Perinatal and social risk of poor language, memory, and learning outcomes in a cohort of extremely and very preterm children

Children born extremely preterm (EPT) or very preterm (VPT) are at risk of neurodevelopmental impairment. How the interaction between biological and social risk factors affects cognitive development has not yet been completely understood. The objectives of this study are to analyze and compare the language, memory, and learning outcomes of five-year-old children born EPT (<28 weeks’ gestational age) and VPT (28–31+6 weeks’ gestational age) and to determine the risk of having poor outcomes attending to perinatal and maternal characteristics. The analysis included 377 children born VPT (n = 284) and EPT (n = 93) in 2011–2012. Maternal, neonatal, and clinical information was obtained at birth, and maternal education was obtained at five years using a parental questionnaire. At five years, the language, memory, and learning outcomes were assessed with the developmental NEuroPSYchological assessment second edition (NEPSY-II®). Logistic regression models were applied to assess the association of biological and social risk factors with performance below the expected level for the child’s age in language, memory, and learning subtests. Lower maternal age and education increased the odds of having language performance below the expected level for the child’s age, while lower maternal educational level and gestational age increased the likelihood of having memory performance below the expected level. Children living in the most social disadvantage contexts are at a higher risk of suboptimal cognitive development. Implementing intervention programs in disadvantaged contexts and targeting specific cognitive domains may enable EPT and VPT children to reach and fulfill their potential in society. © 2022 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.This work is financed by national funding through the FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P., in the scope of the projects UIDB/04750/2020 e LA/P/0064/2020

Diagnostico e prioridades de pesquisa em agricultura irrigada: Região Nordeste.

Irrigação em: Maranhão, Piauí, Ceara, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Alagoas, Sergipe, Bahia.bitstream/item/43731/1/Diagnostico-e-prioridades-regiao-nordeste.pd

Comportamento, estudo de correlações e herdabilidade de alguns caracteres quantitativos em clones jovens de seringueira (Hevea spp.).

Este trabalho é um estudo preliminar sobre o comportamento de novos clones nas condições de Manaus, e procura também estimar a magnitude de correlações, herdabilidade e ganho genético entre os caracteres em estudo

Comportamento Preliminar de Alguns Clones de Seringueira.

Em três experimentos, em andamento, em áreas do Latossolo Amarelo, textura argilosa, de baixa fertilidade natural, boa profundidade e bem drenado, ocorrente em áreas do Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Seringueira e Dendê (CNPSD), em Manaus, AM, estio sendo avaliados a produção e o desenvolvimento de 48 clones de seringueira (Hevea spp.) das séries Fx IAN, RRIM e alguns clones primários em diferentes idades. Foi utilizado o delineamento de blocos casualizados em dois ou três experimentos, com 10 e 25 plantas por parcela, respectivamente, com duas repetições, obedecendo ao espaçamento de 7 m x 3 m. 0 terceiro experimento foi delineado em látece tripo 5 x 5, com 20 plantas por parcela. Os resultados indicam que, dos 48 clones estudados, os clones Fx 3899, IAN 717, Fx 4098, IAN 6158 e IAN 6323 estão mostrando o melhor desempenho em relação à produção e ao vigor

Characterization of cell-induced astigmatism in high-resolution imaging

Supramolecular & Biomaterials Chemistr

Pesquisa e desenvolvimento da heveicultura no Brasil.

O inicio da pesquisa com seringueira no Brasil deu-se em 1937, quando foram desenvolvidas, em Fordlandia e Belterra no Estado do Para, as primeiras acoes de pesquisa entao voltadas para o controle de surtos epidemicos do fungo Microcyclus ulei ocorridos na regiao. A partir de 1946, o Instituto Agronomico do Norte (IAN) assumiu e deu sequencia aos trabalhos desenvolvidos pela Companhia Ford, dando inicio a segunda fase dos trabalhos com seringueira na regiao Norte. Na regiao Nordeste, especificamente no Estado da Bahia, os trabalhos com seringueira iniciaram-se em 1951, com a criacao do Instituto Agronomico do Leste (IPEAL), enquanto na regiao Centro-Sul, particularmente no Estado de Sao Paulo, o marco inicial dos trabalhos de pesquisa com seringueira deve-se ao Instituto Agronomico de Campinas (IAC), em 1942. A vitalizacao da pesquisa se fez sentir a partir de 1975 com a criacao do Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Seringueira (CNPSe), atualmente Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Seringueira e Dende (CNPSD), apos acordo entre a Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria (EMBRAPA) e a Superintendencia da Borracha (SUDHEVEA).bitstream/item/83140/1/Pesquisa-e-Desenvolvimento-da-Heveicultura-no-Brasil.pd

A New Perceptual Bias Reveals Suboptimal Population Decoding of Sensory Responses

Several studies have reported optimal population decoding of sensory responses in two-alternative visual discrimination tasks. Such decoding involves integrating noisy neural responses into a more reliable representation of the likelihood that the stimuli under consideration evoked the observed responses. Importantly, an ideal observer must be able to evaluate likelihood with high precision and only consider the likelihood of the two relevant stimuli involved in the discrimination task. We report a new perceptual bias suggesting that observers read out the likelihood representation with remarkably low precision when discriminating grating spatial frequencies. Using spectrally filtered noise, we induced an asymmetry in the likelihood function of spatial frequency. This manipulation mainly affects the likelihood of spatial frequencies that are irrelevant to the task at hand. Nevertheless, we find a significant shift in perceived grating frequency, indicating that observers evaluate likelihoods of a broad range of irrelevant frequencies and discard prior knowledge of stimulus alternatives when performing two-alternative discrimination

A neural signature of the unique hues

Since at least the 17th century there has been the idea that there are four simple and perceptually pure “unique” hues: red, yellow, green, and blue, and that all other hues are perceived as mixtures of these four hues. However, sustained scientific investigation has not yet provided solid evidence for a neural representation that separates the unique hues from other colors. We measured event-related potentials elicited from unique hues and the ‘intermediate’ hues in between them. We find a neural signature of the unique hues 230 ms after stimulus onset at a post-perceptual stage of visual processing. Specifically, the posterior P2 component over the parieto-occipital lobe peaked significantly earlier for the unique than for the intermediate hues (Z = -2.9, p = .004). Having identified a neural marker for unique hues, fundamental questions about the contribution of neural hardwiring, language and environment to the unique hues can now be addressed

A grounded theory of female adolescents' dating experiences and factors influencing safety: the dynamics of the Circle

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>This paper describes the nature and characteristics of the dating relationships of adolescent females, including any of their experiences of abuse.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A grounded theory approach was used with 22 theoretically sampled female adolescents ages 15–18.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Several important themes emerged: Seven stages of dating consistently described the relationships of female adolescents. A circle consisting of two interacting same sex peer groups provided structure for each teen as they navigated the dating course. The circle was the central factor affecting a female adolescent's potential for risk or harm in dating relationships. Teens defined abuse as an act where the intention is to hurt. Having once succumbed to sexual pressure, teens felt unable to refuse sex in subsequent situations.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>An awareness of both the stages of dating and the dynamics of the circle will assist health care providers to plan and implement interventions in the female adolescent population. Study findings on factors and influences that support non-abusive versus abusive relationship might help identify female teens at risk and/or support interventions aimed at preventing dating violence.</p