Dyeing of cotton with vat dyes using alkaline catalase alongwith iron(II) salt

109-115In this study, attempts have been made to replace sodium hydrosulphite with alkaline catalase in combination with iron (II) salt for dyeing cotton with vat dyes. The results show that alkaline catalase with iron (II) salt is quiet effective and capable of substituting sodium hydrosulphite with comparable dye strength and colour fastness. While reduction potential values of dyebaths are found to be almost same in both hydrosulphite and alkaline catalase along with iron(II) salt systems, the stability of the baths in absence and presence of dye is found superior in the new reduction system as compared to those in hydrosulphite system. Dye strength results show mixed findings, i.e. for some dyes, dye strength is higher in new reduction system, while for rest of the dyes, it is higher in hydrosulphite system

Dyeing of cotton with vat dyes using alkaline catalase alongwith iron(II) salt

In this study, attempts have been made to replace sodium hydrosulphite with alkaline catalase in combination with iron(II) salt for dyeing cotton with vat dyes. The results show that alkaline catalase with iron (II) salt is quiet effective andcapable of substituting sodium hydrosulphite with comparable dye strength and colour fastness. While reduction potentialvalues of dyebaths are found to be almost same in both hydrosulphite and alkaline catalase along with iron(II) salt systems,the stability of the baths in absence and presence of dye is found superior in the new reduction system as compared to thosein hydrosulphite system. Dye strength results show mixed findings, i.e. for some dyes, dye strength is higher in newreduction system, while for rest of the dyes, it is higher in hydrosulphite system

Non-adherence to anti- diabetic therapy and its consequences among type-2 diabetic patients in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Despite the extensive therapy options available for various stages of type 2 diabetes, studies have indicated that less than 50% of patients achieve the glycemic goals. Failure to attain the desired therapeutic goal might be related to inadequate adherence. Objectives of present study were to determine the extent of non-adherence to antidiabetic medications and identify reasons for the same.Methods: A cross-sectional, observational, questionnaire-based study was conducted to assess the level of non-adherence to antidiabetic therapy among type 2 diabetics attending medicine outpatient department or admitted to the wards of a tertiary care hospital from Jan 2015 to Jan 2016. A pretested and validated questionnaire was used to assess the level of adherence. Reasons for missing medications were also elicited. Data thus collected was analysed using a suitable statistical software.Results: Out of the 210 study participants, 55.2% were females. Most participants were in the age group of 51-60. The mean duration of diabetes was 8.17± 5.39. The most common diabetes-related complication was Diabetic Keto Acidosis (DKA), followed by diabetic foot ulcer. The average number of drugs per prescription was 1.98 ± 1.05. Poor glycemic control was observed in 58% and non-adherence to treatment in 45.2% of study participants.Conclusions: Good adherence to antidiabetic therapy is fundamental for good glycemic control which in turn prevents the occurrence of short and long-term complications of diabetes. Poor doctor-patient intercommunication and inadequacy on part of physicians to adjust medications negatively affect adherence. Active participation of the patient is also equally important

Tissue distribution and lipophorin transport of hydrocarbons and sex pheromones in the house fly, Musca domestica

We investigated the relationship between epicuticular and internal hydrocarbons in the adult house fly, Musca domestica and the distribution of hydrocarbons, including the female sex pheromone component, (Z)-9-tricosene, in tissues. Internal hydrocarbons increased dramatically in relation to sexual maturation and were found in the hemolymph, ovaries, digestive tract, and fat body. (Z)-9-Tricosene comprised a relatively large fraction of the hydrocarbons in the female carcass and hemolymph, and less so in other tissues, while other hydrocarbons were represented in greater amounts in the ovaries than in other tissues. It therefore appears that certain hydrocarbons were selectively provisioned to certain tissues such as the ovaries, from which pheromone was relatively excluded. Both KBr gradient ultracentrifugation and specific immunoprecipitation indicated that > 90% of hemolymph hydrocarbons were associated with a high-density lipophorin (density = 1.09 g ml(−1)), composed of two apoproteins under denaturing conditions, apolipophorin I (∼240 kD) and apolipophorin II (∼85 kD). Our results support a predicted model (Chino, 1985) that lipophorin is involved in the transport of sex pheromone in M. domestica. In addition to delivering hydrocarbons and sex pheromones to the cuticular surface, we suggest that lipophorin may play an important role in an active mechanism that selectively deposits certain subsets of hydrocarbons at specific tissues

