Análisis desde de la Perspectiva de Familia de la Ley 30364 para prevenir la violencia

Intrafamily violence is recognized as an important public health problem, which complexity can be approached from different perspectives. The family lens is considered more efficient in the evaluation of a phenomenon because, instead of only considering an isolate person, it recognizes the importance of family relationships and responsibilities. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify whether the perspective based on which Law 30364 has been enacted incorporates the family lens. The present research follows a mixed design of sequential explanatory type. For the quantitative part, the Guide for the Analysis of the Family Lens in Public Policies version 1.1 was used as aninstrument and the sample consisted of nine experts. For the qualitative part, a semi-structured interview was used as an instrument and three experts participated. The main quantitative results show that no criterion considered in the guide obtained a score higher than 50 points. Being the highest rating score of a mean of 44.4 and the lowest of 11.1; these results, were mostly corroborated through the qualitative analysis of categories, which main findings are developed in the corresponding section. It could be evidenced, after the experts' assessment, that the evaluated law does not consider the family lens despite the contribution it could make to understand this problematic.La violencia intrafamiliar es reconocida como un importante problema de salud pública, cuya complejidad puede ser abordada desde diferentes perspectivas. La perspectiva de familia es un enfoque que en lugar de considerar al individuo de manera aislada; reconoce la importancia de sus relaciones y responsabilidades familiares. Por ello, la finalidad de este estudio es identificar si la perspectiva en base a la cual se ha promulgado la ley 30364, incorpora la perspectiva de familia. La presente investigación sigue un diseño mixto de tipo explicativo secuencial. Para la parte cuantitativa, se utilizó como instrumento la Guía para el Análisis de la Perspectiva de Familia en las Políticas Públicas versión 1.1 y la muestra estuvo conformada por 9 expertos. Para la parte cualitativa, se utilizó como instrumento una entrevista semiestructurada y se tuvo la participación de 3 expertos. Los principales resultados cuantitativos arrojan que ningún criterio considerado en la guía obtiene un puntaje mayor a la mitad, 50 puntos del máximo posible. Siendo el mayor puntaje de calificación de una media de 44.4 y el menor de 11.1; estos resultados, fueron en su mayoría corroborados a través del análisis cualitativo de categorías, cuyos principales hallazgos se desarrollan en el apartado correspondiente. Los resultados señalan, que la ley evaluada no considera los pilares conceptuales de la perspectiva de familia

Mecanismos de resistencia antifúngica de los azoles en Candida albicans. Una revisión

Candida albicans es una levadura comensal capaz de causar una infección oportunista en hospederos susceptibles denominada candidiasis. El tratamiento para combatir la candidiasis puede ser tópico o sistémico según el tipo de infección, los antifúngicos más utilizados son los derivados imidazólicos (fluconazol, itraconazol, ketoconazol, miconazol etc.), sin embargo en la actualidad se observa una disminución en la efectividad de estos medicamentos, es decir, un fenómeno de resistencia de parte del microorganismo a estos fármacos, esto debido principalmente, al surgimiento de levaduras resistentes, a la aparición de nuevas especies patógenas, a la prescripción irracional de antimicóticos como profilaxis y al aumento de las dosis terapéuticas. Existen dos mecanismos por los que Candida puede adquirir resistencia a un azol. El primero es por mutaciones moleculares de la enzima diana del antifúngico, como la alteración de las enzimas relacionadas en la síntesis del ergosterol y el segundo por la alteración en las bombas de expulsión: ATP-binding cassette (ABC) y facilitadores mayores (MF). En este trabajo se resumen los principales mecanismos de resistencia en Candida y la importancia de hacer pruebas de susceptibilidad con el fin de brindar un tratamiento adecuado para este tipo de infecciones oportunistas

Áreas potenciales para plantaciones de Agave angustifolia Haw en Guerrero, México

