Cardiotrophin-1 defends the liver against ischemia-reperfusion injury and mediates the protective effect of ischemic preconditioning

Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) liver injury occurs when blood flow is restored after prolonged ischemia. A short interruption of blood flow (ischemic preconditioning [IP]) induces tolerance to subsequent prolonged ischemia through ill-defined mechanisms. Cardiotrophin (CT)-1, a cytokine of the interleukin-6 family, exerts hepatoprotective effects and activates key survival pathways like JAK/STAT3. Here we show that administration of CT-1 to rats or mice protects against I/R liver injury and that CT-1-deficient mice are exceedingly sensitive to this type of damage. IP markedly reduced transaminase levels and abrogated caspase-3 and c-Jun-NH2-terminal kinase activation after I/R in normal mice but not in CT-1-null mice. Moreover, the protective effect afforded by IP was reduced by previous administration of neutralizing anti-CT-1 antibody. Prominent STAT3 phosphorylation in liver tissue was observed after IP plus I/R in normal mice but not in CT-1-null mice. Oxidative stress, a process involved in IP-induced hepatoprotection, was found to stimulate CT-1 release from isolated hepatocytes. Interestingly, brief ischemia followed by short reperfusion caused mild serum transaminase elevation and strong STAT3 activation in normal and IL-6-deficient mice, but failed to activate STAT3 and provoked marked hypertransaminasemia in CT-1-null animals. In conclusion, CT-1 is an essential endogenous defense of the liver against I/R and is a key mediator of the protective effect induced by IP

Decreased cardiotrophin-1 levels are associated with a lower risk of developing the metabolic syndrome in overweight/obese children after a weight loss program

Objective: Cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) shares some similarities with other cytokines, and participates in the control of energy metabolism. Higher circulating levels are observed in obese humans, but little information is gathered in weight loss (WL) programs. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association of serum CT-1 levels with metabolic variables and the risk of developing metabolic syndrome (MetS) after a WL program in overweight/obese children. Subjects and Methods: Forty-four overweight/obese children (mean age 11.5 yr; 50% males) undergoing a 10-week WL program were enrolled. Subjects were dichotomized at the median of Body Mass Index-Standard Deviation Score (BMI-SDS) change, as high and low responders after intervention. Results: CT-1 levels were significantly reduced (-48 fmol/mL, p=0.043) in the high responder group after the WL program. They had significantly lower body weight (-3.7 kg, p<0.001), body fat mass (-8%, p<0.001), BMI-SDS (-0.78, p<0.001) and waist circumference (-5.4 cm, p<0.001), and a significant improvement in lipid and glucose profiles (p<0.05). Interestingly, decreased CT-1 levels significantly predicted changes in total cholesterol (41%) and LDL-cholesterol (28%). Moreover, in our participants the lower the CT-1 levels, the higher the reduction in MetS risk components, after the 10- week intervention, (p-ANCOVA=0.040, p-trend=0.024). Conclusion: We showed, for the first time, a reduction in serum CT-1 levels after a WL program and this decrease in CT-1 was strongly associated with a reduction in cholesterol levels and in MetS risk factors in overweight/obese children. Our findings may suggest that CT-1 could be an indirect marker for the diagnosis of MetS in this population

Old lineage on an old island : Pixibinthus, a new cricket genus endemic to New Caledonia shed light on gryllid diversification in a hotspot of biodiversity

Few studies have focused on the early colonization of New Caledonia by insects, after the re-emergence of the main island, 37 Myr ago. Here we investigate the mode and tempo of evolution of a new endemic cricket genus, Pixibinthus, recently discovered in southern New Caledonia. First we formally describe this new monotypic genus found exclusively in the open shrubby vegetation on metalliferous soils, named 'maquis minier', unique to New Caledonia. We then reconstruct a dated molecular phylogeny based on five mitochondrial and four nuclear loci in order to establish relationships of Pixibinthus within Eneopterinae crickets. Pixibinthus is recovered as thesister clade of the endemic genus Agnotecous, mostly rainforest-dwellers. Dating results show that the island colonization by their common ancestor occurred around 34.7 Myr, shortly after New Caledonia re-emergence. Pixibinthus and Agnotecous are then one of the oldest insect lineages documented so far for New Caledonia. This discovery highlights for the first time two clear-cut ecological specializations between sister clades, as Agnotecous is mainly found in rainforests with 19 species, whereas Pixibinthus is found in open habitats with a single documented species. The preference of Pixibinthus for open habitats and of Agnotecous for forest habitats nicely fits an acoustic specialization, either explained by differences in body size or in acoustic properties of their respective habitats. We hypothesize that landscape dynamics, linked to major past climatic events and recent change in fire regimes are possible causes for both present-day low diversity and rarity in genus Pixibinthus. The unique evolutionary history of this old New Caledonian lineage stresses the importance to increase our knowledge on the faunal biodiversity of 'maquis minier', in order to better understand the origin and past dynamics of New Caledonian biota

