Low-power 6-bit 1-GS/s two-channel pipeline ADC with open-loop amplification using amplifiers with local-feedback

IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, pp. 2258 – 2261, Seattle, EUAA low-power 1.2 V 6-bit 1-GS/s time-interleaved pipeline ADC designed in 130 nm CMOS is described. It is based on a new 2-channel 1.5-bit MDAC that performs openloop residue amplification using a shared amplifier employing local-feedback. Time mismatches between channels are highly attenuated, simply by using two passive front-end Sample-and-Hold circuits, with dedicated switch-linearization control circuits, driven by a single clock phase. Simulated results of the ADC achieve 5.35-bit ENOB, with 20 mW and without requiring any gain control/calibration scheme

Agronomic Evaluation of Forage Grasses under Mature Rubber Plantation

The agronomic performance of seven forage grasses, under a mature rubber plantation, was assessed in a cutting trial carried out at Porto Velho, Rondônia. During the rainy season, the higher dry matter yields were obtained with B. brizantha, P. atratum BRA-9610 and B. humidicola. During the dry season, the grasses more productive were B. brizantha and P. atratum BRA-9610. In both seasons, magnesium and potassium contents did not vary among grasses. During the rainy season, the higher nitrogen and phosphorus contents were obtained with P. regnelli BRA-0159 and, P. guenoarum BRA-3824 and B. humidicola, respectively, while P. atratum BRA-9610 and B. humidicola provided higher contents of calcium. During the dry season, P. regnelli BRA-0159 showed the highest nitrogen content, while B. humidicola and B. brizantha gave the highest phosphorus and calcium contents. In order to obtain greater forage yields with better quality, the grasses more promising for pasture establishment in a silvipastoral systems were B. brizantha, B. humidicola and P. atratum BRA-9610

Air-sea fluxes of methanol, acetone, acetaldehyde, isoprene and DMS from a Norwegian fjord following a phytoplankton bloom in a mesocosm experiment

The ocean's influence on volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the atmosphere is poorly understood. This work characterises the oceanic emission and/or uptake of methanol, acetone, acetaldehyde, isoprene and dimethyl sulphide (DMS) as a function of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and a suite of biological parameters. The measurements were taken following a phytoplankton bloom, in May/June 2005 with a proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer (PTR-MS), from mesocosm enclosures anchored in the Raunefjord, Southern Norway. The net flux of methanol was always into the ocean, and was stronger at night. Isoprene and acetaldehyde were emitted from the ocean, correlating with light (ravcorr, isoprene=0.49; ravcorr, acetaldehyde=0.70) and phytoplankton abundance. DMS was also emitted to the air but did not correlate significantly with light (ravcorr, dms=0.01). Under conditions of high biological activity and a PAR of ~450 μmol photons m‑2 s‑1, acetone was emitted from the ocean, otherwise it was uptaken. The inter-VOC correlations were highest between the day time emission fluxes of acetone and acetaldehyde (rav=0.96), acetaldehyde and isoprene (rav=0.88) and acetone and isoprene (rav=0.85). The mean fluxes for methanol, acetone, acetaldehyde, isoprene and DMS were ‑0.26 ng m‑2 s‑1, 0.21 ng m‑2 s‑1, 0.23 ng m‑2 s‑1, 0.12 ng m‑2 s‑1 and 0.3 ng m‑2 s‑1, respectively. This work shows that compound specific PAR and biological dependency should be used for estimating the influence of the global ocean on atmospheric VOC budgets

Sistemas de Integração lavoura-pecuária-floresta (iLPF)- Experiências no BRASIL.

Resumo: Os sistemas de integração lavoura-pecuária-floresta são sustentáveis e a escolha do sistema adequado à determinada localidade depende das condições edafo-climáticas e da existência de infraestrutura para suprimento de insumos, armazenagem e escoamento da produção. A produtividade e a rentabilidade são três vezes maiores para a pecuária de corte e de 10 a 30% para as lavouras de grãos em relação aos sistemas tradicionais de produção. Por outro lado, observa-se nos sistemas mais complexos (com uso de componente arbóreo) o aumento do bem-estar animal e a mitigação de gases de efeito estufa. [Systems integration crop-livestock-forest (ICLF) - Experiences in Brazil]. Abstract: The integrated crop-livestock-forest systems are sustainable and the choice of the appropriate system to a given locality depends on the soil and climatic conditions and the availability of infrastructure for input supply, storage and transportation of production. Productivity and profitability are three times higher for beef cattle and 10-30% for grain crops relative to traditional production systems. On the other hand it is observed in more complex systems (using the tree component) animal welfare increase and mitigation of greenhouse gases

Low-voltage low-power CMOS analogue circuits for Gaussian and uniform noise generation

IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, MAY 25-28, 2003, Bangkok, Thailand. (ISI Web of Science)A CMOS analogue circuit for Gaussian noise generution as well as a novel circuitfor transforming Gaussian noise into uniform noise, hoth.designed/or operating with a supply voltoge o/ I . S K arepresented. Both circuits are optimizedfor U 0 . 3 5st~an - dord CMOS technology using an equation-based design methodology based on generic algorithms. Electrical simulations demonstrate that high noise amplinrdes together with reasonable hondwidths can be achieved with relatively low power dissipation. Potential applications include self-calihrution and on-chip self-testing of video-rate analogue-to-digital converter