Predictions of fish yields and the status of the Kainji Lake fishery, 1998

Length frequency data was collected for the 6 main species from the Kainji Lake fishery for up to 16 months. Growth parameters were estimated and used for virtual - population and length based cohort analysis. The results from cohort analysis suggest that before the ban on beach seines the maximum economic yield from the fishery was overshot by 70%. Yield per recruit analysis showed that the fish are caught far below their optimum size. Fishing gears and the timing responsible for this early mortality have been identified. After the eradication of seines from the lake a 10% increase in total catch revenue can be expected from the fishery. This is equivalent to an increase in income of Naira 18,300 per annum for each fishing entrepreneur using other methods. A scenario for the regulation of cast net mesh size together with the ban of beach seines has been presented. A further increase of Naira 142 million (N25,500 per entrepreneur) can be anticipated if this is implemented by the Kainji Lake Fisheries Management and Conservation Unit. It is expected that the annual increase in fishing effort presently experienced will cause future yields to decline. The rate of the decline has been reduced by the eradication of the beach seine fishery and will further fall if the minimum mesh size for cast nets is implemented. A recommendation is made to the Kainji Lake Fisheries Management and Conservation Unit to first consolidate the beach seine ban and then to implement a ban of undersized cast nets. (PDF contains 70 pages

Importancia de la planificación en el entrenamiento deportivo : análisis del proceso de entrenamiento en minibasket

La influencia que el entrenamiento deportivo tiene en el proceso formativo del joven jugador de baloncesto tiene una importancia vital. La consideración de principios pedagógicos a la hora del diseño de las sesiones de entrenamiento lleva a que éstas se desarrollen en un entorno que asegure la formación integral de los jugadores. Esto justifica la importancia de la planificación y control de los entrenamientos deportivos. La tecnología puede facilitar este proceso surgiendo un programa específico para este ámbito como es el “Pyc Basket”. El presente estudio tiene como objeto el análisis de las sesiones de entrenamiento diseñadas en una temporada por un entrenador de minibasket, así como mostrar la utilidad del “Pyc Basket” para la planificación y el control del entrenamiento deportivo. Los resultados muestran como el entrenador trabaja bajo una metodología alternativa al ser predominante la utilización del juego como medio, las situaciones de juego muestran una progresión siendo superior la utilización de situaciones de 1x1, se trabaja más la fase de ataque pero con una intención clara de tratar ambas y el tiempo dedicado a los contenidos tácticos es superior que el de la técnica. Son varias las aportaciones de esta herramienta al ámbito deportivo, mejorar la calidad de las sesiones de entrenamiento, favorecer las investigaciones sobre la metodología, conocimiento y formación de los entrenadores, etc. Todo ello para mejorar la formación de los jugadores y consecuentemente conseguir el éxito de este deporte.The sports training’s influence has on the educational process of a young basketball player, has a vital importance. The consideration of pedagogic principles for the design of training sessions leads them to be developed in an environment, which ensures the players’ integral formation. This justifies the importance of the planning and control of the sports training. Technology can ease this process, appearing a specific programme for this field as “Pyc Basket”. The present paper has as objective, the analysis of the designed training sessions in a season for a minibasket coach, as well as showing the usefulness of “Pyc Basket” for the planning and the control of a sports training. The results show how the coach works under an alternative method, since the use of the game as a medium is predominant; also the game situations demonstrate a progress, being the use of 1x1 situations superior. In addition, they also displayed that the attack is worked more, but with a clear intention of training both; and the time devoted to the tactical contents is greater than that of the technique. The contributions of this tool to the sports field are several, to improve the quality of training sessions, to support the researches on this methodology, knowledge and coaches’ formation, etc. Overall, all of that is to improve the formation of athletes, and consequently, to achieve the success of this sport

Integration of physical operations in the hydrometallurgical processing of spent Zn-MnO2 batteries