De la escuela a la calle : la socialización de los jóvenes desescolarizados

Conocer las dimensiones reales del abandono escolar durante la EGB y de la no continuación de estudios después de la EGB. Estudiar la situación familiar, escolar y 'callejera' de estos jóvenes. Programas de Educación Compensatoria. Constituyen la muestra 317 alumnos que no continuaron estudios después de EGB en la ciudad de Zaragoza. Tipo: 60 al azar. 40 de los centros de Educación Compensataria (dado el caracter clínico del estudio). Listado de todos los alumnos que en el 84-85 cursaban octavo de EGB en la ciudad o abandonaron estudios sin llegar a octavo. Listado de todos los alumnos que en el 85 cursaban primero de Enseñanzas Medias o repetían octavo. Obtenido el listado de quienes no siguieron estudios o los interrumpieron y seleccionada la muestra se les encuestó o entrevistó. Variables independientes: la familia: estudios padres, relaciones entre ellos y con los hijos, vivienda. Escuela: su historial académico. Relaciones con los profesores y compañeros. Calle: grupo de amigos. Relación con ellos y con los adultos. Actividades, etc.. Encuesta a todos los centros de EGB y EEMM para poder detectar a los alumnos que no siguieron estudios. Entrevista a los alumnos seleccionados en la muestra para conocer como influían características familiares o escolares sobre el abandono y que comportamientos sociales tenían los mismos. Por medio del ordenador se obtuvo un listado alfabético de todos los alumnos, año académico, curso que realizaban y colegio, lo cual facilitaba el descubrimiento de los casos de abandono. Se ha obtenido de cada variable su frecuencia y se han realizado cruces entre ellas. Muy deficiente formación académica de los padres de estos alumnos pertenecientes en la mayoría de los casos a familias numerosas. Frecuentes conflictos familiares no compensados en la escuela. Pésimo historial académico y poca ayuda por parte del profesor y de los compañeros, aspectos estos últimos (y no las notas) que tienden a repercutir sobre un comportamiento social en algunos casos agresivo. Los alumnos procedentes de ambientes con carencias afectivas o culturales no encuentran en los centros escolares la compensación de esas carencias. La Educación Compensatoria sólo compaginándose con la Educación General Básica conseguirá solucionar las carencias en el tiempo correspondiente.AragónES

Crickets of New Caledonia (Insecta, Orthoptera, Grylloidea) : a key to genera, with diagnoses of extant genera and descriptions of new taxa &#91;plus erratum : Zoosystema, 2017, 39, 1, p. 137-138&#93;

Crickets (Insecta, Orthoptera, Gryllidea) are amongst the most abundant and diverse insects in New Caledonia: 40 genera are recorded today from the Archipelago and 180 cricket species have been reported; 19 genera and more than 90% of the species are endemic. Owing to this diversity, crickets prove an interesting model to test evolutionary hypotheses about New Caledonia and its fauna. They also reveal useful ecological indicators to survey and manage New Caledonian biodiversity. Both research and conservation developments need however that crickets are properly identified. In the present paper, an illustrated key to the identification of New Caledonian cricket genera is proposed, based on specimen examination; an emended diagnosis is given for each genus, using general morphology, coloration and the main traits of male genitalia, together with available data on habitat and biology. The genus Paora Gorochov, 1986 n. stat. is restored from its synonymy with Apteronemobius Chopard, 1929, Trigonidomorpha Chopard, 1925 n. stat. is restored as a valid genus, not a subgenus of Trigonidium Rambur, 1839, and one new genus and five new species are described: Archenopterus adamantus Desutter-Grandcolas, n. sp. (Gryllidae, Podoscirtinae), Caledonina Desutter-Grandcolas, n. gen., with Caledonina chopardi Desutter-Grandcolas, n. gen., n. sp. as the type species, Koghiella minima Desutter-Grandcolas, n. sp. and Orintia cornuta Desutter-Grandcolas, n. sp. (Trigonidiidae, Nemobiinae), and Lepidogryllus darthvaderi Desutter-Grandcolas & Anso, n. sp. (Gryllidae, Gryllinae)

Zebragryllus intermedius Desutter-Grandcolas, n. sp.

