On the equivalence between compromise programming and the use of composite compromise metrics.

This paper analyzes the relationship between Compromise Programming and a close relative called Composite Programming that is based on the use of composite metrics. More specifically, it focuses on the possibility that the results of Compromise Programming are equivalent to those obtained with a particular case of Composite Programming in which a linear combination between the two bounds of the compromise set is established. Several situations, depending on the number of criteria involved and the mathematical structure of the efficient set, are studied. The most relevant result is obtained when two criteria are involved and the efficient set is continuously differentiable. In this case, it is possible to find a unique equivalent value of the control parameter in Composite Programming for each metric in Compromise Programming. It is remarked that this particular case is very relevant in many economic scenarios. On the other hand, it turns out that the equivalence between both approaches can not be extended to the case with more than two criteria.Compromise programming, composite metric, p-norms, economic optimization.

A goal programming approach for a joint design of macroeconomic and environmental policies: a methodological proposal and an application to the spanish economy

Economic policy needs to pay more attention to environmental issues. This calls for the development of methodologies capable of incorporating environmental as well as macroeconomic goals in the design of public policies. In view of this, this paper proposes a methodology based upon Simonian satisficing logic implemented with the help of goal programming models to address the joint design of macroeconomic and environmental policies. The methodology is applied to the Spanish economy, where a joint policy is elicited, taking into account macroeconomic goals (economic growth, inflation, unemployment, public deficit) and environmental goals (CO2, NOx and SOx emissions) within the context of a computable general equilibrium model.Environmental policies, goal programming, macroeconomic policies, computable general equilibrium model, multiple criteria decision making, satisficing logic.

Anthropometric measures as predictive indicators of metabolic risk in a population of “holy week costaleros”

Preventive measures are a priority in those groups that perform intense physical efforts without physical preparation and that can also be overweight or obese. One of the groups that reflect these characteristics is the costaleros of the Holy Week of Andalusia, Spain. This paper aims to describe the effect of obesity on blood pressure. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 101 costaleros. The anthropometric measures were determined through segmental impedance. Cardiac recovery and anaerobic power were measured through the Ruffier–Dickson test and the Abalakov test, respectively. Blood pressure was measured when the individuals were at rest. The Kruskal–Wallis test was applied for of continuous parameters and the X2 test for dichotomous measures. Binary logistic regression models were used for the subsequent analysis with R-square and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves. The average population was 28 years of age, 173.7 cm tall, and 82.59 Kg weigh. The excess of body fat was 11.27 Kg and Body Mass Index was 27.33 Kg/m2. 72.3% showed abnormal blood pressure and 68.2% were overweight. 32.7% had a waist-hip ratio higher than 0.94. The probability of presenting abnormal blood pressure was higher among the subjects whose fat content was higher and muscle content was lower

Implicaciones del hiperparatiroidismo primario en cirugía ortopédica y traumatología: presentación de dos casos y revisión de la bibliografía

El hiperparatiroidismo primario es una patología en relación con el metabolismo del calcio con el resultado de niveles de calcio séricos elevados y un incremento en el nivel de hormona paratifoidea (PTH). Los pacientes suelen encontrarse asintomáticos al diagnóstico, basándose en un diagnóstico bioquímico, al observarse un nivel de calcio sérico elevado. Los avances en imagen, mediciones de hormona paratiroidea y la técnica quirúrgica permite un abordaje sin necesidad de la exploración de las cuatro glándulas paratiroideas. El objetivo de nuestro trabajo es realizar una revisión retrospectiva de pacientes afectos de hiperparatiroidismo primario en nuestro centro y mostrar su implicación en cirugía ortopédica y traumatología.Primary hyperparathyroidism is a generalized disorder of calcium metabolism resulting from abnormally high levels of serum calcium and an increased level of parathyroid hormone (PTH). Are most often diagnosed when routine biochemical testing shows an elevated serum calcium levels. Advances in imaging technology, intraoperative parathyroid hormone measurement, and surgical technique now allow parathyroidectomy to be performed using a focused approach without the absolute need of a four-gland exploration. We have done a retrospective revision of patients with hyperparathyroidism and his implication in orthopaedics surgery

1-D Harmonic Oscillator in Snyder Space, the Classic and the Quantum

The 1-D dimension harmonic oscillator in Snyder space is investigated in its classical and quantum versions. The classical trajectory is obtained and the semiclassical quantization from the phase space trajectories is discussed. In the meanwhile, an effective cutoff to high frequencies is found. The quantum version is developed and an equivalent usual harmonic oscillator is obtained through an effective mass and an effective frequency introduced in the model. This modified parameters give us an also modified energy spectra.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figure

CRP-cAMP mediates silencing of Salmonella virulence at the post-transcriptional level

Invasion of epithelial cells by Salmonella enterica requires expression of genes located in the pathogenicity island I (SPI-1). The expression of SPI-1 genes is very tightly regulated and activated only under specific conditions. Most studies have focused on the regulatory pathways that induce SPI-1 expression. Here, we describe a new regulatory circuit involving CRP-cAMP, a widely established metabolic regulator, in silencing of SPI-1 genes under non-permissive conditions. In CRP-cAMP-deficient strains we detected a strong upregulation of SPI-1 genes in the mid-logarithmic growth phase. Genetic analyses revealed that CRP-cAMP modulates the level of HilD, the master regulator of Salmonella invasion. This regulation occurs at the post-transcriptional level and requires the presence of a newly identified regulatory motif within the hilD 3’UTR. We further demonstrate that in Salmonella the Hfq-dependent sRNA Spot 42 is under the transcriptional repression of CRP-cAMP and, when this transcriptional repression is relieved, Spot 42 exerts a positive effect on hilD expression. In vivo and in vitro assays indicate that Spot 42 targets, through its unstructured region III, the 3’UTR of the hilD transcript. Together, our results highlight the biological relevance of the hilD 3’UTR as a hub for post-transcriptional control of Salmonella invasion gene expression.Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness BIO2010-15417 BIO2013-44220-R AGL2013-45339-RRecerCaixa program 2012/ACUP/00048Catalonian government 2017SGR49

