A comparative study of the lipid panel levels at different duration time and temperature storage

Background: the stability of serum specimen during time storage is importance in clinical and medical science researches in addition of diagnosis. Lipids are organic molecules that classified into 8 classes: fatty acids, phospholipids, glycerolipids, saccharolipids, polyketides, prenol lipids, sterol, and sphingolipids. Lipid analysis (cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein) is a vital tool for diagnosis of numerous disease such as cardiovascular disease. follow-up the lipid profile progression is essential of numerous diseases. Methods: a 72 apparently healthy individual were participated in current study the serum sample was taken after 12-14 hours of fasting. The serum cholesterol, triglyceride, high density cholesterol, low density cholesterol, and very low-density cholesterol were determined. Results: there are no significant value found in all groups when compared to control except triglyceride that was significant after 24 hours of freezing.Comment: 7 page, 1 table, 1 figur

Genetic survey of shallow populations of the Mediterranean red coral [ Corallium rubrum (Linnaeus, 1758)]: new insights into evolutionary processes shaping nuclear diversity and implications for conservation

International audienceCombined action from over-harvesting and recent mass mortality events potentially linked to ongoing climate changes has led to new concerns for the conservation of shallow populations (5-60 m) of Corallium rubrum, an octocorallian that is mainly found in the Mediterranean Sea. The present study was designed to analyse population structure and relationships at different spatial scales (from 10s of meters to 100s of kilometres) with a focus on dispersal pattern. We also performed the first analysis of the distribution of genetic diversity using a comparative approach between regional-clusters and samples. Forty populations dwelling in four distinct regions between 14 and 60 m in depth were genotyped using 10 microsatellites. Our main results indicate (i) a generalized pair-sample differentiation combined with a weak structure between regional-clusters; (ii) the occurrence of isolation by distance at the global scale, but also within two of the three analysed regional-clusters; (iii) a high level of genetic diversity over the surveyed area with a heterogeneous distribution from regional-cluster to sample levels. The evolutionary consequences of these results are discussed and their management implications are provided

Réalisation de transistors bipolaires à double hétérojonction (DHBT) GaAlAs/GaAs pour circuits intégrés I2L

Dans cet article, nous montrons l'intérêt du transistor bipolaire à double hétérojonction (DHBT) pour la filière logique rapide I2L (logique à injection). En effet l'interchangeabilité entre l'émetteur et le collecteur et la liberté de conception résultant de l'utilisation de deux hétérojonctions donnent aux DHBT un grand intérêt dans le domaine des circuits intégrés rapides à grande intégration tels que la logique à injection I2L. L'accent est mis sur le comportement en régime statique de dispositifs d'étude, réalisés par les techniques d'épitaxie par jets moléculaires et d'implantation ionique de magnésium. Les résultats les plus intéressants sont l'obtention de dispositifs symétriques présentant un gain en courant en régime de fonctionnement inverse de 40 pour un gain de 280 en régime normal et de tensions de saturation très faibles de l'ordre de 3 mV

TILLING to detect induced mutations in soybean

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Soybean (<it>Glycine max </it>L. Merr.) is an important nitrogen-fixing crop that provides much of the world's protein and oil. However, the available tools for investigation of soybean gene function are limited. Nevertheless, chemical mutagenesis can be applied to soybean followed by screening for mutations in a target of interest using a strategy known as Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes (TILLING). We have applied TILLING to four mutagenized soybean populations, three of which were treated with ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) and one with N-nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We screened seven targets in each population and discovered a total of 116 induced mutations. The NMU-treated population and one EMS mutagenized population had similar mutation density (~1/140 kb), while another EMS population had a mutation density of ~1/250 kb. The remaining population had a mutation density of ~1/550 kb. Because of soybean's polyploid history, PCR amplification of multiple targets could impede mutation discovery. Indeed, one set of primers tested in this study amplified more than a single target and produced low quality data. To address this problem, we removed an extraneous target by pretreating genomic DNA with a restriction enzyme. Digestion of the template eliminated amplification of the extraneous target and allowed the identification of four additional mutant alleles compared to untreated template.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The development of four independent populations with considerable mutation density, together with an additional method for screening closely related targets, indicates that soybean is a suitable organism for high-throughput mutation discovery even with its extensively duplicated genome.</p

Regional and local environmental conditions do not shape the response to warming of a marine habitat-forming species

The differential response of marine populations to climate change remains poorly understood. Here, we combine common garden thermotolerance experiments in aquaria and population genetics to disentangle the factors driving the population response to thermal stress in a temperate habitatforming species: the octocoral Paramuricea clavata. Using eight populations separated from tens of meters to hundreds of kilometers, which were differentially impacted by recent mortality events, we identify 25 degrees C as a critical thermal threshold. After one week of exposure at this temperature, seven of the eight populations were affected by tissue necrosis and after 30 days of exposure at this temperature, the mean % of affected colonies increased gradually from 3 to 97%. We then demonstrate the weak relation between the observed differential phenotypic responses and the local temperature regimes experienced by each population. A significant correlation was observed between these responses and the extent of genetic drift impacting each population. Local adaptation may thus be hindered by genetic drift, which seems to be the main driver of the differential response. Accordingly, conservation measures should promote connectivity and control density erosion in order to limit the impact of genetic drift on marine populations facing climate change

Optimizing expression and purification of an ATP-binding gene gsiA from Escherichia coli k-12 by using GFP fusion

The cloning, expression and purification of the glutathione (sulfur) import system ATP-binding protein (gsiA) was carried out. The coding sequence of Escherichia coli gsiA, which encodes the ATP-binding protein of a glutathione importer, was amplified by PCR, and then inserted into a prokaryotic expression vector pWaldo-GFPe harboring green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter gene. The resulting recombinant plasmid pWaldo-GFP-GsiA was transformed into various E. coli strains, and expression conditions were optimized. The effect of five E. coli expression strains on the production of the recombinant gsiA protein was evaluated. E. coli BL21 (DE3) was found to be the most productive strain for GsiA-GFP fusion-protein expression, most of which was insoluble fraction. However, results from in-gel and Western blot analysis suggested that expression of recombinant GsiA in Rosetta (DE3) provides an efficient source in soluble form. By using GFP as reporter, the most suitable host strain was conveniently obtained, whereby optimizing conditions for overexpression and purification of the proteins for further functional and structural studies, became, not only less laborious, but also time-saving

Patterns and Mechanisms of Ancestral Histone Protein Inheritance in Budding Yeast

Tracking of ancestral histone proteins over multiple generations of genome replication in yeast reveals that old histones move along genes from 3′ toward 5′ over time, and that maternal histones move up to around 400 bp during genomic replication

Nucleosome accessibility governed by the dimer/tetramer interface

Nucleosomes are multi-component macromolecular assemblies which present a formidable obstacle to enzymatic activities that require access to the DNA, e.g. DNA and RNA polymerases. The mechanism and pathway(s) by which nucleosomes disassemble to allow DNA access are not well understood. Here we present evidence from single molecule FRET experiments for a previously uncharacterized intermediate structural state before H2A–H2B dimer release, which is characterized by an increased distance between H2B and the nucleosomal dyad. This suggests that the first step in nucleosome disassembly is the opening of the (H3–H4)2 tetramer/(H2A–H2B) dimer interface, followed by H2A–H2B dimer release from the DNA and, lastly, (H3–H4)2 tetramer removal. We estimate that the open intermediate state is populated at 0.2–3% under physiological conditions. This finding could have significant in vivo implications for factor-mediated histone removal and exchange, as well as for regulating DNA accessibility to the transcription and replication machinery