&lt;i&gt;Zebragryllus intermedius&lt;/i&gt; Desutter-Grandcolas, n. sp. &lt;p&gt;(Figs 2 K, 3G, 4I, J, 5D, 7E&ndash;I, 8D)&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera.speciesfile.org:TaxonName:464247&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Type locality.&lt;/b&gt; Peru, Loreto, Iquitos.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Type material. Holotype:&lt;/b&gt; Peru, Loreto, Iquitos, Route de Nauta, km 9, 1 male, 29.viii.1985, jour, L. Desutter (MNHN-EO-ENSIF3187). &lt;b&gt;Allotype:&lt;/b&gt; same data as the holotype, 1 female, jour (MNHN-EO-ENSIF3188). &lt;b&gt;Paratypes. 2 males, 2 females:&lt;/b&gt; Same data as the holotype, 1 male, 1 female (MNHN-EO-ENSIF3189, 3190); same locality as the holotype, 1 female, 30.viii.1985, jour, L. Desutter (MNHN-EO-ENSIF3191). Peru, Route de Nauta, km 5, 1 male, 30.viii.1985, jour, L. Desutter (MNHN-EO-ENSIF3281).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Additional specimens examined.&lt;/b&gt; Same data as the holotype, 1 juvenile female, 27.viii.1985, jour, L. Desutter. MNHN.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Distribution.&lt;/b&gt; Western Amazonia, Peru (dept. Loreto).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Etymology.&lt;/b&gt; Species named after its pattern of coloration, intermediate between dark species and &rdquo;zebra&rdquo; species.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Diagnosis.&lt;/b&gt; Species very close to &lt;i&gt;Z. fuscus&lt;/i&gt; Desutter-Grandcolas, &lt;b&gt;n. sp.&lt;/b&gt;, from which it can be separated by its bigger size and its white pattern of FIII outer side (Fig. 3 G). It can be separated from other &rdquo;zebra&rdquo; species by the lack of transverse white band on FIII, and white tergite in females (Fig. 5 D). Male genitalia only slightly different from &lt;i&gt;Z. fuscus&lt;/i&gt; Desutter-Grandcolas, &lt;b&gt;n. sp.&lt;/b&gt; Female copulatory papilla short, its distal margin distinctly concave and distal angles acute (Fig. 7 E, F).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Description.&lt;/b&gt; In addition to the characters of the genus. Base of antennae (30&ndash;36 antennomeres, mean 33 in males and females) and the scape dark brown, before a short white white ring (14&ndash;16 antennomeres). Basitarsomeres III with 4&ndash;5 inner, and 5&ndash;7 in males (mean 6.2) and 5&ndash;6 in females (mean 5.8) outer dorsal spines, in addition to apical ones. Head and body coloration shining black; maxillary palpi black brown; cerci black, somewhat lighter at base, but without a distinct clear basal ring; FI and FII black, with sometimes an indistinct lighter area on outer side; TI and TII somewhat reddish; FIII with a whitish band along outer margin, and an oblique one near outer basis; TIII dark reddish brown, with lighter spurs.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Male:&lt;/b&gt; FW not covering the tip of subgenital plate; mirror as in &lt;i&gt;Z. fuscus&lt;/i&gt; Desutter-Grandcolas &lt;b&gt;n. sp.&lt;/b&gt;; stridulatory file with about 106 teeth (n=1). Subgenital plate as on Fig. 2 K.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Male genitalia:&lt;/b&gt; Very close to that of &lt;i&gt;Z. fuscus&lt;/i&gt; Desutter-Grandcolas, &lt;b&gt;n. sp.&lt;/b&gt; (compare Fig. 4 G, H and 3I, J), but distal margin of pseudepiphallic parameres more straight, and median lophi slightly longer and less curved dorsally.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Female:&lt;/b&gt; Apterous. Abdomen shining black without white pattern (Fig. 5 D). Subgenital plate wider than long, deeply concave distally; with acute and protruding lateral angles (Fig. 7 E, F).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Female genitalia.&lt;/b&gt; Copulatory papilla short, subquadrangular, and somewhat thick; apex slightly concave (Fig. 7 G&ndash;I).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Measurements (in mm).&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Calling song.&lt;/b&gt; One male has been recorded in the field at 27&deg;C (MNHN-EO-ENSIF3187). The calling song (Fig. 8 D) is comprised of series of short echemes. Echeme duration is 0.05 ms, echeme period is 0.12&plusmn;0.01 ms and duty cycle is 41%. Each echeme is composed of 3 syllables each with the duration of 0.01 ms, period 0.02 and the duty cycle is 50%; the dominant frequency of the calling song is 6.1 kHz.&lt;/p&gt;Published as part of &lt;i&gt;Desutter-Grandcolas, Laure, Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Jaiswara, Ranjana &amp; Anso, Jeremy, 2014, Zebragryllus Desutter-Grandcolas &amp; Cadena-Casteñada, n. gen. a new Gryllinae genus from Eastern and Western Amazonia, South America (Orthoptera, Grylloidea, Gryllidae), pp. 1-22 in Zootaxa 3768 (1)&lt;/i&gt; on pages 19-20, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3768.1.1, &lt;a href="http://zenodo.org/record/285592"&gt;http://zenodo.org/record/285592&lt;/a&gt

