357 research outputs found

    Measurement of the Luminosity in the ZEUS Experiment at HERA II

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    The luminosity in the ZEUS detector was measured using photons from electron bremsstrahlung. In 2001 the HERA collider was upgraded for operation at higher luminosity. At the same time the luminosity-measuring system of the ZEUS experiment was modified to tackle the expected higher photon rate and synchrotron radiation. The existing lead-scintillator calorimeter was equipped with radiation hard scintillator tiles and shielded against synchrotron radiation. In addition, a magnetic spectrometer was installed to measure the luminosity independently using photons converted in the beam-pipe exit window. The redundancy provided a reliable and robust luminosity determination with a systematic uncertainty of 1.7%. The experimental setup, the techniques used for luminosity determination and the estimate of the systematic uncertainty are reported.Comment: 25 pages, 11 figure

    Integrated Detector Control and Calibration Processing at the European XFEL

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    The European X-ray Free Electron Laser is a high-intensity X-ray light source currently being constructed in the area of Hamburg, that will provide spatially coherent X-rays in the energy range between 0.25keV0.25\,\mathrm{keV} and 25keV25\,\mathrm{keV}. The machine will deliver 10trains/s10\,\mathrm{trains/s}, consisting of up to 2700pulses2700\,\mathrm{pulses}, with a 4.5MHz4.5\,\mathrm{MHz} repetition rate. The LPD, DSSC and AGIPD detectors are being developed to provide high dynamic-range Mpixel imaging capabilities at the mentioned repetition rates. A consequence of these detector characteristics is that they generate raw data volumes of up to 15Gbyte/s15\,\mathrm{Gbyte/s}. In addition the detector's on-sensor memory-cell and multi-/non-linear gain architectures pose unique challenges in data correction and calibration, requiring online access to operating conditions and control settings. We present how these challenges are addressed within XFEL's control and analysis framework Karabo, which integrates access to hardware conditions, acquisition settings (also using macros) and distributed computing. Implementation of control and calibration software is mainly in Python, using self-optimizing (py) CUDA code, numpy and iPython parallels to achieve near-real time performance for calibration application.Comment: Proceeding ICALEPS 201

    Expected resolution limits of x-ray free-electron laser single-particle imaging for realistic source and detector properties

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    The unprecedented intensity of x-ray free-electron laser sources has enabled single-particle x-ray diffraction imaging (SPI) of various biological specimens in both two-dimensional projection and three dimensions (3D). The potential of studying protein dynamics in their native conditions, without crystallization or chemical staining, has encouraged researchers to aim for increasingly higher resolutions with this technique. The currently achievable resolution of SPI is limited to the sub-10 nanometer range, mainly due to background effects, such as instrumental noise and parasitic scattering from the carrier gas used for sample delivery. Recent theoretical studies have quantified the effects of x-ray pulse parameters, as well as the required number of diffraction patterns to achieve a certain resolution, in a 3D reconstruction, although the effects of detector noise and the random particle orientation in each diffraction snapshot were not taken into account. In this work, we show these shortcomings and address limitations on achievable image resolution imposed by the adaptive gain integrating pixel detector noise

    Measurement of neutral current e+/-p cross sections at high Bjorken x with the ZEUS detector

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    The neutral current e+/-p cross section has been measured up to values of Bjorken x of approximately 1 with the ZEUS detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of 187 inv. pb of e-p and 142 inv. pb of e+p collisions at sqrt(s) = 318GeV. Differential cross sections in x and Q2, the exchanged boson virtuality, are presented for Q2 geq 725GeV2. An improved reconstruction method and greatly increased amount of data allows a finer binning in the high-x region of the neutral current cross section and leads to a measurement with much improved precision compared to a similar earlier analysis. The measurements are compared to Standard Model expectations based on a variety of recent parton distribution functions.Comment: 39 pages, 9 figure

    Measurement of the cross-section ratio sigma_{psi(2S)}/sigma_{J/psi(1S)} in deep inelastic exclusive ep scattering at HERA

