Pembuatan Game Shooter “Fsn” Menggunakan Webcam Sebagai Game Controller Pada Komputer/laptop

Game “FSN” adalah game flying 2D yang memiliki genre shoot ‘em up yang menggunakan webcam sebagai game kontroller untuk menggerakkan sebuah pesawat yang dikendalikan untuk menghancurkan atau menembak musuh. Permainan ini dibuat menggunakan game engine Adobe Flash dan plug-in camspace untuk mendeteksi objek yang digunakan. Pemain akan menggerakkan sebuah pesawat utama dan harus menembaki musuh agar mendapatkan nilai atau skor yang diperoleh, untuk menyelesaikan permainan, pesawat utama harus mengalahkan bos musuh. Apabila pesawat utama menabrak musuh atau kehabisan darah yang dimiliki pesawat utama, maka permainan akan berakhir. Pengujian dilakukan dengan metode blackbox, alpha testing oleh pembimbing, dan beta testing melalui survei 30 pengguna. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa game ini cukup menarik untuk dimainkan karena membawa pengalaman baru dalam menggunakan kamera sebagai alat kendali

The outer limiting membrane (OLM) revisited: clinical implications

PURPOSE: The outer limiting membrane (OLM) is considered to play a role in maintaining the structure of the retina through mechanical strength. However, the observation of junction proteins located at the OLM and its barrier permeability properties may suggest that the OLM may be part of the retinal barrier. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Normal and diabetic rat, monkey, and human retinas were used to analyze junction proteins at the OLM. Proteome analyses were performed using immunohistochemistry on sections and flat-mounted retinas and western blotting on protein extracts obtained from laser microdissection of the photoreceptor layers. Semi-thin and ultrastructure analyses were also reported. RESULTS: In the rat retina, in the subapical region zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), junction adhesion molecule (JAM), an atypical protein kinase C, is present and the OLM shows dense labeling of occludin, JAM, and ZO-1. The presence of occludin has been confirmed using western blot analysis of the microdissected OLM region. In diabetic rats, occludin expression is decreased and glial cells junctions are dissociated. In the monkey retina, occludin, JAM, and ZO-1 are also found in the OLM. Junction proteins have a specific distribution around cone photoreceptors and Müller glia. Ultrastructural analyses suggest that structures like tight junctions may exist between retinal glial Müller cells and photoreceptors. CONCLUSIONS: In the OLM, heterotypic junctions contain proteins from both adherent and tight junctions. Their structure suggests that tight junctions may exist in the OLM. Occludin is present in the OLM of the rat and monkey retina and it is decreased in diabetes. The OLM should be considered as part of the retinal barrier that can be disrupted in pathological conditions contributing to fluid accumulation in the macula

Influence of age on retinochoroidal healing processes after argon photocoagulation in C57bl/6j mice

PURPOSE: To analyze the influence of age on retinochoroidal wound healing processes and on glial growth factor and cytokine mRNA expression profiles observed after argon laser photocoagulation. METHODS: A cellular and morphometric study was performed that used 44 C57Bl/6J mice: 4-week-old mice (group I, n=8), 6-week-old mice (group II, n=8), 10-12-week-old mice (group III, n=14), and 1-year-old mice (group IV, n=14). All mice in these groups underwent a standard argon laser photocoagulation (50 microm, 400 mW, 0.05 s). Two separated lesions were created in each retina using a slit lamp delivery system. At 1, 3, 7, 14, 60 days, and 4 months after photocoagulation, mice from each of the four groups were sacrificed by carbon dioxide inhalation. Groups III and IV were also studied at 6, 7, and 8 months after photocoagulation. At each time point the enucleated eyes were either mounted in Tissue Tek (OCT), snap frozen and processed for immunohistochemistry or either flat mounted (left eyes of groups III and IV). To determine, by RT-PCR, the time course of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) gene expression, we delivered ten laser burns (50 microm, 400 mW, 0.05 s) to each retina in 10-12-week-old mice (group III', n=10) and 1-year-old mice (group IV', n=10). Animals from Groups III' and IV' had the same age than those from Groups III and IV, but they received ten laser impacts in each eye and served for the molecular analysis. Mice from Groups III and IV received only two laser impacts per eye and served for the cellular and morphologic study. Retinal and choroidal tissues from these treated mice were collected at 16 h, and 1, 2, 3, and 7 days after photocoagulation. Two mice of each group did not receive photocoagulation and were used as controls. RESULTS: In the cellular and morphologic study, the resultant retinal pigment epithelium interruption expanse was significantly different between the four groups. It was more concise and smaller in the oldest group IV (112.1 microm+/-11.4 versus 219.1 microm+/-12.2 in group III) p<0.0001 between groups III and IV. By contrast, while choroidal neovascularization (CNV) was mild and not readily identifiable in group I, at all time points studied, CNV was more prominent in the (1-year-old mice) Group IV than in the other groups. For instance, up to 14 days after photocoagulation, CNV reaction was statistically larger in group IV than in group III ((p=0.0049 between groups III and IV on slide sections and p<0.0001 between the same groups on flat mounts). Moreover, four months after photocoagulation, the CNV area (on slide sections) was 1,282 microm(2)+/-90 for group III and 2,999 microm(2)+/-115 for group IV (p<0.0001 between groups III and IV). Accordingly, GFAP, VEGF, and MCP-1 mRNA expression profiles, determined by RT-PCR at 16 h, 1, 2, 3, and 7 days postphotocoagulation, were modified with aging. In 1-year-old mice (group IV), GFAP mRNA expression was already significantly higher than in the younger (10-12 week) group III before photocoagulation. After laser burns, GFAP mRNA expression peaked at 16-24 h and on day 7, decreasing thereafter. VEGF mRNA expression was markedly increased after photocoagulation in old mice eyes, reaching 2.7 times its basal level at day 3, while it was only slightly increased in young mice (1.3 times its level in untreated young mice 3 days postphotocoagulation). At all time points after photocoagulation, MCP-1 mRNA expression was elevated in old mice, reaching high levels of expression at 16 h and day 3 respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our results were based on the study of four different age groups and included not only data from morphological observations but also from a molecular analysis of the various alterations of cytokine signaling and expression. One-year-old mice demonstrated more extensive CNV formation and a slower pace of regression after laser photocoagulation than younger mice. These were accompanied by differences in growth factors and cytokine expression profiles indicate that aging is a factor that aggravates CNV. The above results may provide some insight into possible therapeutic strategies in the future

