Professional Perspectives of Youth Justice Policy Implementation:Contextual and Coalface Challenges

© 2020 The Authors. The Howard Journal of Crime and Justice published by Howard League and John Wiley & Sons Ltd This article offers a multilayered analysis of the subjective perspectives and experiences of key youth justice stakeholders; exploring the inherent dynamism, contradiction, non-linearity, and contentiousness of youth justice policy implementation. We interrogate how professionals make sense and meaning of policy in the real world and how professional perspectives drive and shape their contributions to policy implementation nationally and locally. Contemporaneously, these analyses enable us to critically examine the caricatures, stereotypes, and assumptions that can (mis)inform common constructions, representations, and understandings of youth justice policy trajectories, including those relating to contextual stability, conceptual clarity, robust evidence bases, and purported foundations in stakeholder consensus

Managing the Socially Marginalized: Attitudes Towards Welfare, Punishment and Race

Welfare and incarceration policies have converged to form a system of governance over socially marginalized groups, particularly racial minorities. In both of these policy areas, rehabilitative and social support objectives have been replaced with a more punitive and restrictive system. The authors examine the convergence in individual-level attitudes concerning welfare and criminal punishment, using national survey data. The authors\u27 analysis indicates a statistically significant relationship between punitive attitudes toward welfare and punishment. Furthermore, accounting for the respondents\u27 racial attitudes explains the bivariate relationship between welfare and punishment. Thus, racial attitudes seemingly link support for punitive approaches to opposition to welfare expenditures. The authors discuss the implications of this study for welfare and crime control policies by way of the conclusion

Use of anabolic implants in calves to increase weaning weight and backgrounding gains

The main component of the beef industry in South Carolina is cow/calf operations. Recent advances in implant technology are being utilized to help these producers increase weights at time of sale to feedlots. The objective of this study was to determine how the use of anabolic implants in steer calves at 4 mo of age and at weaning altered weight gain at two different farm locations in South Carolina. Steers ( year 1; n= 161, year 2 n=116) from Edisto REC and Simpson REC were randomly allotted into two treatment groups: 1) no implant or 2) implant at 4 mo of age plus implant at weaning. Weights were obtained at implanting, weaning, and the end of backgrounding. Real-time ultrasound measurements of the ribeye area and fat thickness were collected at the end of the backgrounding period. Data were analyzed with the treatment, location, year, and the interaction in the model. Implanting the steers increased (P\u3c0.001) average daily gains from implanting to weaning, weaning to the end of the backgrounding, and overall by 0.36, 0.15, 0.25 lb/hd/d respectively. Implanting also increased ribeye area by 0.34 in2. Weight and gains of the steers differed by location and year but there were no interactions between location, year, and implant treatment. The use of anabolic implants in steer calves at 4 mo of age and then again at weaning helped to increase weight gain, other desirable carcass traits and produced heavier steers for marketing

Use of anabolic implants in calves to increase weaning weight and backgrounding gains

The main component of the beef industry in South Carolina is cow/calf operations. Recent advances in implant technology are being utilized to help these producers increase weights at time of sale to feedlots. The objective of this study was to determine how the use of anabolic implants in steer calves at 4 mo of age and at weaning altered weight gain at two different farm locations in South Carolina. Steers ( year 1; n= 161, year 2 n=116) from Edisto REC and Simpson REC were randomly allotted into two treatment groups: 1) no implant or 2) implant at 4 mo of age plus implant at weaning. Weights were obtained at implanting, weaning, and the end of backgrounding. Real-time ultrasound measurements of the ribeye area and fat thickness were collected at the end of the backgrounding period. Data were analyzed with the treatment, location, year, and the interaction in the model. Implanting the steers increased (P\u3c0.001) average daily gains from implanting to weaning, weaning to the end of the backgrounding, and overall by 0.36, 0.15, 0.25 lb/hd/d respectively. Implanting also increased ribeye area by 0.34 in2. Weight and gains of the steers differed by location and year but there were no interactions between location, year, and implant treatment. The use of anabolic implants in steer calves at 4 mo of age and then again at weaning helped to increase weight gain, other desirable carcass traits and produced heavier steers for marketing

Experiences of youth justice: youth justice discourses and their multiple effects

Interventions within youth justice systems draw on a range of rationales and philosophies. Traditionally demarcated by a welfare/justice binary, the complex array of contemporary rationales meld different philosophies and practices, suggesting a mutability that gives this sphere a continued (re)productive and felt effect. While it may be increasingly difficult to ascertain which of these discourses is dominant in different jurisdictions in the UK, particular models of justice are perceived to be more prominent (Muncie, 2006). Traditionally it is assumed that Northern Ireland prioritises restoration, Wales prioritises rights, England priorities risk and Scotland welfare (McVie, 2011; Muncie, 2008, 2011). However, how these discourses are enacted in practice, how multiple and competing rationales circulate within them and most fundamentally how they are experienced by young people is less clear. This paper, based on research with young people who have experienced the full range of interventions in the youth justice system in Northern Ireland examines their narratives of ‘justice’. It considers how different discourses might influence the same intervention and how the deployment of multiple rationalities gives the experience of ‘justice’ its effect

Pregnancy and childbirth in English prisons : institutional ignominy and the pains of imprisonment

© 2020 The Authors. Sociology of Health & Illness published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Foundation for SHIL.With a prison population of approximately 9000 women in England, it is estimated that approximately 600 pregnancies and 100 births occur annually. Despite an extensive literature on the sociology of reproduction, pregnancy and childbirth among women prisoners is under‐researched. This article reports an ethnographic study in three English prisons undertaken in 2015‐2016, including interviews with 22 prisoners, six women released from prison and 10 staff members. Pregnant prisoners experience numerous additional difficulties in prison including the ambiguous status of a pregnant prisoner, physical aspects of pregnancy and the degradation of the handcuffed or chained prisoner during visits to the more public setting of hospital. This article draws on Erving Goffman's concepts of closed institutions, dramaturgy and mortification of self, Crewe et al.'s work on the gendered pains of imprisonment and Crawley's notion of ‘institutional thoughtlessness’, and proposes a new concept of institutional ignominy to understand the embodied situation of the pregnant prisoner.Peer reviewe

Enhancing Remote Sensing Based Yield Forecasting: Application to Winter Wheat in United States

Accurate and timely crop yield forecasts are critical for making informed agricultural policies and investments, as well as increasing market efficiency and stability. In Becker-Reshef et al. (2010) and Franch et al. (2015) we developed an empirical generalized model for forecasting winter wheat yield. In this study we present a new model based on the extrapolation of the pure wheat signal (100 percent of wheat within the pixel) from MODIS (Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data at 1-kilometer resolution and using the Difference Vegetation Index (DVI). The model has been applied to monitor the national and state level yield of winter wheat in the United States from 2001 to 2016

The capabilities approach and critical social policy: lessons from the majority world?

The capabilities approach (CA) most closely associated with the thinner and thicker versions of Sen and Nussbaum has the potential to provide a paradigm shift for critical social policy, encompassing but also transcending some of the limitations associated with the Marshallian social citizenship approach. The article argues, however, that it cannot simply be imported from the majority world, rather there is a need to bear in mind the critical literature that developed around it. This is generally discussed and then critically applied to case studies of CA in the developed capitalist world, particularly the Equalities Review conducted for the Equality and Human Rights Commission