Changing prevalence of wheeze, rhinitis and allergic sensitisation in late childhood:findings from 2 Isle of Wight birth cohorts’ 12-years apart

BACKGROUND: While the prevalence of asthma in children is decreasing or remaining the same, time trends in the prevalence of rhinitis in children are not known. Understanding sensitisation trends may help inform about trends in asthma and rhinitis prevalence.OBJECTIVE: To assess time trends of wheeze, rhinitis and aero-allergen sensitisation prevalence at 10 years of age, we compared two birth cohorts established 12 years apart. To gain insight into differences in disease prevalence, we assessed association of family history, early life exposures and sensitisation with wheeze and rhinitis in each cohort.METHODS: The IoW (Isle of Wight) and FAIR (Food Allergy and Intolerance Research) unselected birth cohorts were established in 1989 and 2001 respectively in IoW. Identical ISAAC questionnaire and skin prick test data were collected and compared at 10 years of age.RESULTS: Over the 12-year period from 2001 to 2012, prevalence of lifetime wheeze, current wheeze and those ever treated for asthma decreased by 15.9% (45.5 vs. 29.6, P < 0.001), 3.9% (18.9 vs. 15, P = 0.020) and 8.2% (31.7 vs. 23.5, P = 0.001), respectively. Conversely, current rhinitis and lifetime rhinitis prevalence increased by 5.5% (22.6 vs. 28.1, P = 0.004) and 13% (18.6 vs. 31.7, P < 0.001), respectively. Atopic status remained stable; however, house dust mite (HDM) sensitisation decreased by 5.6% (19.2 vs. 13.6, P = 0.004) and grass sensitisation increased by 3.5% (12.9 vs. 16.4, P = 0.054). Male sex, parental history of asthma and HDM sensitisation were significantly associated with lifetime wheeze in both cohorts, while maternal smoking during pregnancy was a significant risk factor only in the earlier IoW cohort. Parental history of rhinitis and grass sensitisation was significantly associated with lifetime rhinitis in both cohorts, while HDM sensitisation was significant only for the IoW cohort.CONCLUSION: Contrasting changes were noted with falling wheeze and HDM sensitisation but rising rhinitis and grass sensitisation prevalence. Changing prevalence of aero-allergen sensitisations may explain the different time trends observed in these cohorts

Silicon quantum dot devices with a self-aligned second gate layer

We implement silicon quantum dot devices with two layers of gate electrodes using a self-alignment technique, which allows for ultra-small gate lengths and intrinsically perfect layer-to-layer alignment. In a double quantum dot system, we investigate hole transport and observe current rectification due to Pauli spin blockade. Magnetic field measurements indicate that hole spin relaxation is dominated by spin-orbit interaction, and enable us to determine the effective hole $g$-factor $\simeq1.6$. From an avoided singlet-triplet crossing, occurring at high magnetic field, the spin-orbit coupling strength $\simeq0.27$meV is obtained, promising fast and all-electrical spin control

Environmental Response and Genomic Regions Correlated with Rice Root Growth and Yield under Drought in the OryzaSNP Panel across Multiple Study Systems

Funding: This research was funded by the Generation Challenge Program (GCP) project G3008.06, “Targeting Drought-Avoidance Root Traits to Enhance Rice Productivity under Water-Limited Environments". The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Assessment of total and soluble fluoride content in commercial dentifrices in Davangere: A cross sectional survey

Introduction: The major reason for decline in dental caries across globe is because of widespread use of fluoride dentifrices. For a fluoride dentifrice to be effective in the control of dental caries, an adequate concentration of the fluoride must be soluble. Objective: To assess soluble fluoride and total fluoride content in selected commercial dentifrices in Davangere. Materials and Methods: The soluble fluoride and total fluoride content in six selected commercial dentifrices in Davangere were assessed and expressed as ppm of fluoride (F) (mgF/g). Total fluoride and soluble fluoride was determined using an ion-specific electrode. Descriptive statistics applied to assess the mean total fluoride and soluble fluoride. Results: The total fluoride and soluble fluoride concentrations were approximately near to 1,000 ppm. Among the six dentifrices evaluated, four contained sodium fluoride (NaF) and two contained sodium monofluorophosphate (Na MFP) as fluoride compound. Conclusions: All the fluoridated dentifrices evaluated in this study contain adequate amount of soluble and total fluoride