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    The exclusive deep inelastic electroproduction of ψ(2S)\psi(2S) and J/ψ(1S)J/\psi(1S) at an epep centre-of-mass energy of 317 GeV has been studied with the ZEUS detector at HERA in the kinematic range 2<Q2<802 < Q^2 < 80 GeV2^2, 30<W<21030 < W < 210 GeV and t<1|t| < 1 GeV2^2, where Q2Q^2 is the photon virtuality, WW is the photon-proton centre-of-mass energy and tt is the squared four-momentum transfer at the proton vertex. The data for 2<Q2<52 < Q^2 < 5 GeV2^2 were taken in the HERA I running period and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 114 pb1^{-1}. The data for 5<Q2<805 < Q^2 < 80 GeV2^2 are from both HERA I and HERA II periods and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 468 pb1^{-1}. The decay modes analysed were μ+μ\mu^+\mu^- and J/ψ(1S)π+πJ/\psi(1S) \,\pi^+\pi^- for the ψ(2S)\psi(2S) and μ+μ\mu^+\mu^- for the J/ψ(1S)J/\psi(1S). The cross-section ratio σψ(2S)/σJ/ψ(1S)\sigma_{\psi(2S)}/\sigma_{J/\psi(1S)} has been measured as a function of Q2,WQ^2, W and tt. The results are compared to predictions of QCD-inspired models of exclusive vector-meson production.Comment: 24 pages, 8 figure

    Combined QCD and electroweak analysis of HERA data

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    A simultaneous fit of parton distribution functions (PDFs) and electroweak parameters to HERA data on deep inelastic scattering is presented. The input data are the neutral current and charged current inclusive cross sections which were previously used in the QCD analysis leading to the HERAPDF2.0 PDFs. In addition, the polarisation of the electron beam was taken into account for the ZEUS data recorded between 2004 and 2007. Results on the vector and axial-vector couplings of the Z boson to u- and d-type quarks, on the value of the electroweak mixing angle and the mass of the W boson are presented. The values obtained for the electroweak parameters are in agreement with Standard Model predictions.Comment: 32 pages, 10 figures, accepted by Phys. Rev. D. Small corrections from proofing process and small change to Fig. 12 and Table

    Limits on the effective quark radius from inclusive epep scattering at HERA

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    The high-precision HERA data allows searches up to TeV scales for Beyond the Standard Model contributions to electron-quark scattering. Combined measurements of the inclusive deep inelastic cross sections in neutral and charged current epep scattering corresponding to a luminosity of around 1 fb1^{-1} have been used in this analysis. A new approach to the beyond the Standard Model analysis of the inclusive epep data is presented; simultaneous fits of parton distribution functions together with contributions of "new physics" processes were performed. Results are presented considering a finite radius of quarks within the quark form-factor model. The resulting 95% C.L. upper limit on the effective quark radius is 0.4310160.43\cdot 10^{-16} cm.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, accepted by Phys. Lett.

    High-E_T dijet photoproduction at HERA

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    The cross section for high-E_T dijet production in photoproduction has been measured with the ZEUS detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of 81.8 pb-1. The events were required to have a virtuality of the incoming photon, Q^2, of less than 1 GeV^2 and a photon-proton centre-of-mass energy in the range 142 < W < 293 GeV. Events were selected if at least two jets satisfied the transverse-energy requirements of E_T(jet1) > 20 GeV and E_T(jet2) > 15 GeV and pseudorapidity requirements of -1 < eta(jet1,2) < 3, with at least one of the jets satisfying -1 < eta(jet) < 2.5. The measurements show sensitivity to the parton distributions in the photon and proton and effects beyond next-to-leading order in QCD. Hence these data can be used to constrain further the parton densities in the proton and photon.Comment: 36 pages, 13 figures, 20 tables, including minor revisions from referees. Accepted by Phys. Rev.
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