control gestión en prácticas profesionales y normativa de pasantías universitarias. caso: coordinación práctica profesional DAC-UCLA

The University as a knowledge generating institution has developed optimal management tools for academic competitiveness and to satisfy the environment, which demands qualified professionals to face the disagreements of business dynamics. The Coordination of Professional Practices of DAC-UCLA provides the labor market with interns capable of solving problems immersed in business dynamics, for which it is necessary to control their management, for which the University Internship Regulations were approved as a mechanism; in this sense, the need arose to carry out this study to know the link between this legal framework and the management processes. This research was conducted during the academic period 2009-2 and 2011-1. It was a qualitative approach work, non experimental level, descriptive and documentary type, a formal interview was used as a collection instrument. The relevance of this research was to achieve a strategic diagnosis where the lack of a long-term management philosophy was concluded, since the management is characterized by being proactive, with team culture, in addition to a value system based on beliefs. The components of the regulations are legally established, although the structure of the Coordination is not formally established as a unit of the DAC, and the control processes are developed in an incipient manner. The study of strategic and management control allowed to make recommendations such as developing a strategic planning for the unit, formalization of organizational manuals, functions, positions and procedures as well as control mechanisms and the approval of the coordination as a functional unit of the DAC.La Universidad como institución generadora de conocimiento ha desarrollado herramientas de gestión óptimas para la competitividad académica y para satisfacer el entorno, el cual demanda profesionales aptos para enfrentar las desavenencias de la dinámica empresarial. La Coordinación de Prácticas Profesionales del DAC-UCLA provee al mercado laboral de pasantes capaces de solventar problemas inmersos en la dinámica empresarial, por lo que es necesario controlar su gestión, para ello se aprobó como mecanismo la Normativa de Pasantía Universitaria; en tal sentido se originó la necesidad de realizar este estudio para conocer la vinculación de ese marco legal con los procesos de gestión. Esta investigación se realizó durante el lapso académico 2009-2 y 2011-1. Fue un trabajo de enfoque de tipo cualitativo, nivel no experimental, tipo descriptiva y documental, se empleó una entrevista formal como instrumento de recolección. La relevancia de esta investigación fue lograr realizar un diagnóstico estratégico donde se concluyó la carencia de una filosofía de gestión proyectada a largo plazo, ya que la gestión se caracteriza por ser proactiva, con cultura de equipo, además de un sistema de valores basado en creencias. Los componentes de la normativa están establecidos jurídicamente, no obstante la estructura de la Coordinación no está formalmente establecida como unidad del DAC, y los procesos de control están desarrollados de manera incipiente. El estudio del control estratégico y de gestión permitió conformar recomendaciones como desarrollar una planificación estratégica para la unidad, formalización de manuales de organización, funciones, cargos y procedimientos además de mecanismos de control y la aprobación de la coordinación como una unidad funcional del DAC

Anomalous visual experience is linked to perceptual uncertainty and visual imagery vividness