The recycling of spent Zn-MnO2 batteries by hydrometallurgy involves the leaching of material previously treated by physical processing to allow the liberation of electrode particles and the separation of unwanted scrap. The integration of these physical operations with leaching is therefore crucial for the optimization of the process, allowing achieving high recovery yields of zinc and manganese and minimizing reactants consumption and iron contamination. In this paper, several options involving physical processing and leaching with sulphuric acid are presented and discussed. After batteries shredding and disaggregation, the separation of steel scrap was performed by sieving or magnetic separation, and the remaining solids were treated by leaching. These options were compared, in terms of metals recovery and contamination, with the alternative of direct leaching of all the shredded fractions without physical treatment. The separation of the steel scrap by sieving or magnetic separation allowed the removal from the circuit of 37 or 49% of iron, respectively, with losses of 15 or 6% of zinc and 2 or 4% of manganese. Therefore more than 50% of iron remained in the process, which was attributed to the presence of iron oxides formed by the corrosion of the battery cases. In the leaching operation, zinc dissolution was very effective (yields above 97%) while manganese is strongly depended from the process option, being its leaching proportional to the presence of scrap (yields of 80%, 56% and 43%, respectively in direct leaching, sieving / leaching and magnetic separation / leaching). These results showed that iron plays an important role in the reductive leaching of manganese species (III or IV), and so the presence of steel scrap in leaching, besides disadvantages concerning solutions contamination, contributes positively for the leaching efficienc

Study of internal and external load by different instruments: A case study in grassroots

[Resumen] Los dispositivos tecnológicos utilizados actualmente para registrar carga externa e interna no son accesibles al fútbol formativo por su alto coste económico. Por ello, herramientas para cuantificar la carga y categorizar las tareas son muy útiles para el proceso de entrenamiento. Por tanto, los objetivos del presente trabajo son: (1) identificar las diferencias en la carga objetiva en función de las variables de carga externa subjetiva y (2) analizar la relación entre ambos métodos de cuantificación. 157 tareas realizadas por un equipo de 20 jugadores juveniles fueron analizadas. La recogida de datos se realizó mediante: (a) carga objetiva, dispositivos inerciales WIMUTM y (b) carga subjetiva, Sistema Integral para el Análisis de las Tareas de Entrenamiento (SIATE). El análisis estadístico estuvo compuesto por ANOVA de un factor con el post-hoc Bonferroni y la prueba de correlación de Pearson. Los principales resultados indican que existe influencia de las variables de carga subjetiva en las variables de carga objetiva (p.05), encontrando una alta correlación entre ellas (r>.84). Las características de las tareas modifican de forma directa las demandas de carga, siendo herramientas subjetivas como SIATE útiles para su registro ante la ausencia de material tecnológico.[Abstract] The technological devices utilized currently for the external and internal load register are not accessible in grassroots due to their high costs. Thus, tools for load quantification and tasks categorization are very useful to improve the training process. Therefore, the aims of the present study are to: (1) identify the differences between objective load of training tasks in relation to subjective external load variables and (2) analyse the relationship between both load quantification methods. 157 tasks performed by an 18-players youth soccer team were analysed. The load register was realised by: (a) objective load, WIMUTM inertial devices and (b) subjective load, Integral System for Training Tasks Analysis (SIATE). The statistical analysis was composed by one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc and Pearson correlation test. The main results indicate that exist an influence of subjective load variables in objective load variables (p.05), finding a high correlation between loads (r>.84). The task characteristics directly modify the load demands, being subjective tools as SIATE useful for their register when technological devices are not availableJunta de Extremadura; GR1817

Basketball game-related statistics that discriminate between teams season-long success