Objective: To determine optimum and suboptimal areas for the establishment of plantations of Agave angustifolia Haw. in the state of Guerrero. Design/methodology/approach: A collection of 139 specimens of A. angustifolia was carried out, obtaining for each specimen phenotypic, agroclimatic and agroecological data. The information of 30 specimens of herbarium was consulted. Interviews were conducted with the representatives of the state council of mezcal in Guerrero, the company Sanzekan Tinemi and Mezcalli del Sur, to complement the information of the areas. A database was created where the information of each copy was included, as well as the information obtained from the interviews. Criteria for selecting potential areas of A. angustifoliawere defined, after which a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) was constructed, generating mapping areas with agroclimatic and agro potential, wherein the optimal suboptimal and marginal areas for the establishment of A. angustifolia were delineated. For the validation of the information, field visits were made to specific sites to verify the agroecological conditions of the potential areas obtained in this research. Results: There are approximately 1,020,998.27 ha with optimum aptitude and 618,015.87 ha with suboptimal aptitude. Limitations on study/implications: We suggest to incorporate information referring to the physiology, productivity and genetic diversity of the native populations of A. angustifolia. Findings/conclusions: The regions with the highest and suboptimal potential for the plantations of A. angustifolia are Norte, Tierra Caliente and Centro, where the largest production of mezcal in the state occurs.  Objetivo: Determinar áreas optimas y subóptimas para establecer plantaciones de Agave angustifolia Haw. en el estado de Guerrero, México. Diseño/metodología/aproximación: Se recolectaron 139 ejemplares de A. angustifolia, para cada ejemplar se registraron datos fenotípicos, agroclimáticos y agroecológicos. Se consultó la información de 30 ejemplares de herbario; además se entrevistaron a los representantes del Consejo Estatal del Mezcal en Guerrero, la empresa Sanzekan Tinemi y la empresa Mezcalli del Sur, para complementar la información de las áreas. Se generó una base de datos donde se incluyó la información de cada ejemplar, así como la obtenida de entrevistas. Se definieron criterios para la selección de áreas potenciales de A. angustifolia, después de lo cual se construyó un Sistema de Información Geográfica (SIG),generando la cartografía de las áreas con potencial agroclimático y agroecológico, donde se delimitaron las áreas optimas, subóptimas y marginales, para el establecimiento de A. angustifolia. Para la validación de la información, se realizaron visitas de campo a sitios específicos para verificar las condiciones agroecológicas de las áreas potenciales obtenidas en el presente trabajo. Resultados: Los resultados indican que existen aproximadamente 1,020,998.27 ha con aptitud óptima y 618,015.87 ha con aptitud subóptima. Limitaciones del estudio/implicaciones: se sugiere incorporar información referente a la fisiología, productividad y diversidad genética de las poblaciones nativas de A. angustifolia. Hallazgos/conclusiones: Las regiones con mayor potencial optimo y subóptimo para las plantaciones de A. angustifolia son Norte, Tierra Caliente y Centro, donde además se presenta la mayor producción de mezcal en el estado

SOBRINA Spanish study-analysing the frequency, cost and adverse events associated with overuse in primary care: protocol for a retrospective cohort study

Introduction Several institutions and quality national agencies have fostered the creation of recommendations on what not to do to reduce overuse in clinical practice. In primary care, their impact has hardly been studied. The frequency of adverse events (AEs) associated with doing what must not be done has not been analysed, either. The aim of this study is to measure the frequency of overuse and AEs associated with doing what must not be done (commission errors) in primary care and their cost. Methods and analysis A coordinated, multicentric, national project. A retrospective cohort study using computerised databases of primary care medical records from national agencies and regional health services will be conducted to analyse the frequency of the overuse due to ignore the do-not-do recommendations, and immediately afterwards, depending on their frequency, a representative random sample of medical records will be reviewed with algorithms (triggers) that determine the frequency of AEs associated with these recommendations. Cost will determine by summation of the direct costs due to the consultation, pharmacy, laboratory and imaging activities according to the cases. Ethics and dissemination The study protocol has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Primary Care Research of the Valencian Community. We aim to disseminate the findings through international peerreviewed journals and on the website (http://www. nohacer. es/). Outcomes will be used to incorporate algorithms into the electronic history to assist in making clinical decisions