Análisis de la viabilidad de una peletizadora de biomasa forestal en la Reserva de la Biosfera de la Sierra del Rincón (Madrid)

En este trabajo se plantea como objetivo el análisis del aprovechamiento de biomasa forestal en la las Reservas de Biosfera (RB) de la Sierra del Rincón (Comunidad de Madrid), determinando la biomasa forestal disponible como materia prima para una planta peletizadora en La Hiruela bajo cuatro escenarios y aplicado sobre distintas áreas de aprovechamiento. Esta metodología se fundamenta en datos del Tercer Inventario Forestal Nacional, el mapa forestal, la Zonificación de la RB, un Modelo Digital de Elevaciones y la red viaria. A partir de estos datos se modela a través de un SIG las actividades necesarias para la puesta en planta de la biomasa forestal: corta, saca, carga de madera a camión y coste de transporte desde cada punto de recogida a la planta peletizadora. Además se definen las zonas de extracción de biomasa forestal y los puntos de recogida, indicando el número de camiones necesarios en función de la biomasa disponible. Con todos estos datos se definen los costes de esas actividades en función de los escenarios y áreas de aprovechamiento definidos. Los resultados muestran el efecto de las restricciones de la zonificación de la RB en la disponibilidad de biomasa forestal y los costes en función de la tecnología de extracción

Diferenciación de clases de ocupación del suelo según su multiangularidad

Desde los años 70 se conoce que la reflectancia de las distintas ocupaciones del suelo varía según los ángulos de observación e iluminación, es decir, las cubiertas son anisotrópicas. Por tanto, la geometría de captación es un condicionante importante a tener en cuenta a la hora de analizar las imágenes captadas, pero al mismo tiempo se podría aprovechar lo que tal anisotropía nos infiere. A este respecto, existen varios trabajos que hablan de la capacidad de estimar características estructurales de la vegetación y caracterizar distintas ocupaciones del suelo, utilizando variables multiangulares. El objetivo del presente trabajo es evaluar la posibilidad en primera instancia, de poder diferenciar distintas ocupaciones del suelo a partir de la información multiangular que nos proporciona el sensor Multi Angle Spectro Radiometer (MISR) a bordo del satélite TERRA.Para ello se ha trabajado con el producto elaborado MISR L2 Land Surface de 1.1 km de pixel, que proporciona los parámetros ρ, Θ y k para cuatro bandas, azul, verde, rojo e infrarrojo cercano, del modelo RPV, un modelo semiempírico de factor de reflectancia bidireccional (BRF). Los datos utilizados son de fecha 21/7/2005, para píxeles puros de CORINE Land Cover 2006 de la España peninsular. Los resultados muestran que las clases agrícolas tienen medias significativamente más bajas para el parámetro ρ y más altas para los parámetros Θ y k que las clases forestales para todas las bandas. Tales resultados invitan a pensar que la multiangularidad puede ayudar a la hora de mejorar las clasificaciones de imágenes y determinar estructuras en las ocupaciones del suelo

Análisis interregional utilizando una matriz insumo-producto bi-regional de Argentina

This paper presents a regional case study using a Bi-Regional Input-Output (BRIO) matrix of Buenos Aires City (BAC) and the Rest of Argentina (ROA), constructed from the Argentinian Input-Output matrix. A hybrid approach was applied to obtain the BRIO matrix, which combines pure non-survey methods with matrix-balancing methods like RAS or Cross-Entropy. Once the BRIO matrix was obtained, our study has focused on analyzing the BAC regional structure and the interconnections between regions. We have also estimated the regional and national carbon footprint for the BAC and Argentina, respectively. Results show that service and industry sectors play an important role in the economy of BAC and some of them have strong interregional spillover effects over the rest of the country. In addition, the results also show that sectors on BAC with the highest regional multipliers are also the ones with highest emissions.Este artículo presenta un caso de estudio regional utilizando una matriz Bi-Regional Input-Output (BRIO) de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires (BAC) y el Resto de Argentina (ROA), construida a partir de la matriz Input-Output de Argentina. Se ha utilizado una metodología híbrida para obtener la matriz BRIO, la cual combina métodos indirectos puros y métodos de calibración de matrices como RAS y Entropía Cruzada. Una vez obtenida la matriz BRIO, nuestro estudio se ha centrado en analizar la estructura regional de la BAC y las interconexiones entre regiones. También hemos realizado la estimación de la huella de carbono nacional y regional para Argentina y en la BAC, respectivamente. Los resultados muestran que los sectores de servicios e industria juegan un papel importante en la economía de la BAC y algunos de ellos tienen fuertes efectos indirectos interregionales sobre el resto del país. Además, los resultados también muestran que los sectores de la BAC con los multiplicadores regionales más altos también son los que tienen las emisiones más altas