The aim of the present study was to identify the game-related statistics that discriminate between season-long successful and unsuccessful basketball teams participating in the Spanish Basketball League (LEB1). The sample included all 145 average records per season from the 870 games played between the 2000-2001 and the 2005-2006 regular seasons. The following game-related statistics were gathered from the official box scores of the Spanish Basketball Federation: 2- and 3-point field-goal attempts (both successful and unsuccessful), free-throws (both successful and unsuccessful), defensive and offensive rebounds, assists, steals, turnovers, blocks (both made and received), and fouls (both committed and received). To control for season variability, all results were normalized to minutes played each season and then converted to z-scores. The results allowed discrimination between best and worst teams' performances through the following game-related statistics: assists (SC=0.47), steals (SC=0.34), and blocks (SC=0.30). The function obtained correctly classified 82.4% of the cases. In conclusion, season-long performance may be supported by players' and teams' passing skills and defensive preparation

Un estudi sobre interdisciplinarietat, professions socials i acció socioeducativa

Aquest article és el relat d'un seguit d'accions encetades per donar resposta a una serie de preguntes referides a l'àmbit de la intervenció socioeducativa. El que volíem era conèixer I'estat de la interdisciplinarietat en I'àmbit de les accions socioeducatives professionals. En quin grau i de quina manera conflueixen les diferents disc iplines en I'acció social o socioeducativa? Quines professions i professionals d'alló social van desenvolupant aquestes accions? Quines relacions -de col·laboració; de confrontació; d'aïllament, etc.- es produeixen entre elles? I, per últim, ens preguntàvem: existeix una consciència entre els i les professionals sobre la necessitat -o no- d'aquesta interdisciplinarietat

Surrogate-based optimization of tidal turbine arrays: a case study for the Faro-Olhão inlet

This paper presents a study for estimating the size of a tidal turbine array for the Faro-Olhão Inlet (Potugal) using a surrogate optimization approach. The method compromises problem formulation, hydro-morphodynamic modelling, surrogate construction and validation, and constraint optimization. A total of 26 surrogates were built using linear RBFs as a function of two design variables: number of rows in the array and Tidal Energy Converters (TECs) per row. Surrogates describe array performance and environmental effects associated with hydrodynamic and morphological aspects of the multi inlet lagoon. After validation, surrogate models were used to formulate a constraint optimization model. Results evidence that the largest array size that satisfies performance and environmental constraints is made of 3 rows and 10 TECs per row.Eduardo González-Gorbeña has received funding for the OpTiCA project (http://msca-optica.eu/) from the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions of the European Union's H2020-MSCA-IF-EF-RI-2016 / GA#: 748747. The paper is a contribution to the SCORE pro-ject, funded by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT–PTDC/AAG-TEC/1710/2014). André Pacheco was supported by the Portuguese Foun-dation for Science and Technology under the Portuguese Researchers’ Programme 2014 entitled “Exploring new concepts for extracting energy from tides” (IF/00286/2014/CP1234).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Estudio de las fases de juego a través del análisis del entrenamiento deportivo en categoría minibasket

El objeto de este estudio fue analizar la planificacion de las fases de juego que realiza un entrenador durante el entrenamiento. La muestra la constituyen la totalidad de las tareas de entrenamiento de dos temporadas deportivas (n=846). Las variables de estudio fueron las fases de juego, los medios de entrenamiento y las situaciones de juego. Se analizaron las diferencias en el tratamiento de las variables en las dos temporadas y la relacion entre las variables. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto el predominio de la fase de ataque sobre la de defensa. El tratamiento de los contenidos ofensivos se plantea con la utilizacion de ejercicios y con situaciones de juegos sin oposicion (1x0). Para el trabajo defensivo se opta por los juegos y las situaciones de 1x1

O meio de ensino como determinante da carga externa das tarefas utilizadas para ensinar do futebol escolar

