1,389 research outputs found
Beryllium fastener technology
Program was conducted to develop, produce, and test optimum-configuration, beryllium prestressed and blind fasteners. The program was carried out in four phases - phase 1, feasibility study, phase 2, development, phase 3, evaluation of beryllium alloys, and phase 4, fabrication and testing
Almond volatiles attract neonate larvae of Anarsia lineatella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)
Post-diapause overwintered larvae and neonates of any generation of the peach twig borer, Anarsia lineatella (Zeller), seek suitable sites to bore into and mine tissue of their host plants, including almond and peach. We tested the hypothesis that larvae are attracted to the same almond volatiles that elicit antennal responses from adult moths. Of five candidate almond semiochemicals [Ξ²-bourbonene, (E,E)-Ξ±-farnesene, (E)-Ξ²-ocimene, nonanal, decenal] tested singly or in binary combination (nonanal, decenal) in laboratory Y-tube olfactometers, only Ξ²-bourbonene attracted neonate larvae. Ξ²-bourbonene in combination with (EE)-Ξ±-farnesene was as attractive as the complete almond volatile blend, indicating that they are key semiochemicals for foraging larvae
Using domain-independent problems for introducing formal methods
The key to the integration of formal methods into engineering practice is education. In teaching, domain-independent problems i.e., not requiring prior engineering background-offer many advantages.
Such problems are widely available, but this paper adds two dimensions that are lacking in typical solutions yet are crucial to formal methods: (i) the translation of informal statements into formal expressions; (ii) the role of formal calculation (including proofs) in exposing risks or misunderstandings and in discovering pathways to solutions.
A few example problems illustrate this: (a) a small logical one showing the importance of fully capturing informal statements; (b) a combinatorial one showing how, in going from "real-world" formulations to mathematical ones, formal methods can cover more aspects than classical mathematics, and a half-page formal program semantics suitable for beginners is presented as a support; (c) a larger one showing how a single problem can contain enough elements to serve as a Leitmotiv for all notational and reasoning issues in a complete introductory course.
An important final observation is that, in teaching formal methods, no approach can be a substitute for an open mind, as extreme mathphobia appears resistant to any motivation
ΠΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ° Π² ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ·Π»ΠΎΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ° ΠΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π‘ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΈ
ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π° Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ°, Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π½Π° ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ·Π»ΠΎΡΡ, Π² ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ, Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ, ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ·Π»ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄. Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ: ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ°, Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ
ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ·Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ° ΠΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π‘ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π» Π² ΡΠ΅Π±Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΡ Π½ΡΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π· ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠ° Π½Π° ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»Π°ΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΠ±Π±Π΅, Π½Π° ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ - ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΠΈΡΠΌΠ΅Π½Π°, Π½Π° Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΉ. ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π» ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡΠ°Π»Π° ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ 0,05. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ° ΠΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π‘ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡ
Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ
160 ΠΈ 320 ΡΠΌ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΡΠΌΠΌΡ Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π° Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π·Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 35 Π»Π΅Ρ. Π ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡ
Π° Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°, ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°, Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΌΠΌΡ Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π°. ΠΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ°.The relevance of the research is related to the necessity to assess climate changes affecting the permafrost due to the possible growth of greenhouse gas emissions and increase of accident rate in industrial, oil and gas infrastructure at permafrost thawing. The aim of the research is to estimate the current changes in climate characteristics, which affect directly the thermal state of soils in permafrost areas in the north of Western Siberia. Methods. Analysis of long-term changes of meteorological data consisted of tests of null hypothesis of randomness and homogeneity of observation series and trend presence. The homogeneity test was carried out using the Abbe test, the test of randomness was carried out by Pitman criterion, the trend presence was checked using the criterion of inversions. The conclusion on nonrandom change or violation of the homogeneity of rows corresponded to the condition, when the modulus of the estimated statistics exceeded the corresponding critical value at significance level of 0,05. Results. The paper considers the climatic features in the north of Western Siberia and its variability in recent years. The analysis of temperature changes of air and soil at depths of 160 and 320 cm, the amount of precipitation and snow cover based on the instrumental data for the last 35 years has shown that air temperature continues rising in the warmer months, soil temperature increases throughout the year. The authors have revealed zonal character of changes in the amount of precipitation and snow cover. Microclimatic changes in characteristic of meteorological values can distort the real picture of climate change
Compound eyes of the small white butterfly Pieris rapae have three distinct classes of red photoreceptors
The two subspecies of the small white butterfly, the European Pieris rapae rapae and the Asian P. r. crucivora, differ in wing colouration. Under ultraviolet light, the wings of both male and female P. r. rapae appear dark, whereas the wings of male P. r. crucivora are dark and those of females are bright. It has been hypothesized that these sexually dimorphic wing reflections in P. r. crucivora may have induced the evolution of a fluorescing-screening pigment in the violet-opsin-expressing photoreceptors of males, thus facilitating greater wavelength discrimination near 400nm. Comparing the compound eyes of the two subspecies using genetic, microscopical, spectrographic, and histological methods revealed no differences that would meaningfully affect photoreceptor sensitivity, suggesting that the fluorescing-screening pigment did not evolve in response to sexually dimorphic wing reflections. Our investigation further revealed that (i) the peri-rhabdomal reddish-screening pigments differ among the three ommatidial types; (ii) each of the ommatidial types exhibits a unique class of red photoreceptor with a distinct spectral peak; and (iii) the blue, green, and red photoreceptors of P. rapae exhibit a polarization sensitivity >2, with red photoreceptors allowing for a two-channel opponency form of polarization sensitivity
How political are national identities? A comparison of the United States, the United Kingdom, and Germany in the 2010s
This is the final version of the article. Available from SAGE Publications via the DOI in this record.Original data supporting this research are available from the UK Data Archive (Study Number 851142): http://dx.doi.org/10.5255/UKDA-SN-851142/Research demonstrates the multi-dimensional nature of American identity arguing that the normative content of American identity relates to political ideologies in the United States, but the sense of belonging to the nation does not. This paper replicates that analysis and extends it to the German and British cases. Exploratory structural equation modeling attests to cross-cultural validity of measures of the sense of belonging and norms of uncritical loyalty and engagement for positive change. In the 2010s, we find partisanship and ideology in all three nations explains levels of belonging and the two content dimensions. Interestingly, those identifying with major parties of the left and right in all three countries have a higher sense of belonging and uncritical loyalty than their moderate counterparts. The relationship between partisanship, ideology, and national identity seems to wax and wane over time, presumably because elite political discourse linking party or ideology to identity varies from one political moment to the next.The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: Data collection was funded by a grant from the Economic and Social Research Council of the United Kingdom (RES-061-25-0405)
Suspension-adapted Chinese hamster ovary-derived cells expressing green fluorescent protein as a screening tool for biomaterials
Synthetic biomaterials play an important role in regenerative medicine. To be effective they must support cell attachment and proliferation in addition to being non-toxic and non-immunogenic. We used a suspension-adapted Chinese hamster ovary-derived cell line expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) to assess cell attachment and growth on synthetic biomaterials by direct measurement of GFP-specific fluorescence. To simplify operations, all cell cultivation steps were performed in orbitally-shaken, disposable containers. Comparative studies between this GFP assay and previously established cell quantification assays demonstrated that this novel approach is suitable for rapid screening of a large number of samples. Furthermore the utility of our assay system was confirmed by evaluation of cell growth on three polyvinylidene fluoride polymer scaffolds that differed in pore diameter and drawing conditions. The data presented here prove the general utility of GFP-expressing cell lines and orbital shaking technology for the screening of biomaterials for tissue engineering application
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