Zebragryllus nouragui Desutter-Grandcolas, n. sp.

Zebragryllus nouragui Desutter-Grandcolas, n. sp. (Figs 2 C, H, I, 3 E, 4 E, F, 5 C, 6 K–D’, 8 C, Table 1) http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera.speciesfile.org:TaxonName: 464249 Type locality. French Guiana, Arataye, 8 km NE pied du saut Parare, Réserve des Nouragues. Type material. Holotype: French Guiana, Arataye, 8 km NE pied du saut Parare, 1 male, pinotière, 4.vi. 1988, jour, L. Desutter & P. Grandcolas (MNHN-EO-ENSIF 3176). Allotype: Same data as holotype, 1 female (MNHN-EO-ENSIF 3177). Paratypes, 5 males, 1 female: Same locality as the holotype; 1 male, pinotière, 4.vi. 1988, jour, L. Desutter & P. Grandcolas (MNHN-EO-ENSIF 3182); 1 male, 4.iv. 1988, jour, L. Desutter (MNHN-EO-ENSIF 3181); 13.vi.1988, 1 female, piège détergent, nuit, L. Desutter & P. Grandcolas (MNHN-EO-ENSIF 3178); 15.vi.1988, 1 male, piège détergent, jour, L. Desutter & P. Grandcolas (MNHN-EO-ENSIF 3179); 19.vi.1988, 1 male, nuit, L. Desutter & P. Grandcolas (MNHN-EO- ENSIF 3180); 15.vii.2011, 1 male, jour, parcelle P 8, fn 16, L. Desutter-Grandcolas & J. Anso (MNHN-EO- ENSIF 3183). Additional material examined. Same locality as the holotype, 6.vii.2011, 1 male, jour, Parcelle 6, fn 5, recorded (L. Desutter-Grandcolas and J. Anso, MNHN-EO-ENSIF 3184). French Guiana, Arataye, affluent Approuagues, aval du saut Parare, 1 male, 3.vii. 1988, nuit; 1 male, 8.vii. 1988, nuit; 1 male, 1 female, 9.vii. 1988, jour; 2 males, 14.vii. 1988, jour; 1 male, 20.vii. 1988, nuit, L. Desutter & P. Grandcolas, MNHN. French Guiana, Sentier Limonade, forêt sur pente, 1 female, 15.viii. 1988, nuit; forêt inondable, remblais d’orpaillage, 1 female, 16.viii. 19888, jour, L. Desutter & P. Grandcolas, MNHN. French Guiana, île de Cayenne, Montagne de Mahury, 1 female, 20.vii. 1991, forêt, litière, nuit, P. Grandcolas. MNHN. Distribution. Eastern Amazonia, French Guiana. Etymology. Species named after its type locality in French Guiana. Diagnosis. Large, black and white species, with antennae black brown basally. Maxillary palpi dark brown, except for white joint 4. Male. FWs covering almost the whole abdomen; mirror much wider than long, including few distal cells (Fig. 2 C); stridulatory file with 96 teeth (n= 1). Male genitalia. Median lophi short and thick, rounded dorsally (Fig. 4 E); dorsal and ventral angles acute, distal margin concave (Fig. 4 F); lateral lophi quite long, abruptly narrowed before apex; pseudepiphallic parameres club-shaped, longer than lateral and median lophi (Fig. 4 F). Female. FWs present. Body dark brown; mesonotum and tergite 3 white (Fig. 5 C), the former often hidden by the FWs. Subgenital plate distal angles acute (Fig. 6 K, L). Female genitalia. Copulatory papilla having the shape of a small, sclerotized ring (Fig. 6 S–U). Description. In addition to the characters of the genus: Head dark brown. Large “zebra” species, with dark antenna base. TIII with 4–5 (mean 4.3 in females, 4.4 in