte Carlo simulations. We show, in good agreement with experiment, that the single phase of these mixtures can be stabilized or destabilized on confinement. These results resolve a long standing controversy, since previous theories suggest that confinement only stabilizes the single phase of fluid mixtures.Comment: LaTeX document, documentstyle[aps,preprint]{revtex}, psfig.sty, bibtex, 13 pages, 4 figure

The Association of Early Dietary Supplementation with Vitamin E with the Incidence of Ulcerative Dermatitis in Mice on a C57BL/6 Background

The purpose of this study was to ascertain if prophylactic ingestion of a diet rich in vitamin E would prevent  or impede the development of ulcerative dermatitis in mice on a C57BL/6 background. Mice were fed after  weaning a standard mouse diet, vitamin E (99 IU/kg), or a mouse diet fortified with vitamin E (3000 IU/  kg). Cases of ulcerative dermatitis were recorded by individuals (i.e. aware of) the diet assignment. The  incidence of ulcerative dermatitis in a retrospective cohort of mice on standard diet was compared with the  group on the diet fortified with vitamin E. Age was associated with ulcerative dermatitis in standard diet  and vitamin E fortified diet groups, r = 0.43, p-value &lt; 0.0001 and r = 0.18, p-value &lt; 0.02, respectively.  The average age of incidence for ulcerative dermatitis in the mice fed the standard diet was 89 weeks and  for the mice fed the vitamin E diet it was 41 weeks. The unadjusted odds ratio comparing the incidence of  ulcerative dermatitis between the two diet groups was 4.6 with a 95% confidence interval of (2.44, 8.58),  x2 p-value &lt; 0.0001. Therefore, there was an association between the diets and ulcerative dermatitis, with  the mice on the vitamin E fortified diet having almost five times the odds of having ulcerative dermatitis  compared with mice on the standard diet. Incidence of ulcerative dermatitis was not influenced by sex or  genotype. Our study results show that a diet fortified in vitamin E initiated at weaning does not prevent or  impede the development of ulcerative dermatitis in mice on a C57BL/6 background and on the contrary  accelerate development when administered to young mice.

Author Correction: A methylated lysine is a switch point for conformational communication in the chaperone Hsp90

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper