587 research outputs found
METABOLISM STUDIES WITH ALGIN AND GELATIN
Algin, a salt of alginic acid extracted from kelp, and gelatin, produced from animal bones and skins, are used as stabilizing agents in the manufacture of ice cream and in certain other food products. Studies were conducted over a period of 10 weeks to determine the nutritive effects of the vegetable gum of algin and the protein of gelatin.
The apparent digestibility of algin varied directly with the level fed. Algin was utilized efficiently after absorption. Gelatin was highly digested irrespective of the level fed, but more food was required per unit increase in live weight. No characteriztic symptoms were noted that couldbe attributed to acute or chroninic toxicity. Both algin and gelatin were found to be wholesome foods
Longitudinal Ion Acceleration from High-Intensity Laser Interactions with Underdense Plasma
Longitudinal ion acceleration from high-intensity (I ~ 10^20 Wcm^-2) laser
interactions with helium gas jet targets (n_e ~ 0.04 n_c) have been observed.
The ion beam has a maximum energy for He^2+ of approximately 40 MeV and was
directional along the laser propagation path, with the highest energy ions
being collimated to a cone of less than 10 degrees. 2D particle-in-cell
simulations have been used to investigate the acceleration mechanism. The time
varying magnetic field associated with the fast electron current provides a
contribution to the accelerating electric field as well as providing a
collimating field for the ions. A strong correlation between the plasma density
and the ion acceleration was found. A short plasma scale-length at the vacuum
interface was observed to be beneficial for the maximum ion energies, but the
collimation appears to be improved with longer scale-lengths due to enhanced
magnetic fields in the ramp acceleration region.Comment: 18 pages, 6 figure
An Imaging Survey of Early-Type Barred Galaxies
This paper presents the results of a high-resolution imaging survey, using
both ground-based and Hubble Space Telescope images, of a complete sample of
nearby barred S0--Sa galaxies in the field, with a particular emphasis on
identifying and measuring central structures within the bars: secondary bars,
inner disks, nuclear rings and spirals, and off-plane dust. A discussion of the
frequency and statistical properties of the various types of inner structures
has already been published. Here, we present the data for the individual
galaxies and measurements of their bars and inner structures. We set out the
methods we use to find and measure these structures, and how we discriminate
between them. In particular, we discuss some of the deficiencies of ellipse
fitting of the isophotes, which by itself cannot always distinguish between
bars, rings, spirals, and dust, and which can produce erroneous measurements of
bar sizes and orientations.Comment: LaTeX, 66 pages (including 42 figures, 36 in color). To appear in The
Astrophysical Journal Supplement. Full-resolution and text-only versions
available at http://www.iac.es/galeria/erwin/research
A dinucleotide deletion in the ankyrin promoter alters gene expression, transcription initiation and TFIID complex formation in hereditary spherocytosis
Ankyrin defects are the most common cause of hereditary spherocytosis (HS). In some HS patients, mutations in the ankyrin promoter have been hypothesized to lead to decreased ankyrin mRNA synthesis. The ankyrin erythroid promoter is a member of the most common class of mammalian promoters which lack conserved TATA, initiator or other promoter cis elements and have high G+C content, functional Sp1 binding sites and multiple transcription initiation sites. We identified a novel ankyrin gene promoter mutation, a TG deletion adjacent to a transcription initiation site, in a patient with ankyrin-linked HS and analyzed its effects on ankyrin expression. In vitro, the mutant promoter directed decreased levels of gene expression, altered transcription initiation site utilization and exhibited defective binding of TATA-binding protein (TBP) and TFIID complex formation. In a transgenic mouse model, the mutant ankyrin promoter led to abnormalities in gene expression, including decreased expression of a reporter gene and altered transcription initiation site utilization. These data indicate that the mutation alters ankyrin gene transcription and contributes to the HS phenotype by decreasing ankyrin gene synthesis via disruption of TFIID complex interactions with the ankyrin core promoter. These studies support the model that in promoters that lack conserved cis elements, the TFIID complex directs preinitiation complex formation at specific sites in core promoter DNA and provide the first evidence that disruption of TBP binding and TFIID complex formation in this type of promoter leads to alterations in start site utilization, decreased gene expression and a disease phenotype in viv
Normal Globular Cluster Systems in Massive Low Surface Brightness Galaxies
We present the results of a study of the globular cluster systems of 6
massive spiral galaxies, originally cataloged as low surface brightness
galaxies but here shown to span a wide range of central surface brightness
values, including two intermediate to low surface brightness galaxies. We used
the Advanced Camera for Surveys on board HST to obtain photometry in the F475W
and F775W bands and select sources with photometric and morphological
properties consistent with those of globular clusters. A total of 206
candidates were identified in our target galaxies. From a direct comparison
with the Galactic globular cluster system we derive specific frequency values
for each galaxy that are in the expected range for late-type galaxies. We show
that the globular cluster candidates in all galaxies have properties consistent
with globular cluster systems of previously studied galaxies in terms of
luminosity, sizes and color. We establish the presence of globular clusters in
the two intermediate to low surface brightness galaxies in our sample and show
that their properties do not have any significant deviation from the behavior
observed in the other sample galaxies. Our results are broadly consistent with
a scenario in which low surface brightness galaxies follow roughly the same
evolutionary history as normal (i.e. high surface) brightness galaxies except
at a much lower rate, but require the presence of an initial period of star
formation intense enough to allow the formation of massive star clusters.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figures. AJ accepte
Political branding: sense of identity or identity crisis? An investigation of the transfer potential of the brand identity prism to the UK Conservative Party
Brands are strategic assets and key to achieving a competitive advantage. Brands can be seen as a heuristic device, encapsulating a series of values that enable the consumer to make quick and efficient choices. More recently, the notion of a political brand and the rhetoric of branding have been widely adopted by many political parties as they seek to differentiate themselves, and this has led to an emerging interest in the idea of the political brand. Therefore, this paper examines the UK Conservative Party brand under David Cameron’s leadership and examines the applicability of Kapferer’s brand identity prism to political branding. This paper extends and operationalises the brand identity prism into a ‘political brand identity network’ which identifies the inter-relatedness of the components of the corporate political brand and the candidate political brand. Crucial for practitioners, this model can demonstrate how the brand is presented and communicated to the electorate and serves as a useful mechanism to identify consistency within the corporate and candidate political brands
The Outer Disks of Early-Type Galaxies. I. Surface-Brightness Profiles of Barred Galaxies
We present a study of 66 barred, early-type (S0-Sb) disk galaxies, focused on
the disk surface brightness profile outside the bar region and the nature of
Freeman Type I and II profiles, their origins, and their possible relation to
disk truncations. This paper discusses the data and their reduction, outlines
our classification system, and presents -band profiles and classifications
for all galaxies in the sample.
The profiles are derived from a variety of different sources, including the
Sloan Digital Sky Survey (Data Release 5). For about half of the galaxies, we
have profiles derived from more than one telescope; this allows us to check the
stability and repeatability of our profile extraction and classification. The
vast majority of the profiles are reliable down to levels of mu_R ~ 27 mag
arcsec^-2; in exceptional cases, we can trace profiles down to mu_R > 28. We
can typically follow disk profiles out to at least 1.5 times the traditional
optical radius R_25; for some galaxies, we find light extending to ~ 3 R_25.
We classify the profiles into three main groups: Type I (single-exponential),
Type II (down-bending), and Type III (up-bending). The frequencies of these
types are approximately 27%, 42%, and 24%, respectively, plus another 6% which
are combinations of Types II and III. We further classify Type II profiles by
where the break falls in relation to the bar length, and in terms of the
postulated mechanisms for breaks at large radii ("classical trunction" of star
formation versus the influence of the Outer Lindblad Resonance of the bar). We
also classify the Type III profiles by the probable morphology of the outer
light (disk or spheroid). Illustrations are given for all cases. (Abridged)Comment: 41 pages, 26 PDF figures. To appear in the Astronomical Journal.
Version with full-resolution figures available at
http://www.mpe.mpg.de/~erwin/research
Morpho/Proteomic Comparative between High Grade Pleomorphic Sarcoma and Metastasis Diagnosed in an Old Captive Common Hippo
Old age is a risk factor for cancer development in humans and animals, and studies have shown that tumors in animals are acceptable models for studying human cancers, considering the similarities between their factors. This work was conducted in a 53-year-old captive female common hippo (Hippopotamus amphibious) with a left leg tumor and metastatic mass. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses were carried out with a final diagnosis of a high grade pleomorphic sarcoma. A proteomic study using mass spectrometry was added in order to identify further aspects of the primary tumor and metastasis which could improve our understanding, and each tissue showed a proteomic profile indicative of its pathologic state with significant differences between healthy tissue, primary and metastatic tumors. Low levels of beta-actin in primary tumors were identified, and this may be associated with a possible consequence of cytoskeleton dynamic modification. In metastatic tissue, these dynamics may be affected by the presence of HSP chaperone 60.FAPESP: 2012/02514-9Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Inst Ciencias Ambientais Quim & Farmaceut, BR-04039032 Diadema, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, BR-04023062 Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilAC Camargo Canc Ctr, Dept Patol, BR-01509010 Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Inst Ciencias Ambientais Quim & Farmaceut, BR-04039032 Diadema, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, BR-04023062 Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc
Political brand image: an investigation into the operationalisation of the external orientation of David Cameron’s Conservative brand
This paper seeks to address the limited understanding of how to operationalise the external brand image of a political brand. More specifically, this research critically assesses the transfer potential of the six variables of brand image by Bosch, Venter, Han and Boshoff to deconstruct the UK Conservative Party brand from the perspective of young people aged 18–24 years during the 2010 UK General Election campaign. This research demonstrates the applicability of the six variables otherwise known as the ‘brand image framework’ to the political environment. However, the application of the brand image framework in its original conceptualisation proved problematic. Many of the brand image variables were clarified, rearticulated and simplified to address the political context. This refined conceptualisation provided an in-depth understanding of how to investigate the political brand image of David Cameron’s Conservative Party. This study addresses the paucity of research that operationalises external brand image and provides practitioners and academics within and beyond the context of political branding a mechanism to understand the external orientation of brands. This research may also be used by political and non-political brands as a basis to explore external brand image and compare its consistency with internal brand identity
Properties of Galaxies in and around Voids
Two surveys for intrinsically faint galaxies towards nearby voids have been
conducted at the MPI f\"ur Astronomie, Heidelberg. One selected targets from a
new diameter limited () catalog with morphological criteria while
the other used digitized objective prism Schmidt plates to select mainly HII
dwarf galaxies. For some 450 galaxies, redshifts and other optical data were
obtained. We studied the spatial distribution of the sample objects, their
luminosity function, and their intrinsic properties. Most of the galaxies
belong to already well known sheets and filaments. But we found about a dozen
highly isolated galaxies in each sample (nearest neighborhood distance ). These tend to populate additional structures and are not
distributed homogeneously throughout the voids. As our results on 'void
galaxies' still suffer from small sample statistics, I also tried to combine
similar existing surveys of nearby voids to get further hints on the larger
structure and on the luminosity function of the isolated galaxies. No
differences in the luminosity function of sheet and void galaxies could be
found. The optical and infrared properties of both samples are in the normal
range for samples dominated by late-type dwarfs. Follow-up HI studies show that
the isolated dwarfs in both samples have unusual high amount of neutral gas for
a given luminosity.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, latex, to appear in the proceedings of the
'Ringberg workshop on Large Scale Structure', hold Sep. 23-28, 199
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