males) inner, and 5 outer subapical spurs, the 5 th inner most often much smaller when present. Basitarsomeres III with 3–4 (females, mean 3.3) and 3–5 (males, mean 4) inner, and 5 (females) and 4–6 (males, mean 5) outer dorsal spines in addition to apical spines. Coloration. Head and pronotum black brown. Antennae brown, with a short white ring far from basis (17–18 white antennomeres in females (mean 17.5) and 9–17 in males (mean 14.3), after 23–30 in females (mean 27) and 29–34 in males (mean 31.8) dark brown antennomeres; scapes yellowish brown and dark brown. Maxillary palpi dark brown, joint 4 and sometimes tip of joint 5 white. TI, TII dark brown. FI, FII dark brown with a large white patch on inner and outer sides. TIII and basitarsomeres III dark brown with lighter spurs. FIII dark brown (Fig. 3 E), lower margin white, this longitudinal band wide on both inner and outer sides, interrupted before TIII apical fourth, and connected to the white transverse band at about three fourth of FIII length, and to the white oblique band close to FIII base. Cerci black brown, lighter at base. Male. FWs covering almost the whole abdomen, only the tip of subgenital plate visible dorsally; harp crossed by two transverse, almost parallel veins; mirror clearly delimited and separated from apical field (Fig. 2 C). Subgenital plate short and truncate (Fig. 2 H). Male genitalia. Pseudepiphallic sclerite very transverse, the distance between the base of median lophi and the anterior margin of the sclerite very short (Fig. 4 E). Median lophi (Fig. 4 E, F) short and quite thick in dorsal view, their inner margins rounded; in lateral view, median lophi with dorsal and aventral angles acute, the dorsal angle curved, not straight, and thin, not thumb like. Lateral lophi abruptly thinner well before apex (Fig. 4 F). Pseudepiphallic parameres longer than median and lateral lophi in lateral view. Pseudepiphallic apodemes not as short as in other species of the genus. Ectophallic apodemes long and partly fused dorsally; apodeme on top of dorsal cavity short between ectophallic apodemes. Female. FWs present, covering about half metanotum, partly overlapping; dorsal and lateral fields with several parallel, longitudinal veins; transverse veins sparse. Body dark brown; mesonotum and tergite 3 with a wide, uninterrupted white band (Fig. 5 C), the former often hidden by FWs. Ovipositor quite long for the genus. Subgenital plate transverse; distal margin truncate and deeply emaginate; distal angles acute (Fig. 6 K, L). Female genitalia. Copulatory papilla resembling that of Z. nauta Desutter-Grandcolas, n. sp. from Peru, having the shape of a small, wide ring (Fig. 6 S–U). Measurements (in mm). Calling song. Seven calling songs of Z. nouragui Desutter-Grandcolas, n. sp. have been recorded in the field (MNHN-EO-ENSIF3183, 3184). Members of this species produce long echemes (Fig. 8 C), i.e. composed of 114– 200 syllables. Towards the end of each echeme there is a distinct increase in