Eficacia y seguridad de la técnica coplanar en comparación con las técnicas de derotación convencional para la corrección quirúrgica de deformidades de la columna vertebral: una evaluación de tecnología sanitaria en niños, jóvenes y adultos

A health technology assessment (HTA) was carried out to critically analyze the evidence on the efficacy and safety of the surgical correction of spinal deformities using the coplanar technique, compared to the conventional derotation techniques, in children, adolescents and adults. A systematic search of the literature was carried out in the PubMed, Cochrane Library and LILACS databases. In addition, a manual search was carried out in the reference lists of the included studies, on Google and on the websites of specialized societies and groups that produce clinical practice guidelines (CPG) and HTA. In addition, we searched ClinicalTrials.gov and the International Clinical Trial Registry Platform (ICTRP) for clinical trial records in progress or not completed. Five documents were selected for evaluation, including two CPG, a randomized clinical trial, and two observational studies. After a critical evaluation of the evidence, it was concluded that both techniques showed a similar efficacy profile in terms of relevant outcomes such as correction of curvatures in the coronal and sagittal planes, quality of life and surgical time. Likewise, the rates of screw malposition, complications and volume of blood loss did not show significant differences between both techniques. However, the profile of  opportunity cost of the systems that allow the application of the coplanar technique is not favorable in the context of the evaluation, due to its high cost concerning conventional systems.Se realizó una evaluación de tecnología sanitaria (ETS) con el objetivo de analizar críticamente la evidencia sobre la eficacia y seguridad de la corrección quirúrgica de las deformidades de la columna vertebral con el uso de la técnica coplanar, en comparación con la técnica de derotación convencional, en pacientes niños, jóvenes y adultos. Se llevó a cabo una búsqueda sistemática de la evidencia en las bases de datos de PubMed, Cochrane Library y LILACS. Además, se realizó una búsqueda manual en las listas de referencias de los estudios incluidos, así como, en Google y páginas web de sociedades especializadas y grupos que realizan guías de práctica clínica (GPC) y ETS. Adicionalmente, se buscó registros de estudios clínicos en ejecución o aún no terminados en ClinicalTrials.gov y el International Clinical Trial Registry Platform (ICTRP). Se seleccionaron cinco documentos para evaluación, incluyendo dos GPC, un ensayo clínico aleatorizado y dos estudios observacionales. Luego de la evaluación crítica de la evidencia, se concluyó que, ambas técnicas mostraron un perfil de eficacia similar en cuanto a desenlaces de relevancia como corrección de curvaturas en el plano coronal, sagital, calidad de vida y tiempo quirúrgico. Asimismo, las tasas de malposición de tornillos, complicaciones y volumen de pérdida sanguínea no mostraron diferencias significativas entre ambas técnicas. Sin embargo, el perfil de costo de oportunidad de los sistemas que permiten la aplicación de la técnica coplanar no es favorable en el contexto de la evaluación, debido a su alto costo en relación con los sistemas convencionales

Transportability of non-target arthropod field data for the use in environmental risk assessment of genetically modified maize in Northern Mexico

