Order for materials, 1 December 1870

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Shoreline Management In Chesapeake Bay

This document describes and illustrates specific, practical responses to shoreline management issues. We will begin with a look at the evolution of the Chesapeake Bay and its ongoing, long-term processes. We will proceed to a discussion of the daily, physical mechanisms that affect shoreline change and the topics professionals address in evaluating sites. We will then discuss strategies for managing shorelines, such as bulkheads, seawalls, revetments, groins, breakwaters, beach nourishment, and marsh fringes, as well as taking no action. Finally, we will give you a framework to apply these ideas in terms of the physical environment at the site and the applicable shoreline strategies

Chesapeake Bay Shoreline Study: Headland Breakwaters and Pocket Beaches for Shoreline Erosion Control Final Report

The Chesapeake Bay Shoreline Study is a cooperative project of the Commonwealth of Virginia, the Norfolk District of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and the Virginia Institute of Marine Science. The project consists of three modeling and five monitoring sites located on the tributary estuarine shores of the Virginia portion of Chesapeake Bay. The purpose of the study is to examine more closely gapped-offshore-headland breakwaters and the headland concept for the abatement of estuarine shoreline erosion. Headland breakwaters provide fixed points along a shore between which a series of stable pocket beaches can develop. These structures may represent a lower cost approach to control shoreline erosion as well as provide an environmental edge between what we perceive as land and marine resources

Hog Island Shore Protection and Habitat Restoration Living Shoreline Project

Hog Island is an emergent estuarine marsh complex that is part of the overall Guinea marshes (Figure 1). These marshes are located at the confluence of Mobjack Bay and the York River in Gloucester County, Virginia. Hog Island is a high wave energy eroding shoreline along its south-face on the York River, and lower wave energy along its west and east flanks that occur on Monday Creek (Figure 2). The marsh consists mainly of grasses such as Spartina alterniflora and Spartina patens. A higher, sandy area along the higher energy shorelines has some scrub shrub. Two small ponds and a small creek occur on the interior of the marsh. The edge of the island is irregularly shaped with exposed peat and peat scarps along the shoreline (Figure 3). Hog Island is critical for several reasons including: (1) Guinea Marsh Islands are important maritime habitats for shorebirds, waterfowl, as well as many important marine species; (2) Guinea Marsh Islands provide a storm surge break to the marsh complex inside Monday Creek and down the Mobjack Bay side towards the Severn, which will soon be marshes owned by the Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources; (3) Monday Creek has two aquaculture operations inside of the creek and the uplands provide a storm break for growing oysters; and (4) There are many FEMA repetitive loss structures in Guinea. Protecting these islands reduces the amount of storm surge energy entering the creek and thus reduces flood damage. As such, this project took conservation, resiliency, and protection aspects into consideration when assessing Hog Island for shore protection and habitat restoration. To determine management strategy suitability, the site assessment included hydrodynamic, physical, and biotic conditions existing at the site

Living Shoreline Sea-Level Resiliency: Performance and Adaptive Management of Existing Sites Year 3 Summary Report

The focus of this study was to research the resiliency of rock/sand/plant living shoreline protection systems. These systems have been used in Chesapeake Bay for 40 years to reduce erosion, protect infrastructure, and create habitat that is disappearing from the shoreline as sea level rises. The goal was to determine how they have been affected by storm surge and associated wind-driven waves, sea-level rise. This data informed adaptive management strategies to create site-specific morphologically-resilient projects. The objectives of this 3-year project is monitoring the effectiveness of nature-based resilience projects over time such as those that use hybrid living shoreline management strategies on medium to high wave energy shorelines. To create effective shore protection on these higher energy shorelines, structures are needed in addition to sand and plants to maintain ecosystems along the shoreline. In particular, rock sills and headland breakwaters are used in Chesapeake Bay to maintain continuous coastal profile and a more natural land-water interface

Aberdeen Creek Dredge Channel Data Report

Aberdeen Creek is located on the York River in Gloucester County, Virginia (Figure 1). At the narrow confluence of the York and Aberdeen, the creek takes about a 90-degree bend to the north (Figure 2) and widens to about 700 to 800 feet (ft) for about 2,000 ft. The creek then divides into two branches, one continuing north and one going east. These two prongs narrow quickly and become thin meandering tidal channels with adjacent marsh. The land use around the creek is mostly agricultural and wooded with some residential properties along its east side and along the York River shoreline. The west side of the creek is defined by a sand spit vegetated with high and low marsh that widens quickly into a peninsula north of the entrance. This spit has formed over the years of southward transport of eroding bank sediment along the York River. A sandy spit also occurs on the south side of the channel and has moved across a small tidal channel/marsh coming into Aberdeen Creek from the southeast. (...

Timberneck Creek Dredge Channel Data Report

Introduction Timberneck Creek is located in Gloucester County, Virginia (Figure 1). It is a long, but narrow creek that empties into the York River. The mouth is a wide embayment, but farther north, the creek narrows to about 400 ft wide and extends for about 2 miles to its marshy headwaters. The interior of the creek is irregular with many very small lateral creeks/marsh drainages emptying into the Timberneck. Timberneck Creek has never been dredged and a federally-defined channel does not exist at the site. As a new dredging project, the channel design must balance safety, economic, and sustainability requirements. The channel also must be wide and deep enough to safely accommodate vessel traffic but not so large as to require excessive dredging or habitat modification (Figure 2). (...

Application of Lean Principles to Neurosurgical Procedures: The Case of Lumbar Spinal Fusion Surgery, a Literature Review and Pilot Series

BACKGROUND Delivery of higher value healthcare is an ultimate government and public goal. Improving efficiency by standardization of surgical steps can improve patient outcomes, reduce costs, and lead to higher value healthcare. Lean principles and methodology have improved timeliness in perioperative medicine; however, process mapping of surgery itself has not been performed. OBJECTIVE To apply Plan/Do/Study/Act (PDSA) cycles methodology to lumbar posterior instrumented fusion (PIF) using lean principles to create a standard work flow, identify waste, remove intraoperative variability, and examine feasibility among pilot cases. METHODS Process maps for 5 PIF procedures were created by a PDSA cycle from 1 faculty neurosurgeon at 1 institution. Plan, modularize PIF into basic components; Do, map and time components; Study, analyze results; and Act, identify waste. Waste inventories, spaghetti diagrams, and chartings of time spent per step were created. Procedural steps were broadly defined in order to compare steps despite the variability in PIF and were analyzed with box and whisker plots to evaluate variability. RESULTS Temporal variabilities in duration of decompression vs closure and hardware vs closure were significantly different (P = .003). Variability in procedural step duration was smallest for closure and largest for exposure. Wastes including waiting and instrument defects accounted for 15% and 66% of all waste, respectively. CONCLUSION This pilot series demonstrates that lean principles can standardize surgical workflows and identify waste. Though time and labor intensive, lean principles and PDSA methodology can be applied to operative steps, not just the perioperative period