the amplitude of syllables making each echeme appear like a trumpet. Measured calling song features are listed in Table 1. No. of records Time Temp. (°C) Syllable duration (ms) Syllable period (ms) Syllable duty cycle (%) Z. nouragui _003 11 h00 24.8 0.01 0.02 50 Z. nouragui _006 09h 10 23.7 0.01 ± 0.001 0.05±0.66 14 Z. nouragui _009 16 h 45 27.3 0.01 ± 0.001 0.02 50 Z. nouragui _014 11 h 20 25.1 0.01 ± 0.001 0.02 ± 0.003 50 Z. nouragui _024 10 h 55 24.3 0.01 ± 0.004 0.03 ± 0.02 44 Z. nouragui _025 11 h 20 24.8 0.01 ± 0.001 0.02±0.03 48 Z. nouragui _027 08h00 23.3 0.01 ± 0.002 0.02 ± 0.02 47 continued. No. of records No. of syllables/ Echeme duration Echeme period Echeme duty Dominant frequency echeme (ms) (ms) cycle (kHZ) Z. nouragui _003 138 ± 26 2.99 ± 0.6 3.71 ± 0.9 80 4.8 ± 0.1 Z. nouragui _006 164 ± 41 6.48 ± 0.8 16.2 ± 0.8 23 4.7 ± 0.1 Z. nouragui _009 167 ± 9 3.32 ± 0.2 3.66 ± 0.2 91 5 ± 0.1 Z. nouragui _014 230 ± 46 5.72 ± 0.88 5.92 ± 0.77 97 5.1 ± 0.2 Z. nouragui _024 200 ± 40 6.43 ± 0.9 7.64 ± 4.9 84 4.8 ± 0.3 Z. nouragui _025 144 ± 24 3.2 ± 0.6 3.65 ± 0.7 85 5 ± 0.2 Z. nouragui _027 114 ± 14 2.62 ± 0.3 2.81 ± 1 93 4.7 ± 0.4 Variation. In one very small male from the type locality, the ectophallic fold is largely visible between the median lophi of pseudepiphallus. The shape of the other parts of the genitalia are otherwise similar to that of the other males. The specimens originating from Saut Parare are very similar to the specimens from the Nourague by their male genitalia, size and ovipositor length; coloration is also very similar, but with smaller white spots on FI, II. The female copulatory papilla and subgenital plate are however slightly different: the subgenital plate of Saut Parare female has acute lateral angles (Fig. 6 M, N), and the copulatory papilla is shorter and higher (Fig. 6 V–X). The identification of these specimens as Z. nouragui Desutter-Grandcolas, n. sp. will have to be checked, especially with the recording of the male calling song. In the same way, one male from Arataye shows a slightly different subgenital plate (Fig. 2 I), higher and with a more rounded dorsal margin than the Nouragues males (Fig. 2 H). Finally, the females from Saül on one hand, and Montagne Mahury on the other are very similar to the females of Z. nouragui Desutter-Grandcolas, n. sp., but present some differences in the shape of copulatory papilla (see Fig. 6 Y–D’) and subgenital plate (Fig. 6 O–R), in addition to a longer white antennal ring (more than 20 white antennomeres).Published as part of Desutter-Grandcolas, Laure, Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Jaiswara, Ranjana & Anso, Jeremy, 2014, Zebragryllus Desutter-Grandcolas & Cadena-Casteñada, n. gen. a new Gryllinae genus from Eastern and Western Amazonia, South America (Orthoptera, Grylloidea, Gryllidae), pp. 1-22 in Zootaxa 3768 (1) on pages 11-13, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3768.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/28559