An imbalance between top-down and bottom-up processing on perception (specifically, over-reliance on top-down processing) can lead to anomalous perception, such as illusions. One factor that may be involved in anomalous perception is visual mental imagery, which is the experience of “seeing” with the mind’s eye. There are vast individual differences in self-reported imagery vividness, and more vivid imagery is linked to a more sensory-like experience. We, therefore, hypothesized that susceptibility to anomalous perception is linked to individual imagery vividness. To investigate this, we adopted a paradigm that is known to elicit the perception of faces in pure visual noise (pareidolia). In four experiments, we explored how imagery vividness contributes to this experience under different response instructions and environments. We found strong evidence that people with more vivid imagery were more likely to see faces in the noise, although removing suggestive instructions weakened this relationship. Analyses from the first two experiments led us to explore confidence as another factor in pareidolia proneness. We, therefore, modulated environment noise and added a confidence rating in a novel design. We found strong evidence that pareidolia proneness is correlated with uncertainty about real percepts. Decreasing perceptual ambiguity abolished the relationship between pareidolia proneness and both imagery vividness and confidence. The results cannot be explained by incidental face-like patterns in the noise, individual variations in response bias, perceptual sensitivity, subjective perceptual thresholds, viewing distance, testing environments, motivation, gender, or prosopagnosia. This indicates a critical role of mental imagery vividness and perceptual uncertainty in anomalous perceptual experience. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00426-020-01364-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

Ramucirumab plus docetaxel versus placebo plus docetaxel in patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma after platinum-based therapy (RANGE): a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial

Few treatments with a distinct mechanism of action are available for patients with platinum-refractory advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma. We assessed the efficacy and safety of treatment with docetaxel plus either ramucirumab-a human IgG1 VEGFR-2 antagonist-or placebo in this patient population

Pengaruh CR (Current Ratio), DER (Debt To Equity Ratio), EPS (Earning Per Share) dan Financial Distress (Altman Score) terhadap Harga Saham pada Perusahaan Sektor Industri Dasar dan Kimia yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia

Tujuan dari penelitian ini agar dapat mengetahui analisis fundamental yang berpengaruh didalam harga saham. Variabel independen pada penelitian ini adalah current ratio, debt to equity ratio, earning per share dan financial distress (altman score), sedangkan variabel dependen pada penelitian ini adalah harga saham. Penelitian ini diambil dari Perusahaan sektor industri dasar dan kimia yang terdaftar di BEI pada tahun 2013-2017. Populasi yang terdapat dalam sektor Perusahaan tersebut adalah 69 Perusahaan. Sampel yang diteliti adalah sebanyak 24 Perusahaan yang diseleksi menggunakan teknik purposive sampling sehingga total sampel yang akan digunakan selama 5 tahun menjadi 120 sampel. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linier berganda dengan alat bantu SPSS 21. Hasil pengujian secara parsial menunjukkan bahwa current ratio berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap harga saham, debt to equity ratio tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap harga saham, earning per share dan financial distress (altman score) berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap harga saham pada Perusahaan sektor industri dasar dan kimia

Expression of human F8B, a gene nested within the coagulation factor VIII gene, produces multiple eye defects and developmental alterations in chimeric and transgenic mice

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Nanoparticles for gene delivery to retinal pigment epithelial cells.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and potential use of poly(lactic) acid (PLA) and poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) as vectors for gene transfer to RPE cells. METHODS: Experiments were conducted with primary bovine RPE cells and with the ARPE-19 human RPE cell line. Rhodamine loaded NPs were used to study factors influencing the internalization process by the various RPE cells: concentrations of NPs, duration of contact time, stage of cell culture and ambient temperature. The extent of NPs internalization was evaluated by fluorescence and phase microscopy. Potential NP toxicity was measured by the trypan blue exclusion dye test and the MTT method. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) plasmid or red nuclear fluorescent protein (RNFP) plasmid were sequestered in NPs. The ability ot these "loaded" NPs to generate gene transfection and protein expression in RPE cells was assessed both in vivo and in vitro by fluorescence and confocal microscopy. RESULTS: The extent of NP internalization in cultured cells increases with their concentration reaching a plateau at 1 mg/ml and a contact time of up to 6 h. Temperature and culture stage did not influence the in vitro internalization process. No toxic effects on RPE cells could be detected when these were incubated with up to 4 mg/ml of NPs. In human and bovine RPE cells incubated with GFP loaded NPs, cytoplasmic green fluorescence was observed in 14+/-1.65% of the cultured cells. Incubation with RNFP loaded NPs yielded a nuclear red fluorescence in 18.9+/-1.6% of the cells. These percentage levels of expression initially detected after 48 h of incubation remained unchanged during the following 8 additional days in culture. No significant differences in the extent of cytoplasm or nuclear fluorescence expression were observed between bovine or human RPE cultured cells. In vivo, a preferential RNFP expression within the RPE cell layer was detected after intra vitreous injection of RNFP plasmid loaded NPs. CONCLUSIONS: The ability of PLGA NPs to sequester plasmids, their nontoxic characteristics, and rapid internalization enables gene transfer and expression in RPE cells. These findings may be of potential use when designing future gene therapy strategies for ocular diseases of the posterior segment

Iron, ferritin, transferrin, and transferrin receptor in the adult rat retina

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