In country, non-target arthropod (NTA) field evaluations are required to comply with the regulatory process for cultivation of genetically modified (GM) maize in Mexico. Two sets of field trials, Experimental Phase and Pilot Phase, were conducted to identify any potential harm of insect-protected and glyphosate-tolerant maize (MON89Ø34-3 × MON-88Ø17-3 and MON-89Ø34-3 × MON-ØØ6Ø3-6) and glyphosatetolerant maize (MON-ØØ6Ø3-6) to local NTAs compared to conventional maize. NTA abundance data were collected at 32 sites, providing high geographic and environmental diversity within maize production areas from four ecological regions (ecoregions) in northern Mexico. The most abundant herbivorous taxa collected included field crickets, corn flea beetles, rootworm beetles, cornsilk flies, aphids, leafhoppers, plant bugs and thrips while the most abundant beneficial taxa captured were soil mites, spiders, predatory ground beetles, rove beetles, springtails (Collembola), predatory earwigs, ladybird beetles, syrphid flies, tachinid flies, minute pirate bugs, parasitic wasps and lacewings. Across the taxa analysed, no statistically significant differences in abundance were detected between GM maize and the conventional maize control for 69 of the 74 comparisons (93.2%) indicating thatthe single or stacked insect-protected and herbicide-tolerant GM traits generally exert no marked adverse effects on the arthropod populations compared with conventional maize. The distribution of taxa observed in this study provides evidence that irrespective of variations in overall biodiversity of a given ecoregion, important herbivore, predatory and parasitic arthropod taxa within the commercial maize agroecosystem are highly similar indicating that relevant data generated in one ecoregion can be transportable for the risk assessment of the same or similar GM crop in another ecoregion

A Functional Pipeline of Genome-Wide Association Data Leads to Midostaurin as a Repurposed Drug for Alzheimer’s Disease

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) constitute a powerful tool to identify the different biochemical pathways associated with disease. This knowledge can be used to prioritize drugs targeting these routes, paving the road to clinical application. Here, we describe DAGGER (Drug Repositioning by Analysis of GWAS and Gene Expression in R), a straightforward pipeline to find currently approved drugs with repurposing potential. As a proof of concept, we analyzed a meta-GWAS of 1.6 × 107 single-nucleotide polymorphisms performed on Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Our pipeline uses the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) and Drug Gene Interaction (DGI) databases for a rational prioritization of 22 druggable targets. Next, we performed a two-stage in vivo functional assay. We used a C. elegans humanized model over-expressing the Aβ1-42 peptide. We assayed the five top-scoring candidate drugs, finding midostaurin, a multitarget protein kinase inhibitor, to be a protective drug. Next, 3xTg AD transgenic mice were used for a final evaluation of midostaurin’s effect. Behavioral testing after three weeks of 20 mg/kg intraperitoneal treatment revealed a significant improvement in behavior, including locomotion, anxiety-like behavior, and new-place recognition. Altogether, we consider that our pipeline might be a useful tool for drug repurposing in complex diseases.This work was mainly financed by Programa Operativo FEDER funds from the European Union through grant UMA20-FEDERJA-133. We thank Fundacion SantÁngela for co-funding with grant 83/23.04.2021. P.G.-G. is supported by the CIBERNED employment plan CNV-304-PRF-866. CIBERNED is integrated into Instituto de Salud Carlos III. I.d.R is supported by a national grant from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III FI20/00215. A.R. is supported by national grants PI13/02434, PI16/01861, PI17/01474, PI19/01240, and PI19/01301. A.M.B.-L. and M.J.M. were funded by grant PID2020-120463RB-I00 funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación. A.C.-Z. holds a postdoctoral research contract from Secretaría General de Universidades, Investigación y Tecnología–Junta de Andalucía (POSTDOC21_00365). B.P.S (IFI21/00024) holds an “iPFIS” predoctoral contract from the National System of Health, EU-ERDF-ISCIII. M.d.C.M.-P. holds predoctoral grants from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (FPU17/00276). P.R. (CP19/00068) holds a “Miguel Servet” research contract from the National System of Health, ISCIII co-funded by the European Social Fund, “Investing in your future,” Gobierno de España. This research was funded by Delegación del Gobierno para el Plan Nacional sobre Drogas, Ministerio de Salud, Gobierno de España (PND2020/048). Ethovision XT software v17 (Noldus, Wageningen, The Netherlands) funded by Plan Propio, Universidad de Málaga