Zebragryllus fuscus Desutter-Grandcolas, n. sp.

Zebragryllus fuscus Desutter-Grandcolas, n. sp. (Figs 2 D, J, 3 F, 4 G, H, 7 A–D). http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera.speciesfile.org:TaxonName: 464245 Type locality. Peru, Ampiyacu, Brillo Nuevo. Type material. Holotype: Peru, Région de l’Ampiyacu, en aval du confluent des rios Zumun et Yahuasyacu, Brillo Nuevo, 1 male, 28.x. 1985, parcelle K 13 ans (10 ans après abandon, chasse jour, L. Desutter, MNHN-EO- ENSIF 3185. Paratype: 1 male. Same data as the holotype, 1 male, 26.x. 1985, MNHN-EO-ENSIF 3186. Diagnosis. Wholly dark species, with a faint lighter band (never whitish and contrasted) along the outer, lower margin of hindfemora (Fig. 3 F). Male: FW mirror wider than long, distinct although divided into several distal cells (Fig. 2 D); stridulatory file with about 112 teeth (n= 1). Male genitalia: Pseudepiphallic sclerite more elongate and narrow than in “zebra” species (Fig. 4 G), its anterior margin deeply concave, the median lophi short and the lateral lophi dejected laterally (Fig. 4 H); pseudepiphallic parameres going beyond lateral lophi; ectophallic fold short, not reaching the paramere distal margin; ectophallic apodemes not very long; endophallic apodeme almost vertical between ectophallic apodemes. Distribution. Western Amazonia, Peru (dept. Loreto). Etymology. Species named after its dark pattern of coloration. Description. In addition to the characters of the genus. Scapes and base of antennae (30–33 antennomeres) light brown, before a short white ring (9–10 antennomeres). Basitarsomeres III with 4–5 inner (mean 5) and 6–7 outer (mean 6) dorsal spines, in addition to apical ones. Coloration wholly dark brown to black, the pronotum the darkest; legs a little lighter, with a lighter, reddish brown, band along FIII outer margin (Fig. 3 F); head dark reddish brown (HT) or black (PT), with a lighter area above epistemal suture; maxillary palpi wholly brown. Male. FWs covering subgenital plate tip. Mirror distinct, subdivided into several cells (Fig. 2 D). Subgenital plate shorter and higher than in other species of the genus (Fig. 2 J). Male genitalia. Pseudepiphallic sclerite wider than long; distance between the inner base of median lophi and their connection to lateral lophi more than twice their own length (Fig. 4 G); median lophi about as long as lateral lophi; in lateral view, median lophi with a thumb-like upper process, and a squared lower process (Fig. 4 H); lateral lophi acute, much shorter than the pseudepiphallic parameres (Fig. 4 H); ectophallic fold regularly narrowed toward apex. Female. Unknown. Measurements (in mm). Remark. Males taken in the same area as the holotype but in an older cultivated plot (23 years old after being abandoned) or in mature forest (Monte alta) show distinct genitalia, with shorter median lophi, and a more contrasted pattern of coloration, which could justify describing them as a distinct species. Females from the same plots have a short subgenital plate with acute distal angles (Fig. 7 A, B) and a very distinct copulatory papilla, subrectangular with concave distal margin (Fig. 7 C, D). Specimens examined. Same data as the holotype, but: parcelle I, 23 ans (20 ans après abandon), 1 male, 23.x. 1985, piège détergent, nuit; parcelle J, 53 ans (50 ans après abandon), 1 female, 23.x. 1985, jour, 1 female, 25.x. 1985, piège détergent nuit; 1 female, 12.xi. 1985, parcelle R, 18 ans (15 ans après abandon), piège détergent nuit; monte alta [parcelle] E, 1 male, 1 female, 10.x. 1985, jour, 1 female, 11.x. 1985, jour, L. Desutter. MNHN.Published as part of Desutter-Grandcolas, Laure, Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Jaiswara, Ranjana & Anso, Jeremy, 2014, Zebragryllus Desutter-Grandcolas & Cadena-Casteñada, n. gen. a new Gryllinae genus from Eastern and Western Amazonia, South America (Orthoptera, Grylloidea, Gryllidae), pp. 1-22 in Zootaxa 3768 (1) on pages 17-19, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3768.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/28559

Zebragryllus nauta Desutter-Grandcolas, n. sp.

