Ocean and Great Lakes Awareness Among Fifth and Ninth Grade Ohio Students: A Continuing Study

Author Institution: School of Natural Resources and College of Education, The Ohio State UniversityThe Ohio Sea Grant Education Program conducted a baseline study of ocean and Great Lakes awareness among Ohio's fifth and ninth grade students in 1979, and repeated it with some curriculum-specific additions as a longitudinal study in 1983. This report of the 1983 data indicates that over the 4-year period the ninth graders, cohort of the 1979 fifth graders, increased over 10% in ocean and Great Lakes knowledge scores. However, information considered critical to responsible decision-making is still lacking. Attitudes toward Lake Erie and the oceans, while remaining slightly positive for the group, did not change commensurate with knowledge. A new set of test items dealing specifically with information from Ohio Sea Grant curriculum materials was added to the survey in 1983 to provide a new baseline for future testing. The main self-reported source of student information about these topics changed over the period, so that in 1983 students in both grades were relying more on the classroom than on media sources for aquatic information. The survey will be repeated at regular intervals, continuing a longitudinal study unique to marine and aquatic education in North America

Ohio Students' Knowledge and Attitudes about the Oceans and Great Lakes

Author Institution: School of Natural Resources, The Ohio State University ; Science and Mathematics Education, The Ohio State UniversityA program to develop instructional materials for implementing marine and aquatic education in Ohio middle schools was begun by Ohio Sea Grant in 1977. This was followed 3 years later by a grant to disseminate the materials to schools in Ohio. To determine the effectiveness of the dissemination process a baseline study was conducted in the autumn of 1980. The survey obtained information on attitudes and knowledge of the Great Lakes and oceans from fifth and ninth grade students in randomly selected schools within 3 arbitrarily determined zones: the lake region, the central region and the Ohio River region. In addition, students responded to items to determine their perceptions of the sources of their knowledge

Microbial fuel cell technology for measurement of microbial respiration of lactate as an example of bioremediation amendment

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) based sensing was explored to provide for the development of an insitu bioremediation monitoring approach for substrate concentrations and microbial respiration rates. MFC systems were examined in column systems where Shewanella oneidensis MR1 used an external electron acceptor (an electrode) to metabolize lactate (a bioremediation additive) to acetate. Column systems were operated with varying influent lactate concentrations (0-41mM) and monitored for current generation (0.01-0.39mA). Biological current generation paralleled bulk phase lactate concentration both in the influent and in the bulk phase at the anode; current values were correlated to lactate concentration at the anode (R 2=0.9), The electrical signal provided real-time information for electron donor availability and biological activity. These results have practical implications for efficient and inexpensive real-time monitoring of insitu bioremediation processes where information on substrate concentrations is often difficult to obtain and where information on the rate and nature of metabolic processes is neede

The Policy of Enforcement: Red Light Cameras and Racial Profiling

The article of record as published may be located at http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098611115586174We explore the question of whether some of the often conflicting evidence of racial profiling can be cleared up using red light camera observations to measure racial disparities in traffic violations. Using data from cameras at intersections matched to census data, we find that although citations from the red light cameras are issued to a disproportionate number of minorities based on the racial composition of the surrounding location, the racial composition of the violator is consistent with the racial composition of the block group in which they reside. Our study indicates that red light cameras may have a present and future role in assisting public policy makers on issues of racial profiling thresholds

Extra-legal control of high school interscholastic athletics in Indiana

Not available.J. Ord FortnerNot ListedNot ListedMaster of ScienceDepartment Not ListedCunningham Memorial library, Terre Haute, Indiana State University.isua-thesis-1932-fortner.pdfMastersTitle from document title page. Document formatted into pages: contains 102p. : ill. Includes appendix and bibliography

Direct simulation of ion beam induced stressing and amorphization of silicon

Using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, we investigate the mechanical response of silicon to high dose ion-irradiation. We employ a realistic and efficient model to directly simulate ion beam induced amorphization. Structural properties of the amorphized sample are compared with experimental data and results of other simulation studies. We find the behavior of the irradiated material is related to the rate at which it can relax. Depending upon the ability to deform, we observe either the generation of a high compressive stress and subsequent expansion of the material, or generation of tensile stress and densification. We note that statistical material properties, such as radial distribution functions are not sufficient to differentiate between different densities of amorphous samples. For any reasonable deformation rate, we observe an expansion of the target upon amorphization in agreement with experimental observations. This is in contrast to simulations of quenching which usually result in denser structures relative to crystalline Si. We conclude that although there is substantial agreement between experimental measurements and most simulation results, the amorphous structures being investigated may have fundamental differences; the difference in density can be attributed to local defects within the amorphous network. Finally we show that annealing simulations of our amorphized samples can lead to a reduction of high energy local defects without a large scale rearrangement of the amorphous network. This supports the proposal that defects in amorphous silicon are analogous to those in crystalline silicon.Comment: 13 pages, 12 figure

Collisional quenching of metastable x-ray emitting states in a fast beam of He-like fluorine

High resolution x-ray spectral measurements are used to determine the relative intensity of He-like fluorine x-ray transitions, 2 $sup 3$P$sub 1$ $Yields$ 1 $sup 1$S$sub 0$ and $sup 1$P$sub 1$ $Yields$ $sup 1$S$sub 0$, produced in fluorine collisions with Ne, Ar, and Kr gas targets at various pressures and in thin carbon foils and a thick carbon slab. The relative intensities are observed to be strong functions of both target density and incident charge Z. These effects are attributed to strong collisional quenching of both initial states by subsequent large impact parameter collisions. The data permit extraction for the first time of the total quenching cross sections (sigma/sub Q/ ) for fast fluorine ions in both states. A strong enhancement of the relative intensity of the 2 $sup 3$P$sub 1$ is observed for F$sup 7+$ projectiles. This strong enhancement is attributed to selective excitation of metastable states in the beam, i.e., 1s2s $sup 3$S$sub 1$, into the 1s2p $sup 3$P$sub 1$ state. Finally, the data for foil and solid targets are used to obtain new information on the excitation states of ions moving in solids. High resolution measurements of the radiative electron capture (REC) peak are reported and analyzed for the first time. 3 figs, 1 table (auth

Fifteen years of clinical liver transplantation

Liver transplantation in humans was first attempted more than 15 yr ago. The 1-yr survival has slowly improved until it has now reached about 50%. In our experience, 46 patients have lived for at least 1 yr, with the longest survival being 9 yr. The high acute mortality in early trials was due in many cases to technical and management errors and to the use of damaged organs. With elimination of such factors, survival increased. Further improvements will depend upon better immunosuppression. Orthotopic liver transplantation (liver replacement) is the preferred operation in most cases, but placement of an extra liver (auxiliary transplantation) may have a role under special circumstances. © 1979