Resumen: Introducción: Conocer la carga externa (external Training Load, eTL) de las tareas permitirá un diseño más riguroso de las sesiones y acorde a las demandas reales del fútbol. Objetivos: Analizar la incidencia que tienen los medios empleados en las clases de Educación Física para la enseñanza del fútbol en la cuantificación de eTL. Métodos: Se categorizaron 307 tareas, diseñadas por seis profesores en fase de pre-servicio, mediante el Sistema Integral para el Análisis de las Tareas de Entrenamiento. La cuantificación de eTL de las tareas se obtuvo a través de seis variables: grado de oposición, densidad de la tarea, porcentaje de ejecutantes simultáneos, carga competitiva, espacio de juego e implicación cognitiva. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo e inferencial a través de los Residuos Tipificados Corregidos (RTC) de las tablas de contingencia y se analizaron las diferencias entre los medios a través de las pruebas estadísticas H de Kruskal-Wallis y U de Mann-Whitney. Resultados y discusión: Los resultados inferenciales muestran diferencias significativas en la eTL (x2=202.775; p=.000; d=2.782) y en la eTL*Tiempo (x2=135.475; p=.000; d=1.763) en función de los medios de enseñanza. Estas diferencias se deben a la modificación de los parámetros estructurales y formales de las tareas. Conclusiones: Los profesores analizados emplean con mayor frecuencia los ejercicios, provocando éstos una eTL muy-baja. Los juegos específicos y el deporte/minideporte provocan niveles más altos de eTL debido al mayor aprovechamiento del grado de oposición, la carga competitiva y la implicación cognitiva durante la organización de las tareas.Abstract: Introduction: Knowing the external Training Load (eTL) of the tasks will allow a more rigorous design and according to the real demands of soccer. Aims: Analyze the incidence of the means of teaching used in Physical Education classes for teaching soccer in the quantification of eTL. Methods: A total of 307 tasks, designed by six pre-service teachers, were categorized through the Integral System for Training Task Analysis. The quantification of the eTL was obtained through six variables: degree of opposition, density of the task, percentage of simultaneous performers, competitive load, game area and cognitive involvement. A descriptive and inferential analysis were performed using the Adjusted Standardized Residuals (ASR) of the contingency tables. The differences between the means of teaching were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis H and Mann-Whitney U statistical tests. Results & discussion: There are significant differences in the eTL (x2=202.775; p=.000; d=2.782) and in the eTL*Time (x2=135.475; p=.000; d=1.763) depending on the means of teaching. The modification of the structural and formal parameters of the tasks caused these differences. Conclusions: The analyzed teachers used the exercises more frequently, causing these a very low eTL. The specific games and sport/mini-sport caused higher levels of eTL due to the greater use the degree of opposition, the competitive load and the cognitive implication during the organization of tasks.Resumo: Introdução: Conhecer a carga externa (external Training Load, eTL) das tarefas permitira um design mais rigoroso das sessões e de acordo com as demandas reais do futebol. Objectivos: Analisar a incidência que têm os meios usados nas aulas de Educação Física para o ensino do futebol na quantificação de eTL. Métodos: 307 tarefas, desenhado por seis professores na fase de pré-serviço, foram categorizadas através do Sistema Integral de Análise das Tarefas de Treinamento. A quantificação do eTL das tarefas obteve-se através de seis variáveis: grau de oposição, densidade das tarefas, porcentagem de executores simultâneos, carga competitiva, espaço do jogo e implicação cognitiva. A análise descritiva e inferencial foi realizada através dos Resíduos Tipificados Corrigidos (RTC) das tabelas de contingência e as diferenças entre os meios foram analisados através dos testes estatísticos H de Kruskal-Wallis e U de Mann-Whitney. Resultados e discussão: Os resultados inferenciais mostram diferenças significativas no eTL (x2=202.775, p=.000, d=2.778) e no eTL*Time (x2=135.475, p=.000, d=1.763) em funçao dos meios de ensino. Estas diferenças devem-se à modificação dos parâmetros estruturais e formais das tarefas. Conclusões: Os professores analisados usam os exercícios mais frequentemente, estão a causar um eTL muito baixo. Os Jogos específicos e desporto/minidesporto causam níveis mais altos de eTL devido ao aumento do uso do grau de oposição, da carga competitiva e da implicação cognitiva durante a organização das tarefas