Zebragryllus nauta Desutter-Grandcolas, n. sp. (Figs 2 E, L, 3 H, 4 K, L, 5 E, F, 7 J–N) http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera.speciesfile.org:TaxonName: 464248 Type locality. Peru, Loreto, Iquitos. Type material. Holotype: Peru, Loreto, Iquitos, route de Nauta km 9, 1 male, 24.viii. 1985, chasse de jour, L. Desutter (MNHN-EO-ENSIF 3280). Allotype: Same locality and collector as the holotype, 1 female, 29.viii. 1985, piège détergent (MNHN-EO-ENSIF 3279). Distribution. Western Amazonia, Peru, dept. Loreto. Etymology. Species named after its type locality. Noun in apposition. Diagnosis. Within the genus, very small species easily recognized by its coloration (head and pronotum shining dark brown, antennae brown, legs light yellowish brown without white marks, including FIII, Fig. 3 H; female pattern little contrasted). Male. FWs entirely covering the abdomen, going slightly beyond subgenital plate; coloration light yellowish brown, translucent, with yellowish or brown veins. Stridulatory file with 65 teeth (n= 1). Male genitalia. Pseudepiphallic sclerite long and triangular; lateral lophi dejected ventrally and not visible dorsally (Fig. 4 K, L). Female. FWs long, reaching tergite 2 mid length, slightly overlapping (Fig. 5 F); venation reticulate. Abdomen brown, tergite 3 yellowish (Fig. 5 E). Female genitalia. Copulatory papilla rounded, with a ventral subapical, transverse crest (Fig. 7 L–N). Description. In addition of the characters of the genus: General coloration shining brown; head dark brown, area above epistemal suture, a thin line around the eyes and the area below antennal pits yellow, antennae light brown (no white ring before 70 antennomeres, where antennae are cut in the specimens at hand); maxillary palpi: joints 3 and 4 light brown, joint 5 light brown basally, otherwise black brown with yellowish distal margin; pronotum dark brown; legs light yellowish brown; cerci brown, their bases lighter. Basitarsomeres III with 4–5 (male) and 3 (female) inner, and 5–6 in male and 4–5 in female outer dorsal spines, in addition to apical ones. Male. FWs entirely covering the abdomen, going slightly beyond subgenital plate; coloration light yellowish brown, translucent, with yellowish or brown veins. Mirror wider than long, subdivided into several cells (Fig. 2 E); stridulatory file with 65 teeth (n= 1). Subgenital plate as on Fig. 2 L. Male genitalia. Pseudepiphallic sclerite long and triangular (Fig. 4 K, L); median lophi regularly narrowed toward apex; lateral lophi very short and completely dejected ventrally (thus no more visible dorsally, Fig. 4 K); pseudepiphallic anterior margin deeply concave, but squared; pseudepiphallic parameres very short, in very anterior location; ectophallic apodemes long, making a kind of half cylinder around the endophallic sclerite; ectophallic fold narrow over its whole length, truncated apically. Female. FWs quite long for the genus, reaching tergite 2 mid length, slightly overlapping (Fig. 5 F); venation reticulate; FWs whitish brown, translucid, the lateral part of dorsal field lighter, veins brown. Abdomen brown, tergite 3 yellowish (Fig. 5 E). Subgenital plate wider than long; distal margin slightly concave (Fig. 7 J–K). Female genitalia. Copulatory papilla having the shape of a thick almost circular sclerite, with a transverse preapical carina on ventral side (Fig. 7 L–N); spermathecal duct widened basally. Measurements (in mm). Lpron wpron LFW wFW LFIII wFIII LTIII File Holotype 1.6 2.5 5.6 3.8 5.7 2,2 3.8 65 Lpron wpron LFW LFIII wFIII LTIII Lovip Allotype 1.6 2.3 1.2 6 2.2 3.8 3.7Published as part of Desutter-Grandcolas, Laure, Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Jaiswara, Ranjana & Anso, Jeremy, 2014, Zebragryllus Desutter-Grandcolas & Cadena-Casteñada, n. gen. a new Gryllinae genus from Eastern and Western Amazonia, South America (Orthoptera, Grylloidea, Gryllidae), pp. 1-22 in Zootaxa 3768 (1) on pages 20-21, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3768.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/28559

Robotic Cochlear Implantation: The future

Objective: To report the first case of robotic cochlear implantation within a clinical setting.Material and methods: A clinical workflow for use of a system for robotic cochlear implantation was developed. Based on preoperative images, a safe trajectory to the round window was planned and drilled by the robotic system. Intraoperatively the drill path was assessed using imaging and sensor-based data to confirm safety of the facial nerve. Electrode array insertion was manually performed. Drilling accuracy and electrode array placement were assessed using postoperative CT images.Results: Robotic drilling was conducted with an accuracy of 0.2 mm. The approach resulted in a minimal mastoidectomy and minimal incisions. Manual electrode array insertion was successfully performed through the robotically drilled tunnel. The procedure was performed without complications and all surrounding structures were preserved.Discussion: The first case of robotic cochlear implantation was demonstrated to be feasible and safe. Further cases are evaluated as part of the currently undergoing clinical trial.Conclusion: Robotic cochlear implantation is possible and might play an important role for minimal invasive cochlear implantation in the futur