Erratum to: 36th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s13054-016-1208-6.]

Nurses' perceptions of aids and obstacles to the provision of optimal end of life care in ICU

Contains fulltext : 172380.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access

Growth and characterization of Cu2ZnxFe1-xSnS4 thin films deposited on n-type silicon substrates

International audienceCu2FeSnS4 and Cu2ZnSnS4 ingots were successfully grown by direct melting of their high-purity constituent elements from stoichiometric compositions (copper, iron, zinc, tin and sulfide). Subsequently, thin films of CFTS and CZTS were deposited on unheated n-type silicon substrates through the vacuum evaporation method. These deposited films were sulfided for 30 min at a sulfidation treatment temperature Ts = 400 °C. The structural properties of the C (Z, F)TS thin films were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The resulting studies suggest the existence of polycrystalline phases where CZTS has a kesterite structure and CFTS a stannite structure. Composition analysis also indicates that the synthesized C (Z,F)TS powders are close to the expected stoichiometry. A good crystallinity of CZTS followed by an increase in the average roughness value of this film is highlighted in the thin film micrographs of C (Z,F)TS. Furthermore, the Hall effect indicates that the prepared C (Z,F)TS films exhibit a manifest p-type semiconductor, and the conductivity, mobility and carrier charge concentration are higher for the CZTS thin film. The electrical conductivity of the CFTS and CZTS thin films were investigated using the impedance spectroscopy technique in the frequency range 5 Hz–13 MH. Values of activation energy are indicative of thermal activation of the conduction mechanism by jumping between localized states. Further, the analysis of the frequency and temperature dependence of the AC conductivity supports the correlated barrier hopping (CBH) model

Apport de la microbalance à quartz dans l'étude de l'influence des ions sulfate, chlorure et magnésium sur la cinétique d'entartrage

Dans le présent travail, nous avons fait appel à la microbalance à quartz électrochimique pour étudier l'influence des ions chlorure, sulfate et magnésium sur la cinétique d'entartrage de l'or au contact d'eaux synthétiques. Les résultats chronoélectrogravimétriques permettent l'évaluation des étapes de germination et de croissance cristalline. Des analyses infrarouge des dépôts formés permettent de lier la nature des espèces identifiées aux paramètres cinétiques, en particulier en présence d'ions SO$_{4}^{2-}$ ou Mg2+. Des effets de seuil sont mis en évidence pour chaque type d'ion étudié. Ils sont essentiellement attribués à des phénomènes d'accumulation d'espèces sur le métal ou sur les produits superficiels, comme l'indique l'étude de l'effet du potentiel d'électrode et de la concentration des espèces en solution

Application of direct contact membrane distillation for saline dairy effluent treatment: Performance and fouling analysis

Membrane distillation is getting increasing attention thanks to its advantages in terms of energy consumption and final permeate quality in addition to its resistance against highly corrosive media which forms an appealing solution for industrial wastewater treatment. Despite its advantages, one of the most challenging issues in direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) is membrane fouling and wetting. In the present research work, saline dairy effluent discharged from hard cheese industry was pretreated by macrofiltration (MAF) and ultrafiltration (UF) and processed by DCMD to investigate the extent of the aforementioned issues. Effluents pretreated by UF have led the best process performance with stable flux values at different operating conditions. Fouling has occurred in all the experiments, though their effect on the flux behavior and membrane wetting was different from one feed to the other. Changing the flow rate and the temperature difference have affected slightly the membrane wettability for all feed qualities. In all experiments, the permeate has maintained a good quality with low electrical conductivity that did not exceed 70 µS/cm and low total organic carbon < 2 mg/L