Parameterization and quantification of recharge in crystalline fractured bedrocks in Galicia-Costa (NW Spain)

Quantifying groundwater recharge in crystalline rocks presents great difficulties due to the high heterogeneity of the underground medium (mainly, due to heterogeneity in fracture network, which determines hydraulic parameters of the bedrock like hydraulic conductivity or effective porosity). Traditionally these rocks have been considered to have very low permeability, and their groundwater resources have usually been neglected; however, they can be of local importance when the bedrock presents a net of well-developed fractures. The current European Water Framework Directive requires an efficient management of all groundwater resources; this begins with a proper knowledge of the aquifer and accurate recharge estimation. In this study, an assessment of groundwater resources in the Spanish hydrologic district of Galicia-Costa, dominated by granitic and metasedimentary rocks, was carried out. A water-balance modeling approach was used for estimating recharge rates in nine pilot catchments representatives of both geologic materials. These results were cross-validated with an independent technique, i.e. the chloride mass balance (CMB). A relation among groundwater recharge and annual precipitation according to two different logistic curves was found for both granites and metasedimentary rocks, thus allowing the parameterization of recharge by means of only a few hydrogeological parameters. Total groundwater resources in Galicia-Costa were estimated to be 4427 hm<sup>3</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup>. An analysis of spatial and temporal variability of recharge was also carried out

Draw, project: helping to grow talent in a university context

The main objective of this article is to establish the parallelism between the learning processes of artistic creation related to the act of projecting architecture and the discovery of talent to develop it. The dynamics of spatial configuration as a series of open processes based on graphical actions are devised. Imagination is established as the origin and act of volition of projection, meanwhile the images are defined as schemas of contents' configuration of imagination. It is discussed to convert that first mental image, as imaginary trigger, in an architecturally productive image. The experience developed in the subjects of Drawing, Analysis and Ideation 1 and 2 the teaching at the beginning of the projection, highlighting the work of graphics in the processes of architectural creation. Dynamics of teamwork between teachers and students which allow for talent discovery in all the phases of learning.El objetivo fundamental del artículo es establecer el paralelismo existente entre el aprendizaje de los procesos de creación artística relacionados con el acto de proyectar arquitectura y la detección del talento necesario para su desarrollo. Se plantea la dinámica de configuración espacial como una serie de procesos abiertos basados en acciones gráficas. Se establece la imaginación como origen y acto de voluntad del proyectar, y se definen las imágenes como esquemas de configuración de los contenidos de la imaginación. Se argumenta la necesidad de convertir esa primera imagen mental, de desencadenante imaginario, en imagen productiva arquitectónicamente. La experiencia desarrollada en las asignaturas de Dibujo, Análisis e Ideación 1 y 2 enmarca su docencia en el inicio del proyectar, evidenciando la labor del grafismo en los procesos de creación arquitectónica. Una dinámica de trabajo colectivo entre profesores y alumnos que permite la detección del talento en todas las fases del aprendizaje